1、阅读理解（观点态度题）强化练习试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corr
2、esponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated (自动化的 ) production systems requiring a least
3、possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks. On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present for
4、m without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing (交换 ) system of major banks and the weather forecasting system. When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers) while other staff are re
5、-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. After the new system has settled down, people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activit
6、y of the firm, resulting from the introduction of computers. The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult. On the othe
7、r hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Pri
8、me Minister, James Callaghan in 1979, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run. 1 The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from_. （ A） the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduc
9、tion （ B） their use as part of automated production systems （ C） the least possible number of operators （ D） the production system in steelworks 2 The underlined word “They“ (Line 1, Para. 2) refers to_. （ A） computers （ B） jobs （ C） activities （ D） systems 3 According to Paragraph 2, without comput
10、ers_. （ A） human activities could not continue （ B） there could not be weather forecasting systems （ C） many activities would have to change their present form （ D） banks would not be able to go on with check clearing 4 According to the passage, what results from the introduction of computers? （ A）
11、After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs. （ B） A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts. （ C） The firm keeps all of its original staff members. （ D） The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities. 5 James Callaghans attitude tow
12、ards computers can be best described as_. （ A） doubtful （ B） regretful （ C） unfriendly （ D） supportive 5 In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six. At this stage nearly all the teachers are women, mostly married. The atmosphere is usually very friendly, and the teachers have
13、 now accepted the idea that the important thing is to make the children happy and interested. The old authoritarian (要绝对服从的 ) methods of education were discredited (不被认可 ) rather a long time ago so much so that many people now think that they have gone too far in the direction of trying to make chil
14、dren happy and interested rather than giving them actual instruction. The social education of young children tries to make them accept the idea that human beings in a society need to work together for their common good. So the emphasis is on cooperation rather than competition throughout most of thi
15、s process. This may seem curious, in view of the fact that American society is highly competitive; however, the need for making people sociable in this sense has come to be regarded as one of the functions of education. Most Americans do grow up with competitive ideas, and obviously quite a few as c
16、riminals， but it is not fair to say that the educational system fails. It probably does succeed in making most people sociable and ready to help one another both in material ways and through kindness and friendliness. 6 According to the passage, the U. S. elementary education is supposed to make chi
17、ldren_. （ A） sensible and sensitive （ B） competitive and interested （ C） curious and friendly （ D） happy and cooperative 7 Some Americans complain about elementary schools because they think_. （ A） children are reluctant to help each other （ B） schools lay too much emphasis on cooperation （ C） child
18、ren should grow up with competitive ideas （ D） schools give little actual instruction to children 8 The authors attitude towards American education can be best described as_. （ A） favorable （ B） negative （ C） tolerant （ D） unfriendly 9 The American educational system emphasizes_. （ A） material wealt
19、h （ B） competition （ C） cooperation （ D） personal benefit 10 The word “sociable“ (Line 8, Paragraph 2) most probably means_. （ A） fond of talking freely （ B） friendly with other people （ C） concerned about social welfare （ D） happy at school 10 How can we get rid of garbage (垃圾 )? Do we have enough
20、energy sources to meet our future energy needs? These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the time it can save the land to hold garbage.
21、 For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped (倾倒 ) it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas, but they are chemically similar to
22、 these fossil (化石 ) fuels. As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source. Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some citys in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water
23、. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the citys garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of
24、 oil. Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth. 11 What two problems can man solve by burning garbage? （ A） The shortage of energy
25、 and air pollution. （ B） The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbage. （ C） Air pollution and the shortage of fossil fuel. （ D） Air pollution and the shortage of land to hold garbage. 12 Which of the following is NOT the result of burning garbage? （ A） The garbage burned is turned into fossil
26、 fuels. （ B） The heat produced is used to boil water. （ C） The steam produced is used to make electricity. （ D） The steam produced is used to heat buildings. 13 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） About 2 million metric tons of garbage is burned in Paris each year. （ B
27、） In a modern society, more and more garbage is produced each year. （ C） Using garbage is a good way to solve the problem of energy shortage. （ D） It will be too expensive to use garbage as an energy source. 14 What is the authors attitude? （ A） Delighted. （ B） Sad. （ C） Agreeing. （ D） Disagreeing.
28、15 The best title for the passage may be_. （ A） Garbage and the Earth （ B） Fossil Fuel and Garbage （ C） Land and Garbage （ D） Garbage Energy Source 阅读理解（观点态度题）强化练习试卷 1答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some quest
29、ions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 【知识模块】 观点态度题 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。根据文章第一段 “based on the fear of w
30、idespread unemployment resulting from their introduction ”可知 A项中的 “caused”即为 “resulting from”的同义转述。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对词汇指代的把握。首先 They指的肯定是名词，根据第二段的前两句可知 They前面有两个名词 computers， jobs。再根据后面的意思 “有技巧的，报酬高的 ”，所以选择 B： jobs。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。定位到第二段后两句话 “Many
31、activities could not continue in their present form without computers”。关键词是“present form”，只是不能以这种形式继续，因此 C为同义转述。选项 A、 B、 D都没有表达出这个意思。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。引进计算机会导致什么后果。 A项再培训后，公司里所有的雇员会得到新的工作，由于有 “all”，所以显得过于绝对。 B项相当比例的人被雇用在关键岗位上。与第三段 “a few people ”文意相反。 C项公司保留所有的员工，与文意相反。
32、【知识模块】 观点态度题 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章中某个人态度的把握。根据人名定位到最后一段最后一句。根据句意可知，他是支持这个观点的：新技术会改善经济状况，提高生 产力。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 【知识模块】 观点态度题 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对全文整体的把握。全文分两个部分：第一段着重阐述美国初等教育是要给小孩创造一个充满快乐和兴趣的成长氛围。 the important thing is to make the children happy and interested， “重要的是让孩子们快乐和有兴趣 ”；第二段主要阐述初等教育
33、所包含的社会化教育，培养孩子们在竞争的过程中有合作的意识。 So the emphasis is on cooperation rather than competition throughout most of this process “所以大部分这一过程中强调合作而不是竞争。 ”因此， D项是正确的，其他在文章中没有提到，不符合题意。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对具体句子意思的理解。 The old authoritarian(要绝对服从的 ) methods of education were discredited(不被认可 )rath
34、er a long time agoso much so that many people now think that they have gone too far in the direction of trying to make children happy and interested rather than giving them actual instruction这句话应理解为： “绝对服从的教育方式很久以前就不被认可了，甚至于现在许多人认为在让孩子们感到快乐有趣的方向上偏离太远，还应该给 他们一些实际的指导。 ”从以上理解我们可以判断，某些美国人抱怨初等教育的原因在于忽视了应
35、该给孩子们一些实际的指导。因此，正确答案是 D。前三项都不是抱怨的原因，而是当前初等教育所提倡的。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对全文基调的把握，即作者的态度问题。作者从利弊两方面对美国初等教育作了介绍。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对细节的理解。文中 So the emphasis is on cooperation rather than competition throughout most of this process “所以大部分这一过程中强调合作而不是竞争。 ”依据以上句子可判断， C为正
36、确选项。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题是词义题，考查考生根据上下文对具体词语的理解。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 【知识模块】 观点态度题 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对细节的把握。答案在文章的最后两句话： Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the
37、earth因此焚烧垃圾可以解决两个问题：能源短缺，占用土地。 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章最后两段的把 握。文章第四段谈到：焚烧垃圾产生的热量可以烧水，产生的蒸气可以发电，也可以给大楼供热，但是没有谈到焚烧的垃圾会变成矿物燃料。显然 A项不是燃烧垃圾的结果。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对全文意思的整体把握。 A对应文章倒数第二段的内容， B项对应文章第三段第三句内容， c对应文章最后一段内容。而 D则与原文相反，最后两段就是把垃圾作为一种能源的可行的实践。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查对作者的态 度问题的把握。从整篇文章意思结合文章结构分析中，可以看出作者持赞成的态度。所以选 C。 【知识模块】 观点态度题 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对全文主旨的整体把握。同样从整篇文章意思结合文章结构分析中文章的标题应当是 GarbageEnergy Source。 【知识模块】 观点态度题
