1、雅思（听力）历年真题试卷汇编 31及答案与解析 一、 Listening Module (30 minutes however, instead of paying with money, registered users instead exchange their purchase for an item of similar value. This part is perhaps the most complicated, as the registered users themselves must mutually decide on an appropriate value, wi
2、th value either being the recommended retail price (RRP), or simply how much they believe the item to be worth. The website has been founded by a group of four 11friends in the north of England. Originally they exchanged their belongings among family members. They frequently found themselves swappin
3、g their belongings when they no longer had any use for them. They live by the motto one persons trash is another persons treasure, and hate to throw things away. As more and more people caught wind of the idea and wanted to participate in the exchanges, the group decided that the idea had the potent
4、ial to become a successful business venture, and so it did. BarterOnlineUK is a start-up online business, which took 3 months to set up and has now been running for 12around half a year. Despite only being founded a short time ago, the website has already garnered about 131,500 registered users, wit
5、h 500 more than expected, a huge achievement for the founders. Some of the users are registered in the United Kingdom and Canada, with the majority from 14the Republic of Ireland. In order to become a registered member, users must first fill in their personal details followed by their credit or debi
6、t card details, which will be used to take payment of a monthly fee of 5. As long as this fee is paid, users will be able to perform an unlimited number of online exchanges. 15/16A multitude of items are sold on the website, such as textbooks, soft toys, and tools, however books for children and com
7、puter games are by far selected most. The exchange process itself is not as complicated as it might seem, users can enter their preferences for what they would like to receive, and also explicitly state what they would like to give away, and the website will automatically pair up suitable users. If,
8、 however, a user doesnt want to give anything away, but would simply like to buy something, BarterOnlineUK does support a secure online payment system where users can perform a normal monetary transaction. Despite this, the founding group strongly discourages the use of the online payment system, cl
9、early stating that this goes against the intended ethos of the company. Although bartering is an age-old process, many of the websites users are unsure how to decide which of their own items to exchange. It often helps to order items by popularity using the filter button provided, this will tell the
10、 website to find out 17popular items for users convenience. To this, the founding members say just put everything you dont want on there, different people have different 18tastes, and you never know what they might be looking for! In order to aid registered users in their exchanges, and to provide t
11、hem with assurance, the founders recently added a new feature whereby on completion of an exchange, users will be encouraged to provide each other with 19feedback. This feedback will include criteria such as the quality of the item as compared with how it was advertised, the ease of communication wi
12、th the seller, the 20speed at which the item was delivered, and so on. The friends believe that using this method, users will have a more transparent and trustworthy bartering experience. fade out 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考点句为 “The website has been founded by a group of four friends in the north of Engl
13、and”，故选 B。 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据 “BarterOnlineUKhas now been running for around half a year”作答，这里的 running意为 “经营 ”，是题千中 operated的同义替换词，故本题选 C。 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据定位词定位至 “the website has already garnered about 1,500 registered users”，这里的 garnered意为 “获得 ”，因此网站已有 1500名注册用户，故选 B。 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 定位
14、至 “Some of the users are registered in the United Kingdom and Canada， with the majority from the Republic of Ireland”， majority在题干中同义替换成了 the most，本题答案为 A。 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题需要理解出题句 “A multitude of items are sold on the website，such as textbooks， soft toys， and tools， however books for children a
15、nd computer games are by far selected most (网站上出售的物品种类众多，如教材、毛绒玩具、工具等，但目前选购儿童读物和电脑游戏的最多 )”，故最受欢迎的是 books for children和 computer games，对应选项 A和 C。 16 【正确答案】 C 17 【 正确答案】 popular 【试题解析】 本题定位词 sort out是原文中 find out的同义替换，原文为 “this will tell the website to find out popular items for usersconvenience”，故填po
16、pular。 18 【正确答案】 taste 【试题解析】 根据 “different people have different tastes” ，可得此处填taste。 19 【正确答案】 feedback 【试题解析】 定位至 “the founders recently added a new feature whereby on completion of an exchange, users will be encouraged to provide each other with feedback” ，其中 provide同义替换了题干中的 give一词，句中的核心名词feedb
17、ack即为答案。 20 【正确答案】 speed 【试题解析】 听完 ease of communication后 ，接下来的 “the speed at which the item was delivered” 为本题考点句，故答案为 speed。 20 【听力原文】 Tom: Professor Tomlinson, may Annie and I please quickly ask you a few questions about the reflective journal assignment? Its just that were a bit confused as to w
18、hat you want us to include and discuss. Prof. Tomlinson: Yes of course, what are you having trouble with? Annie: Well, everything really. To start with, what should be included first in the reflective journal? Perhaps suggestions from others? Prof. Tomlinson: No no, 21firstly you should include the
19、study goals you set yourself at the beginning of the module. This section should have been discussed in some detail towards the beginning of the course by Professor May. You should be able to find her suggestions on the slides she has provided the class online. Annie: Okay, thank you, Professor. Cou
20、ld I also trouble you to take a brief look at my bibliography and footnotes? I feel like theyre missing something; most of our friends bibliographies are longer. Prof. Tomlinson: Well, looking at this Annie, 22I can see that you have used a wide range of resources, which shows that you have made eff
21、ective use of communication technology. As far as I can tell, you need not make any changes to this, although you might want to double check that your referencing complies with the Harvard Referencing Style regulations. Annie: Oh Im very surprised youve said that! Thank you, now I can set my mind at
22、 ease. Tom, you said you wanted to ask the Professor about the achievements section? Tom: Ah yes, Professor, in the assignment guidelines, we are asked to introduce and elaborate on our biggest achievement in the past, saying which skills we learnt in the process, and how these skills can be transfe
23、rred to various different future careers. The only problem is that I dont know what my greatest achievement actually is. Ive only ever worked as a waiter in a hotel restaurant during the summer holidays from university. Prof. Tomlinson: If you worked as a waiter in a hotel restaurant, youre bound to
24、 have worked with other waiters as part of a team. Would you say that during your time as a waiter, you developed any leadership skills? Tom: 23Yes, well I suppose I was asked to become the team leader of the food and beverage department. But thats hardly an achievement. Prof. Tomlinson: You might n
25、ot think so, but if you write that you were offered the position of the team leader, it shows a lot more about your character, for example that youre charismatic and work well in a high-pressure situation. Tom: I never would have thought to write that down, thank you! 24I guess I should start listen
26、ing to others more often! Annie, do you have any more questions or are you ready to go back to the library? Annie: Yeah, I think Ive got everything I need. Thank you very much, Professor Tomlinson! Tom and Annie alone Tom: That was really helpful. 25Im actually starting to look forward to writing th
27、is now, and it should be a really useful exercise to prepare us for writing CVs and applying for jobs. Its shocking how bad I am at identifying my strengths and weaknesses. 26Professor Tomlinson has shown me that I definitely need to start displaying some self-awareness! Annie: Yeah, Tom, you really
28、 do. Youre always so modest! Modesty is great until it comes to applying for jobs! Annie: Oh no! I forgot to ask the professor about the section on identifying the skills gained through different activities, do you remember? When it asks you, for example, whether writing an essay develops your study
29、 skills or your independent learning and so on? Tom: Oh goodness, we really should have asked him that. Ive been having trouble with it too. It just seems like such a pointless task. What do you reckon the answers are? Annie: Hmm.27I think writing an essay might be a way of identifying and resolving
30、 a problem, because you have to state the problem in the introduction and then solve it. Im not so sure about taking exams.I thought they were supposed to develop lots of different skill sets. If I really had to choose, 28Id say that taking exams enables you to become more confident in yourself.do y
31、ou agree? Tom: Maybe, I really dont know either. What do you think about the last two? Making class notes and presentation notes? Annie: Oh its so difficult! 29I think making class notes has to be a way of becoming a more independent learner because you yourself decide what the important information
32、 is and learn it. That reminds me, 30I find taking presentation notes is a disaster! The professors speak much too quickly, and I write much too slowly, fade out 21 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题三个选项的核心词分别为： A topics； B study aims C suggestions，定位至出题句 “firstly you should include the study goals you set yourself
33、 at the beginning of the module” 。 study goals在选项中被同义替换成了study aims，故本题选 B。 22 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题出题 句为 “I can see that you have used a wide range of resources， which shows that you have made effective use of communication technology (我看出你使用了各种资源，这也显示出你充分地利用了通信技术 )”，故 C为答案。 23 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据 “Yes
34、， well I suppose I was asked to become the team leader of the food and beverage department (我曾被委任为食品饮料部的组长 )”， team leader在选项中被同义替换成了 lead a team，故本题选 B。 24 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题出题句为 “I guess I should star listening to others more often!(我想我该多听听其他人的想法 )”，故本题选 C。 25 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据 “Im actually start
35、ing to look forward to writing this now”可看出 mans attitude，故本题选 B。 26 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 定位至 “Professor Tomlinson has shown me that I definitely need to start displaying some self-awareness!”这里 displaying一词是 shown的同义替换，故本题选 A。 27 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 定位至 “I think writing an essay might be a way of identifyin
36、g and resolving a problem， because you have to state the problem in the introduction and then solve it (我认为写论文是发现问题和解决问题的一个方法，因为需要在介绍中阐明问题，之后解决问题。 )”，故 writing an essay对应 A。 28 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 定位至 “Id say that taking exams enables you to become more confident in yourself ”， become more confident也就是
37、gain confidence，对应 D。 29 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 定位至 “I think making class notes has to be a way of becoming a more independent learner”，因此 making class notes对应 B。 30 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 定位至 “I find taking presentation notes is a disaster!”女生认为记展示类笔记是一场灾难，言外之意就是觉得很难，因此对应 E选项。 30 【听力原文】 Welcome back to my series
38、 of short lectures on apes. Today we will examine recent and historical breakthroughs on the behaviour of chimpanzees, otherwise known as chimps. The word chimpanzee is an umbrella term for two different species of apes in the genus Pan, which are the Common Chimpanzee, or Pan Troglodytes, found in
39、West and Central Africa, and the Bonobo, or Pan Paniscus, which are found in the forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Chimpanzees belong to the Hominidae family, together with gorillas, orangutans and indeed humans. Current research tells us that the chimps broke away from the human bran
40、ch of the Hominidae family approximately six million years ago, and remain the closest living relative to humans to this day. More modern researches into chimpanzees have centred on their behavioural characteristics, once all biological and 31genetic factors have been ruled out. In this way, scienti
41、sts have unearthed an unfathomable amount of similarities between human and chimpanzee behaviour. Although much of this research has taken place through observation of captive chimps, the results are widely seen as an authoritative reflection of chimps living in the wild. Chimps live in large so-cal
42、led communities comprised of many male and female members, with the social hierarchy determined by an individual chimps position and influence. Through such research, scientists have found that chimps learn and adapt through 32observation of others behaviour. Once in power, the alpha male is often s
43、een to alter its body language in order to retain power, for example he might puff himself up in order to intimidate others, while lower-ranking chimps are noted to behave more submissively and holding out their hands while grunting. Female chimpanzees also have a distinct social hierarchy, with hig
44、h social standing inherited by children. It is not unheard of for dominant females within a community to unite and overthrow the alpha male, backing another in his place. James Diamond, in his book The Third Chimpanzee suggests that chimps should now be reclassified in the genus Homo, instead of Pan
45、, and there are many arguments still in favour of this. Male common chimpanzees are on average 1.7 metres in height, weighing 70kg, with their female counterparts being somewhat smaller. By comparison, the Bonobo is slightly shorter and lighter, but with longer arms and legs; however, both species w
46、alk on all fours, and climb trees with great ease. Jane Goodall made a groundbreaking discovery in 1960, when she observed the use of 33tools among chimpanzees, including digging for termites with large sticks. A recent study claimed to reveal that common chimpanzees in Senegal have been using spear
47、s sharpened with their teeth to hunt; however these reports remain unsubstantiated. Researchers have witnessed such tools, namely rocks, being used by chimps to 34open coconut shells and indeed crushing nuts with 35stone hammers. As scientific technology has developed, so too has our knowledge of th
48、e sheer extent of the chimps intelligence. Research has now shown that chimps have the capability to learn and use 36symbols, and understand aspects of the human language, including syntax as well as numerical sequences. As I mentioned earlier, the umbrella term chimpanzee is comprised of the common
49、 chimpanzee and the bonobo. These two sub-species are divided along the Congo River, with the common chimps living on one side, and the bonobos living on the opposite side of the 37river. Over the past few decades, both of these sub-species have witnessed an alarming decrease in population 38density, with animal activists now working harder than ever to protect those remaining and encourage procreation. In addition, next weeks episode will focus more closely on how chimpa
