1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 96及答案与解析 一、 Reading Module (60 minutes) 0 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Seed vault guards resources for the future Fiona Harvey paid a visit to a building whose contents are very precious. About 1,000 km from the North Pol
2、e, Svalbard is one of the most remote places on earth. For this reason, it is the site of a vault that will safeguard a priceless component of our common heritage - the seeds of our staple crops. Here, seeds from the worlds most vital food crops will be locked away for hundreds or even thousands of
3、years. If something goes wrong in the world, the vault will provide the means to restore farming. We, or our descendants, will not have to retread thousands of years of agriculture from scratch.Deep in the vault at the end of a long tunnel, are three storage vaults which are lined with insulated pan
4、els to help maintain the cold temperatures. Electronic transmitters linked to a satellite system monitor temperature, etc. and pass the information back to the appropriate authorities at Longyearbyen and the Nordic Gene Bank which provide the technical information for managing the seed vaults.The se
5、eds are placed in sealed boxes and stored on shelves in the vaults.The minimal moisture level and low temperature ensure low metabolic activity.The remote location, as well as the rugged structure, provide unparalleled security for the worlds agricultural heritage.The three vaults are buried deep in
6、 the hillside. To reach them, it is necessary to proceed down a long and surprisingly large corridor. At 93.3 metres in length, it connects the 26-metre long entrance building to the three vaults, each of which extends a further 27 metres into the mountain.Towards the end of this tunnel, after about
7、 80 metres, there are several small rooms on the right-hand side. One is a transformer room to which only the power company officials have access - this houses the equipment needed to transform the incoming electrical current down to 220 volts. A second is an electrical room housing controls for the
8、 compressor and other equipment.The other room is an office which can be heated to provide comfortable working conditions for those who will make an inventory of the samples in and out of the vault.Anyone seeking access to the seeds has to pass through four locked doors: the heavy steel entrance doo
9、rs, a second door approximately 90 metres down the tunnel and finally the two keyed doors separated by an airlock, from which it is possible to proceed directly into the seed vaults. Keys are coded to allow access to different levels of the facility.A work of art will make the vault visible for mile
10、s around.The vault entrance is filled with highly reflective sheets of steel and mirrors which form an installation acting as a beacon. It reflects polar light in the summer months, while in the winter, a network of 200 fibre-optic cables will give the piece a muted greenish-turquoise and white ligh
11、t.Cary Fowler, the mastermind behind the vault, stands inside the echoing cavern. For him, this is the culmination of nearly 30 years of work. Its an insurance policy, he explains, a very cheap insurance policy when you consider what were insuring -the earths biological diversity.Seeds are being bro
12、ught here from all over the world, from seed banks created by governments, universities and private institutions. Soon, there will be seed varieties from at least 100 crops in the Svalbard vault - extending to examples of all of the 1.5 million known crop seed varieties in the world. If any more are
13、 unearthed, either in the wild or found in obscure collections, they can be added, too - the vault has room for at least 4.5 million samples.Inside the entrance area it is more than 10 C below freezing, but in the chambers where the seeds are kept, refrigerators push down the temperature even furthe
14、r, to -18 C. At this temperature, which will be kept constant to stop the seeds germinating or rotting, the wheat seeds will remain viable for an estimated 1,700 years, the barley for 2,000 years and the sorghum for 20,000 years.Svalbards Arctic conditions will keep the seeds cold. In order to maint
15、ain the temperature at a constant -10 C to -20 C, the cold Arctic air will be drawn into the vault during the winter, automatically and without human intervention.The surrounding rock will maintain the temperature requirements during the extremely cold season and, during warmer periods, refrigeratio
16、n equipment will engage. Looking out across the snow-covered mountains of Svalbard, it is hard not to feel respect for the 2,300 or so people who live here, mainly in Longyearbyen, a village a few miles away.There are three months without light in winter.Svalbard is intended as the seed bank of last
17、 resort. Each sample is made up of a few hundred seeds, sealed inside a watertight package which will never be tampered with while it is in the vault. The packages of seeds remain the property of the collections they have come from. Svalbard will disburse samples only if all the other seeds in other
18、 collections around the world are gone, explains Fowler. If seeds do have to be given out, those who receive them are expected to germinate them and generate new samples, to be returned to the vault.Questions 1-6Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER from the passage for e
19、ach answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 ? In boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GI
20、VEN if there is no information on this 7 The vault has the capacity to accommodate undiscovered types of seed at a later date. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 8 There are different levels of refrigeration according to the kinds of seeds stored. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 9 During winter, the flow of air
21、entering the vault is regularly monitored by staff. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 10 There is a back-up refrigeration system ready to be switched on if the present one fails. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 11 The people who work at Svalbard are mainly locals. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 12 Once a seed packa
22、ge is in the vault, it remains unopened. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 13 If seeds are sent from Svalbard to other banks, there is an obligation for the recipient to send replacements back. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 13 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1426, which are based on Reading Pas
23、sage 2 below. WHAT COOKBOOKS REALLY TEACH US A Shelves bend under their weight of cookery books. Even a medium-sized bookshop contains many more recipes than one person could hope to cook in a lifetime. Although the recipes in one book are often similar to those in another, their presentation varies
24、 wildly, from an array of vegetarian cookbooks to instructions on cooking the food that historical figures might have eaten. The reason for this abundance is that cookbooks promise to bring about a kind of domestic transformation for the user. The daily routine can be put to one side and they libera
25、te the user, if only temporarily. To follow their instructions is to turn a task which has to be performed every day into an engaging, romantic process. Cookbooks also provide an opportunity to delve into distant cultures without having to turn up at an airport to get there. B The first Western cook
26、book appeared just over 1,600 years ago. De re coquinara(it means concerning cookery)is attributed to a Roman gourmet named Apicius. It is probably a compilation of Roman and Greek recipes, some or all of them drawn from manuscripts that were later lost. The editor was sloppy, allowing several dupli
27、cated recipes to sneak in. Yet Apiciuss book set the tone of cookery advice in Europe for more than a thousand years. As a cookbook it is unsatisfactory with very basic instructions. Joseph Vehling, a chef who translated Apicius in the 1930s, suggested the author had been obscure on purpose, in case
28、 his secrets leaked out. C But a more likely reason is that Apiciuss recipes were written by and for professional cooks, who could follow their shorthand. This situation continued for hundreds of years. There was no order to cookbooks: a cake recipe might be followed by a mutton one. But then, they
29、were not written for careful study. Before the 19th century few educated people cooked for themselves. The wealthiest employed literate chefs; others presumably read recipes to their servants. Such cooks would have been capable of creating dishes from the vaguest of instructions. D The invention of
30、printing might have been expected to lead to greater clarity but at first the reverse was true. As words acquired commercial value, plagiarism exploded. Recipes were distorted through reproduction. A recipe for boiled capon in The Good Huswives Jewell, printed in 1596, advised the cook to add three
31、or four dates. By 1653, when the recipe was given by a different author in A Book of Fruits she elevated it to the status of science. Progress in civilisation has been accompanied by progress in cookery, she breezily announced in The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book, before launching into a collectio
32、n of recipes that sometimes resembles a book of chemistry experiments. She was occasionally over-fussy. She explained that currants should be picked between June 28th and July 3rd, but not when it is raining. But in the main her book is reassuringly authoritative. Its recipes are short, with no unne
33、cessary chat and no unnecessary spices. I In 1950 Mediterranean Food by Elizabeth David launched a revolution in cooking advice in Britain. In some ways Mediterranean Food recalled even older cookbooks but the smells and noises that filled Davids books were not mere decoration for her recipes. They
34、were the point of her books. When she began to write, many ingredients were not widely available or affordable. She understood this, acknowledging in a later edition of one of her books that even if people could not very often make the dishes here described, it was stimulating to think about them. D
35、avids books were not so much cooking manuals as guides to the kind of food people might well wish to eat. Questions 14-16 Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 14-16 on your answer sheet. Why are there so many cookery
36、books? There are a great number more cookery books published than is really necessary and it is their【 R14】 _which makes them differ from each other. There are such large numbers because they offer people an escape from their【 R15】 _and some give the user the chance to inform themselves about other【
37、 R16】 _ 14 【 R14】 15 【 R15】 16 【 R16】 16 Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 17-21 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 17 cookery books providing a sense of stability during periods of unrest 18 details in recipes be
38、ing altered as they were passed on 19 knowledge which was in danger of disappearing 20 the negative effect on cookery books of a new development 21 a period when there was no need for cookery books to be precise 21 Look at the following statements(Questions 22-26)and list of books(A-E)below. Match e
39、ach statement with the correct book, A-E. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet. List of cookery books A De re coquinara B The Book of Household Management C Le Guide Culinaire D The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book E Mediterranean Food 22 Its recipes were easy to follow
40、despite the writers attention to detail. 23 Its writer may have deliberately avoided passing on details. 24 It appealed to ambitious ideas people have about cooking. 25 Its writer used ideas from other books but added additional related information. 26 It put into print ideas which are still respect
41、ed today. 26 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Is there more to video games than people realise? Many people who spend a lot of time playing video games insist that they have helped them in areas like confidence-building, presentation s
42、kills and debating. Yet this way of thinking about video games can be found almost nowhere within the mainstream media, which still tend to treat games as an odd mix of the slightly menacing and the alien. This lack of awareness has become increasingly inappropriate, as video games and the culture t
43、hat surrounds them have become very big business indeed. Recently, the British government released the Byron report into the effects of electronic media on children. Its conclusions set out a clear, rational basis for exploring the regulation of video games. The ensuing debate, however, has descende
44、d into the same old squabbling between partisan factions: the preachers of mental and moral decline, and the innovative game designers. In between are the gamers, busily buying and playing while nonsense is talked over their heads. Susan Greenfield, renowned neuroscientist, outlines her concerns in
45、a new book. Every individuals mind is the product of a brain that has been personalised by the sum total of their experiences; with an increasing quantity of our experiences from very early childhood taking placeon screenrather than in the world, there is potentially a profound shift in the way chil
46、drens minds work. She suggests that the fast-paced, second-hand experiences created by video games and the Internet may inculcate a worldview that is less empathetic, more risk-taking and less contemplative than what we tend to think of as healthy. Greenfields prose is full of mixed metaphors and se
47、lf-contradictions and is perhaps the worst enemy of her attempts to persuade. This is unfortunate, because however much technophiles may snort, she is articulating widely held fears that have a basis in fact. Unlike even their immediate antecedents, the latest electronic media are at once domestic a
48、nd work-related, their mobility blurring the boundaries between these spaces, and video games are at their forefront. A generational divide has opened that is in many ways more profound than the equivalent shifts associated with radio or television, more alienating for those unfamiliar with new tech
49、nologies, more absorbing for those who are. So how do our lawmakers regulate something that is too fluid to be fully comprehended or controlled? Adam Martin, a lead programmer for an online games developer, says: Computer games teach and people dont even notice theyre being taught. But isnt the kind of learning that goes on in games rather narrow? A large part of the addictiveness of games does come from the fact that as you play you are mastering a set of challenges. But humanitys larger understanding of the world comes primarily through
