1、高级口译（笔试）模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Re
2、member you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 In many cultures, traditional families, that is, married couples with children,【 C1】 _. Until a decade ago, that was also the case in the United States. But the U.S. Bureau of Census reports people in more than【 C2】 _now live in some other arrangements.
3、For the first time in history, the number of Americans living alone has【 C3】 _of historically dominant householdsmarried couples with children. In 1960, 45% of American households【 C4】 _with children. Today it is less than 25%. In the past 10 years, the number of【 C5】 _has grown faster than the numb
4、er of family households. But the【 C6】 _that the American【 C7】 _. Although the rate of married-with-children household is still declining, it is declining【 C8】 _than during the 1960s and 1970s, and married couples with or without children still【 C9】 _all American households. What really should be not
5、ed is actually【 C10】 _in a lot of the numbers in the past 10 years, compared to the structure of households 20 or 30 years before. And for example, in 1960, if we go back 47 years,【 C11】 _were married-couple households. The number【 C12】 _in 1970, and down to 60% in 1980. But then over the past two d
6、ecades, the rate of decline has slowed down quite a bit: it went down to【 C13】 _and 52% in 2000. The number of【 C14】 _is declining for several reasons. More than ever before, men and women are【 C15】 _. Also the number of【 C16】 _is growing much faster than the number of married couples. The 2000 cens
7、us shows that【 C17】 _. First the aging of the American population and the growing number of both young and old people living alone are the main reasons the average American household【 C18】 _, just over two and a half people per household. Some sociologists fear that the growing number of one-person
8、households means【 C19】 _. Others see it as a sign of prosperity and an【 C20】_. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 Part B Listening Comprehension Directio
9、ns: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of t
10、he answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） Near New York City. （ B） Near Richmond Virginia. （ C） Los Angeles. （ D） Near Washington. （ A） Noise pollution. （ B） Litter pollution. （ C） Water pollution. （ D） Air pollution. （ A） The Federal Exchange Commission. （ B）
11、 The Environmental Protection Agency. （ C） The United States Congress. （ D） The President. （ A） The Environmental Protection Agency. （ B） The President. （ C） The United States Congress. （ D） The Federal Aviation Administration. （ A） To discuss medical aid to England. （ B） To arrange effective aid to
12、 the island country. （ C） To pass on a recent message to the Queen. （ D） To work out a plan for mutual defense. （ A） To make the “Lend-lease“ plan operate effectively. （ B） To realize the America desire to aid Britain. （ C） To convince the general public that American moral support to Britain was cr
13、ucial. （ D） To create a favorable public opinion on Americas good intentions. （ A） Hopkins was a good speech writer. （ B） Hopkins knew the psychology of the British people. （ C） Hopkins was an eloquent speaker. （ D） Hopkins knew what the Americans liked to hear. （ A） Churchill asked Hopkins to spend
14、 the weekend with him at his country villa. （ B） Churchill gave a dinner party to see him off. （ C） Churchill had a hat specially made and gave it to Hopkins as a present. （ D） Churchill went to Hopkins hotel room to have a photo taken with him. （ A） The reception hall of great country house. （ B） A
15、 rich persons home. （ C） The great hall or reception room in a caste or palace. （ D） A disreputable meeting place. （ A） In 1699. （ B） In 1728. （ C） In 1815. （ D） In 1841. （ A） A literary/cultural institution. （ B） A reception gallery. （ C） A meeting place for celebrities. （ D） A meeting place for un
16、cultured men. （ A） Salon is definitely a low-culture establishment. （ B） Salon was popularized by the realistic writers in England. （ C） Salon is usually associated with very high cultural connotations in English. （ D） Salon continued to be used in more sophisticated literary works until the 19th ce
17、ntury. （ A） Car bomb. （ B） Gun-shooting. （ C） Plane crash. （ D） A fare. （ A） America. （ B） Greece. （ C） Italy. （ D） Israel. （ A） None. （ B） One. （ C） Two. （ D） Three. （ A） Jordan. （ B） Baghdad. （ C） America. （ D） Ramula. （ A） One hour. （ B） One and a half hours. （ C） Two hours. （ D） Three hours. （ A
18、） The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants. （ B） The exhaustion of energy resources. （ C） The destruction of oil wells. （ D） The spread of the black powder from the fares. （ A） The underground oil resources have not been affected. （ B） Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to s
19、urvive. （ C） The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating. （ D） The underground water resources have not been polluted. （ A） To restore the production of oil wells. （ B） To estimate the losses caused by the fires. （ C） To remove the oil left in the desert. （ D） To use the oil left in the oil
20、lakes. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implie
21、d in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 The ability to negotiate successfully, to reach agreements with other people or parties, is a key skill in any business. This negotiation could be with a buyer or seller and it
22、 almost always involves an element of compromise. But, when entering negotiations, you should always keep in mind that it is almost impossible to negotiate and make agreements successfully if you think you cant afford to “lose“ or walk away from what is on offer. This will result in your avoiding as
23、king for anything more than what you think the other side will give without a dispute. You become a passive observer, with the other side dictating the terms. In most negotiations one side has more to offer than the other and proper planning can help minimize the effects of this imbalance. Decide on
24、 set limits for what you can offer before negotiations begin. There are always advantages you can offer the other side, and you clearly have benefits they want or need or they would not be negotiating with you. In fact, the buyer or seller often wants you more than you think, so it is to your advant
25、age to try and see things from their point of view. The better you know their real needs or wantsnot just the ones they have told youthe more successful you will be, and the less likely you are to fall into the trap of giving them more than you really need to. But it is also true that a concession t
26、hey really need or will value from you wont cost you as much as it benefits them, and yet may still leave you with everything you want. If you know the other side must reach agreement on a deal by a certain date for financial reasons, your willingness to comply with that date could be worth a great
27、deal of money to them, without costing you much, if anything at all. It is up to you to find out what the other side really needs. Untrained negotiators often allow their feelings to become too involved and they may take each rejection of a proposal as personal rejection. So they become angry with t
28、he other person, or blame them for failing to reach an agreement. While it is important to be yourself and, on occasion, not be afraid to express how you honestly feel, it is important to judge carefully when to do this. It is particularly important to maintain a polite and friendly personal relatio
29、nship when you are facing a difficult negotiation, but keeping negative personal feelings out of negotiation doesnt mean hiding your personality. Think carefully about your negotiation schedule. Take breaks, particularly during times when you cannot agree over a particular point. But if you have to
30、continue the negotiation on another day, make it soon, and keep the momentum of the negotiations. As long as you are still talking and meeting, you build rapport with the other party; learn more about what they need and ensure that your company is the one most likely to make the deal. This may requi
31、re both patience and perseverancebut patience pays! To “win“ a negotiation then, means that neither side should feel that they have “lost“. You should know what you can offer the other side and know exactly what they want. If you have done everything you can and the deal remains outside the limits y
32、ou have defined for yourself beforehand, then walk away from it. Either way, youre a winner! 41 Why does the writer suggest that you put yourself in the other sides position? （ A） Because they may have lied about what they want. （ B） In order to avoid being trapped into making a deal you cannot chan
33、ge. （ C） Because it is likely that they have more to offer than you do. （ D） In order to be able to see your real value to them. 42 The writer says that one advantage of making a concession to the other side is that _ . （ A） you will be able to get something from them in return （ B） it will please t
34、hem without any inconvenience to you （ C） the other party will be more willing to meet deadlines （ D） you will make more money on the deal 43 The writer feels that expressing personal feelings _ . （ A） is especially beneficial when negotiations are going badly （ B） may result in bad decisions being
35、made （ C） often leads to anger during negotiations （ D） may be positive at certain times 44 What advice does the writer give concerning the negotiating schedule? （ A） Use breaks to discover more about the other partys needs. （ B） If serious disagreement occurs, postpone the meeting until another day
36、. （ C） Dont lose the rhythm of the discussions. （ D） Continue the meeting until you reach an agreement. 45 What important piece of general advice is given in the article as a whole? （ A） Find out about the personalities of the people you will be negotiating with. （ B） When negotiating, be prepared t
37、o offer more than you originally planned. （ C） You shouldnt worry if negotiations break down. （ D） Do not allow your personality to intrude on negotiations. 45 In 1948, Seattle authorities feared that a race riot would break out in a run-down housing area. A thousand families300 of them blackwere ja
38、mmed into temporary barracks built for war workers. Tension was in the air, rumors rife, a stabbing reported. The University of Washington, called on for advice, rushed 25 trained interviewers to the scene. The interviewers went from door to door, trying to discover the extent of racial hatred. They
39、 were surprised to find very little. Ninety percent of the whites and blacks interviewed said that they felt “about the same“ of “more friendly“ toward the other group since moving into the area. What, then, was eating them? These families were angry about the ramshackle buildings, the back-firing k
40、itchen stoves and the terrible roads inside the property. Many were worried about a strike at Boeing Airplane Co. In short, a series of frustrations from other causes had infected the whole community, and could have resulted in a race riot. This case is a dramatic application of a challenging theory
41、 about human behavior exhaustively demonstrated by a group of Yale scientists in an old book, Frustration and Aggression, which has become a classic. Since reading it some years ago, I have met many of my personal problems with better understanding, and gained fresh insight into some big public ques
42、tions as well. A common result of being frustrated, the Yale investigator have shown, is an act of aggression, sometimes violent. To be alive is to have a goal and pursue itanything from cleaning the house, or planning a vacation, to saving money for retirement. If someone or something blocks goal,
43、we begin to feel pent up and thwarted. Then we get mad. The blocked goal, the sense of frustration, aggression actionthis is the normal human sequence. If we are aware of what is going on inside us, however, we can save ourselves a good deal of needless pain and trouble. The aggressive act that frus
44、tration produces may take a number of forms. It may be turned inward against oneself, with suicide as the extreme example. It may hit back directly at the person or thing causing the frustration. Or it may be transferred to another objectwhat psychologists call displacement. Displacement can be dire
45、cted against the dog, the parlor furniture, the family or even total strangers. The classic pattern of frustration and aggression is nowhere better demonstrated than in military life. GIs studied by the noted American sociologist Samuel A. Stouffer in the last war were found to be full of frustratio
46、n due to their sudden loss of civilian liberty. They took it our verbally on the brass, often most unjustly. But in combat, soldiers felt far more friendly toward their officers. Why? Because they could “discharge their aggression directly against the enemy“. Dr. Karl Menninger, of the famous Mennin
47、ger Foundation at Topeka, pointed out that children in all societies are necessarily frustrated, practically from birth, as they are broken into the customs of the tribe. A babys first major decision is “whether to holier or smaller“when it discovers that the two acts cannot be done simultaneously.
48、Children have to be taught habits of cleanliness, toilet behavior, regular feeding, punctuality; habits that too often are hammered in. Grownups with low boiling points, said Dr. Menninger, probably got that way because of excessive frustration in childhood. We can make growing up a less difficult p
49、eriod by giving children more love and understanding. Parents in less “civilized“ societies, Menninger observes, often do this. He quotes a Mohave Indian, discussing his small son. “Why should I strike him? He is small, I am big. He cannot hurt me.“ When we do experience frustration, there are several things we can do to channel off aggression. First, we can try to remove the cause which is blocking our goal. An individual may be able to change his foreman,
