1、高级口译（笔试）模拟试卷 32及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Re
2、member you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 Whats in a surname? You may ask. A new website project has been released, that helps you (1) . Have you ever wondered why your ancestors gathered where they did, or where others with your surname live now? A research project (2) in Britain answers these
3、questions. And another study has found the surnames are (3) . “Smith“, for example, remains the most common surname in Britain. Used by (4) people, it has exactly the same concentration it always did in Lerwick, in the Scottish Shetland Islands. “Jones“ is (5) , and is the most common among hill far
4、mers (6) . The data used for this project comes partly (7) . A number of other files are held by Expairing, which is probably Britains (8) . There re some of us who are fairly predictable. “Campbell“, for example, as you might expect, is somewhat concentrated (9) , and it appears really bizarre to b
5、e found anywhere else. Well, with 25,000 names as (10) , what you can do is put them in general categories, if, for example, you look at (11) . Like the name Webber, you might find it is much more common in the Midlands than (12) . If you go to Wales, most people get their names (13) . And in Yorksh
6、ire for example, a lot of people have names (14) that they originally lived in or at least their ancestors did. Well, we only have 25, 000 names on this website, but therere (15) now found in Britain and they re particularly interesting, for (16) . Most British names are fairly common. And about wha
7、t we can now do as such is look for (17) from different parts of the world and different faiths, (18) . And what there is in names is actually extremely useful, for researchers in (19) may find a lot about (20) now living in this country. Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of th
8、e test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have cho
9、sen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） Corporate executives are confident in the stock market trends. （ B） Investors in general believe that the outlook for profits is worsening. （ C） Some major company executives are selling more shares than buying. （ D） The US stock market is
10、expanding at a 5.6 percent annual rate this year. （ A） To inspect the shuttle for potentially critical heat shield damage. （ B） To rewire the space station for a permanent power source. （ C） To beat the odds to get off the launch pad in the first night-time launch. （ D） To make a fiery ascent that t
11、urns night into day. （ A） 50. （ B） 80. （ C） 150 （ D） 180 （ A） Forty-five women were killed in the blaze at a drug treatment center. （ B） The fire was not caused by arson according to a senior firefighter. （ C） Nine mentally ill patients died in the fire. （ D） People were trapped behind locked gates
12、and barred windows. （ A） Two detectives investigating the case had tested positive for traces of radiation. （ B） The ex-wife and the former mother-in-law of the spy were also poisoned. （ C） The Russian businessman who met the former spy in London has fallen ill. （ D） There is a high degree of probab
13、ility that it is polonium that killed the spy. （ A） How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face. （ B） How to make effective telephone conversations. （ C） What skills are needed to get and hold down a job. （ D） What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself. （ A） Managerial. （ B
14、） Technological. （ C） Financial. （ D） Social. （ A） Basic to advanced knowledge of computer application. （ B） Ability to calculate all transactions, profits and costs. （ C） Creativity in making presentations to clients. （ D） Proficiency in at least one foreign language. （ A） To create your own databa
15、ses on the computer. （ B） To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends. （ C） To use the computer in free time and become familiar with its operation. （ D） To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can. （ A） Graduating students. （ B） Trainee managers. （ C） Professi
16、onal secretaries. （ D） Low-level administrative staff. （ A） Professions and ways we actually wear. （ B） Trends and fashions in clothing. （ C） Fashion designing. （ D） Psychology of clothing. （ A） An awareness of impressing others. （ B） An urge to look smart and trendy. （ C） A conscious act of indicat
17、ing individual taste. （ D） A general feeling of insecurity. （ A） People who are absorbed by other things. （ B） People who are sociable and outgoing. （ C） People with an aggressive personality. （ D） People with a preference for light colors. （ A） The colors of ones clothing. （ B） The length of trouse
18、rs one wears. （ C） Sticking to grey or dark suits. （ D） Wearing outrageous clothing. （ A） Young hairdressers. （ B） Pop music fans. （ C） Minority groups. （ D） Ageing pop stars. （ A） A town built on the concept of new urbanism. （ B） The set of the movie The Truman Show. （ C） The Walt Disney Company in
19、 Central Florida. （ D） An American Studies project at New York University. （ A） Creating environmentally friendly settings. （ B） Planning communities around people rather than automobiles. （ C） Designing towns to encourage interactions between residents. （ D） Going along with practical building tren
20、ds to sprawl. （ A） Performance anxiety among the town folks. （ B） The Disney boardrooms plan of investment. （ C） The very high level of media scrutiny. （ D） A vibrant sense of interaction and participation. （ A） It turned out to be a complete failure for many residents. （ B） It was a big commercial
21、success for project developers. （ C） It evolved in ways exactly as predicted by planners. （ D） It provided a fairly typical American housing landscape. （ A） They are financially capable to make both ends meet living there. （ B） They have high expectations for a quiet community of isolation （ C） Some
22、 are disappointed but many more are happy with the community. （ D） Some have high incomes and others are working class folks. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A
23、, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 On New Years Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went wit
24、hout lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are t
25、hreatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of itthe media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is d
26、evastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africas perennial problem with drought and famine. How so? It co
27、mes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapte
28、d to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan dry-lands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Aust
29、ralian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia
30、, hides from pastoralists herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; the lions share is pocketed by traders. This
31、is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas. Funding bodies such as the World Bank a
32、nd USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didnt work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policie
33、s and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions, that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching model
34、s; and that Africas dry-lands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africas herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, found
35、ers and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themse
36、lves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths. This is all promising, but more needs t
37、o be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing
38、going for them is the growing demand for livestock products, there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks incl
39、ude giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and maln
40、utrition. It is in the rich worlds interests to help out. 41 Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage? （ A） Forcing Africas nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought. （ B） The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people. （
41、 C） The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought. （ D） Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africas pastoralism. 42 The word “encapsulates“ in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africas perennial problem with drought and famine
42、.“ (para. 2) can be replaced by _. （ A） concludes （ B） involves （ C） represents （ D） aggravates 43 What is the authors attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism? （ A） Neutral and indifferent. （ B） Sympathetic and understanding. （ C） Critical and vehement. （ D） Subjecti
43、ve and fatalistic. 44 When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. “ (para. 5), he implies all of the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not _. （ A） have an objective view of the s
44、ituation in Africa （ B） understand the unpredictable weather systems there （ C） feel themselves superior in decision making （ D） care about the development of the local people 45 The authors main purpose in writing this article is _. （ A） to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists （ B）
45、 to give suggestions on the support for the traditional pastoralism in Africa （ C） to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism （ D） to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agencies 45 Over lunch, a writer outlined a new book idea to his editor. It was to be a n
46、iche concern but promised much. The writer left the restaurant with a glow and decided to get an outline over soon. But days and weeks of being too busy turned to months and then, eventually, came the shocking discovery that his editor has been rather elusive of late for a reason: he has been busy c
47、rafting a book based on the writers idea, and it was now in the shops. An apocryphal tale, maybe, but it will send shivers down any writers spine. Whats more, if the writer were to turn to the law in such a dread scenario, the law would be of no use to him at all. Phil Sherrell, a media lawyer with
48、Eversheds, explains: “Intellectual property law protects the expression of ideas, not the ideas themselves.“ Sherrell agrees that “the distinction is not always satisfactory,“ but says that there needs to be a limit to the protection conferred on creativity by the law. “To extend the ambit of copyri
49、ght protection to embrace ideas would be difficult in practicehow would the artist prove that they have conceived the idea if it has not been reduced to a tangible form? It would also open the door to undesirably wide monopolies.“ But copyrights 300-year pedigree might be a cause for concern rather than veneration. The means by which we communicate has changed out of all recognition from the time when copyright was invented. Today, in the post-modernist world, what constitutes an artistic, literary or musical work is radically differ
