1、2001年考研英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【 B1】 the trial o
2、f Rosemary West. In a significant【 B2】 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【 B3】 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【 B4】 and will strictly control the amount of【 B5】 that can be given to a case【 B6】 a trial begins. In a letter to Geral
3、d Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he【 B7】 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【 B8】 sufficient control. 【 B9】 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【 B10】 of media protest when he said the【 B11】 o
4、f privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【 B12】 to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【 B13】 the European Convention on Human Rights legally【 B14】 in Britain, laid down that everybody was【 B15】 to privacy and that publi
5、c figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【 B16】 our British judges“, he said. Witness payments became an【 B17】 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【 B18】 to have received payments for telling
6、their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【 B19】 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【 B20】 guilty verdicts. 1 【 B1】 （ A） as to （ B） for instance （ C） in particular （ D） such as 2 【 B2】 （ A） tightening （ B） intensifying （ C） focusing （ D） fastening 3 【 B3】 （ A
7、） sketch （ B） rough （ C） preliminary （ D） draft 4 【 B4】 （ A） illogical （ B） illegal （ C） improbable （ D） improper 5 【 B5】 （ A） publicity （ B） penalty （ C） popularity （ D） peculiarity 6 【 B6】 （ A） since （ B） if （ C） before （ D） as 7 【 B7】 （ A） sided （ B） shared （ C） complied （ D） agreed 8 【 B8】 （ A）
8、present （ B） offer （ C） manifest （ D） indicate 9 【 B9】 （ A） Release （ B） Publication （ C） Printing （ D） Exposure 10 【 B10】 （ A） storm （ B） rage （ C） flare （ D） flash 11 【 B11】 （ A） translation （ B） interpretation （ C） exhibition （ D） demonstration 12 【 B12】 （ A） better than （ B） other than （ C） rath
9、er than （ D） sooner than 13 【 B13】 （ A） changes （ B） makes （ C） sets （ D） turns 14 【 B14】 （ A） binding （ B） convincing （ C） restraining （ D） sustaining 15 【 B15】 （ A） authorized （ B） credited （ C） entitled （ D） qualified 16 【 B16】 （ A） with （ B） to （ C） from （ D） by 17 【 B17】 （ A） impact （ B） incide
10、nt （ C） inference （ D） issue 18 【 B18】 （ A） stated （ B） remarked （ C） said （ D） told 19 【 B19】 （ A） what （ B） when （ C） which （ D） that 20 【 B20】 （ A） assure （ B） confide （ C） ensure （ D） guarantee 21 If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I _ my head in my hands for a cry. （ A） bury
11、 （ B） am burying （ C） buried （ D） would bury 22 Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. （ A） to announce （ B） announced （ C） announcing （ D） was announced 23 According to one belief, if truth is to b
12、e known it will make itself apparent, so one _ wait instead of searching for it. （ A） would rather （ B） bad to （ C） cannot but （ D） bad best 24 She felt suitably humble just as she _ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed. （ A） had （ B） had
13、 had （ C） would have had （ D） has had 25 There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite _ from leadership of it, would intervene personally. （ A） being resigned （ B） having resigned （ C） going to resign （ D） resign 26 So involved with their computers _ that leaders
14、at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. （ A） became the children （ B） become the children （ C） had the children become （ D） do the children become 27 The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part
15、 of a huge and diverse audience. （ A） everything except （ B） anything but （ C） no less than （ D） nothing more than 28 One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation. （ A） By （ B） In （ C） For
16、 （ D） With 29 Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself. （ A） as （ B） which （ C） that （ D） what 30 Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _ they Christian,
17、Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. （ A） be （ B） being （ C） were （ D） are 31 He is too young to be, able to _ between right and wrong. （ A） discard （ B） discern （ C） disperse （ D） disregard 32 It was no _ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery. （ A） coincidence （ B） convent
18、ion （ C） certainty （ D） complication 33 One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _ follow traffic rules in busy harbors. （ A） cautiously （ B） dutifully （ C） faithfully （ D） skillfully 34 The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indian
19、s but seems to be _ the welfare of his animals. （ A） critical about （ B） indignant at （ C） indifferent to （ D） subject to 35 The chairman of the board _ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ. （ A） compelled （ B） posed （ C） pressed （ D） tempted 36
20、 It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _. （ A） for long （ B） in and out （ C） once for all （ D） by nature 37 Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _ and lack of unity in style. （ A） conflict （ B） confrontati
21、on （ C） disturbance （ D） disharmony 38 The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once （ A） thrived （ B） swelled （ C） prospered （ D） nourished 39 However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _ some of the decline in
22、 the iron and steel industry. （ A） overturn （ B） overtake （ C） offset （ D） oppress 40 Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _. （ A） firm （ B） company （ C） corporation （ D） enterprise 41 When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately re
23、cognizes it as _. （ A） novel （ B） remote （ C） distant （ D） foreign 42 My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _ at a garage sale. （ A） trifled with （ B） scraped through （ C） stumbled upon （ D） thirsted for 43 Some day software will translate both written and spo
24、ken language so well that the need for any common second language could _. （ A） descend （ B） decline （ C） deteriorate （ D） depress 44 Equipment not _ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. （ A） conforming to （ B） consistent with （ C） predominant over （ D） providing for 45
25、As an industry, biotechnology stands to _ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020. （ A） contend （ B） contest （ C） rival （ D） strive 46 The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving _ for the
26、 states and liberty for individuals. （ A） autonomy （ B） dignity （ C） monopoly （ D） stability 47 For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _ as microorganisms. （ A） precisely （ B） instantly （ C） initially （ D） exclusively 48 The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and
27、arrow _, particularly in Western Europe. （ A） obscure （ B） obsolete （ C） optional （ D） overlapping 49 Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _ and needs proving. （ A） spontaneous （ B） hypothetical （ C） intuitive （ D） empirical 50 The future of this company is _: many
28、 of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses. （ A） at odds （ B） in trouble （ C） in vain （ D） at stake Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 51 In less than 30 years time the Star T
29、rek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Re call. (T1)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitor
30、s that will disable them when they offend. (T2)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. According to BTs fu
31、turologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. (T3)Pearson has pieced together work of hundreds of researchers around the wo
32、rld to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into u
33、se between now and 2040. Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computers-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Re
34、call or the Star Trek holodeck“, he says. (T4)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the next century“. Through his research, Pearson is able
35、 to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological
36、advances. A boom in neighbor hood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. (T5)And home appliances will also be come so smart that control
37、ling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage. 51 【 T1】 52 【 T2】 53 【 T3】 54 【 T4】 55 【 T5】 56 Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into sma
38、ller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No cle
39、ar-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur“ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its va
40、lues. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or labora
41、tory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitute
42、s an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate and reflect on the wider geo logica
43、l picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the wide spread introduction of refereeing, first by national jour
44、nals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led
45、 to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under w
46、ay in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 56 The growth speeialisation in the 19th
47、 century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as _. （ A） sociology and chemistry （ B） physics and psychology （ C） sociology and psychology （ D） physics and chemistry 57 We can infer from the passage that _. （ A） there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation （ B） a
48、mateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science （ C） professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community （ D） amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones 58 The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _. （ A） the process of speciali
49、sation and professionalisation （ B） the hardship of amateurs in scientific study （ C） the change of policies in scientific publications （ D） the discrimination of professionals against amateurs 59 The direct reason for specialisation is _. （ A） the development in communication （ B） the growth of professionalisation （ C） the expansion of scientific knowledge （ D） the splitting up of academic societies 60 A great deal of
