1、Designation: D 1173 07Standard Test Method forFoaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1173; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foam-ing properties of surface-active agents as defined in Terminol-ogy D 459. This test
3、method is applicable under limited andcontrolled conditions, but does not necessarily yield informa-tion correlating with specific end uses.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard t
4、o establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents3. Apparatus3.1 PipetThe pipet (Fig. 1) shall be constructed fromstandard-wa
5、ll, chemically resistant glass tubing having thefollowing dimensions: for the bulb, 45 6 1.5 mm outsidediameter; for the lower stem, 7 6 0.5 mm outside diameter.The upper stem shall be constructed to contain a solid-stopper,straight bore, No. 2, standard-taper stopcock having a 2-mmbore and stems 8
6、mm in outside diameter. Both the upper andlower seals of the bulb to the stems shall be hemispherical inshape. The lower stem shall be 60 6 2 mm in length from thepoint of attachment to the bulb and shall contain an orificesealed into the lower end. The orifice shall be constructed fromprecision bor
7、e tubing having an inside diameter of 2.9 6 0.02mm and a length of 10 6 0.05 mm, with both ends groundsquare. The orifice shall have an outside diameter so as to fitsnugly into the lower stem and form a secure seal to the stemwhen heated with a sharp pointed flame in the blow torch. Thepipet shall b
8、e calibrated to contain 200 6 0.2 mL at 20C. Thecalibration mark shall be on the upper stem at least 15 mmbelow the barrel of the stopcock and shall completely encirclethe stem.3.2 ReceiverThe receiver (Fig. 2) shall be constructedfrom standard-wall, chemically resistant glass tubing having anintern
9、al diameter of 50 6 0.8 mm, with one end constricted andsealed to a straight-bore, solid-plug, standard-taper No. 6stopcock having a 6-mm bore and 12-mm stems. The receivershall have three calibration marks which shall completelyencircle the tube. The first mark shall be at the 50-mL point,shall be
10、measured with the stopcock closed, and shall not be onany curved portion of the constriction. The second mark shall1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soapsand Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 onPhysical Testing.Current edition
11、 approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 1173 53(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inf
12、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.FIG. 1 Foam Pipet1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.be at the 250-mL point, and the third mark at a distance of 906 0.5 cm above the 50-mL mark. T
13、he receiver tube shall bemounted in a standard-wall tubular water jacket, having anexternal diameter of not less than 70 mm, fitted with inlet andoutlet connections. The jacket may be attached to the receiverwith rubber stoppers or may be sealed at the top and bottom.The seal at the bottom shall be
14、as close to the barrel of thestopcock as practicable. The assembled receiver and jacketshall be mounted securely in a plumb position and the jacketconnected to a source of water thermostatically maintained at120 6 1F (49 6 0.5C) for circulating through the jacket. Atthe top of the receiver there sha
15、ll be a platform, flush with thetop of the assembly, having a metal plate in which is drilledthree indexing holes circumferentially placed around the re-ceiver and having an angular displacement of 120 from eachother. A clamp, which may be securely attached to the upperpart of the pipet, shall fit i
16、nto the holes. The clamp shall havethree leveling screws and lock nuts and when properlymounted, shall exactly center the pipet in the receiver and bringthe lower tip of the pipet level with the upper calibration markon the receiver. A meter stick shall be fastened to the side orbehind the receiver
17、with the zero point level with the 250-mLcalibration point on the receiver.4. Test Solution4.1 Distilled water, or water of various degrees of hardness,may be used for this test. Preheat the water used for preparingthe solution and add slowly, while stirring vigorously, anamount of the surface-activ
18、e agent that will produce the desiredconcentration. Continue stirring in such a manner as to avoidexcessive foam formation, until solution of the surface-activeagent is homogeneous. Age the solution at a temperature of120F (49C) for a total period of 30 min, counting the timewhen the surface-active
19、agent is first added to the water.5. Procedure5.1 While the surface-active solution is aging, circulatewater at 120F (49C) through the water jacket of the receiverso as to bring it to thermal equilibrium. Rinse down the wallsof the receiver with distilled water and, as an indication ofcleanliness, o
20、bserve whether the water drains down the walls inan unbroken film. At the completion of the aging period closethe stopcock at the bottom of the receiver. Rinse the walls ofthe receiver with 50 mL of the test solution, using a pipet, and,after draining to the bottom of the receiver, adjust the stopco
21、ckso that the level of the solution in the receiver is exactly at the50-mL mark. Fill the foam pipet with the test solution to the200-mL mark, using a slight suction for the purpose. Immedi-ately place it in position at the top of the receiver makingcertain that the lower pipet tip is centered in th
22、e foam receiver(as described in 3.2) and open the stopcock. When all of thesolution has run out of the pipet, start a stop watch, take aninitial foam height reading at t=0 min followed by 1 min and3 min measurements and a final t=5 min reading. Take thereading by measuring the foam production at the
23、 top of thefoam column at the highest average height to which the rim ofthe foam has reached. This height is proportional to the volumeof air remaining in the foam.6. Report6.1 In reporting results by this test, state the concentration ingrams per liter of the test solution, testing temperature, the
24、degree of hardness of the water, the initial t=0 foam height, t=1min, 3 min and the final foam height at t=5 min. It is desirableto conduct this test at a number of concentrations, the lowest ofwhich shall be chosen to show a foam height which shall be nohigher than 20 % of the foam height shown at
25、the highestconcentration.FIG. 2 Foam ReceiverD1173072ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent ri
26、ghts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either fo
27、r revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearin
28、g you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D1173073
