1、Designation: D1239 14Standard Test Method forResistance of Plastic Films to Extraction by Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1239; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method for resistance of plastic films tochemicals covers the measurement of the weight loss of filmafter immersion in
3、chemicals.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.NOTE 2Film is defined as sheeting having nominal thickness notgreater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), in accordance with Terminology D883.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values stated in other units are
4、nominal valuesgiven for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
5、 limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD6899 Guide for Laboratory Cyclic Corrosion Testing ofA
6、utomotive Painted Steel (Withdrawn 2010)33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of technical terms pertain-ing to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology D883.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to be a rapid empirical testto determine the loss of the plasticizer
7、 or other extractablecomponents from the plastic film when immersed in liquidscommonly used in households.5. Apparatus5.1 BalanceAn analytical balance, capable of weighing to0.0001 g.NOTE 3An analytical balance capable of weighing to 0.001 g can beused when the specimen thickness is greater than 0.0
8、5 mm (0.002 in.) andthe extracted weight loss of the specimen exceeds 0.005 g.5.2 ContainersPint jars or cans with a diameter of at least65 mm (2.5 in.) (one container for each specimen).6. Materials6.1 Distilled WaterFreshly prepared distilled or deionizedwater.6.2 Soap Solution (1 %)Dissolve 12 g
9、of dehydrated purewhite soap flakes (dried for1hat105C) in 1200 mL ofdistilled water. This is sufficient solution to test three speci-mens.6.3 Cottonseed OilHousehold cooking grade.6.4 Mineral Oil, USPHeavy grade, sp gr 0.875 to 0.905.6.5 Kerosine.6.6 Ethyl Alcohol (50 %) as described in Test Method
10、 D543.6.7 Any other standard or supplementary reagent listed inTest Method D543.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimens for plastic films shall be in the formof squares 50 6 0.25 mm (2 in.) on each side. At least threespecimens of each sample shall be tested with each chemicalreagent.7.2 Nothing in t
11、his test method precludes the use of speci-mens of other dimensions or the making of other tests on thesame specimens after they have been exposed to the chemicals.Another acceptable specimen is a disk 50 6 0.25 mm (2 in.) indiameter (total area 41.5 cm2), or a tension specimen 100 by 25mm (4 by 1 i
12、n.) as prescribed in Test Methods D882. For suchspecimens, use a proportionate amount of chemical and con-tainer of appropriate dimensions so that the specimen can beimmersed in a completely vertical position during the test. The1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Pl
13、asticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, andMolded Products.Current edition approved May 15, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1239 07. DOI:10.1520/D1239-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
14、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Ch
15、anges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1amount of chemical used shall be approximately 8 mL/cm2,counting the area of both sides of the specimen.NOTE 4Direct comparison of values
16、 should not be made betweensamples of different thicknesses, since percentage weight loss is a functionof thickness.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity fornot less than 40 h prior to test for those tests where condition-
17、ing is required. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be61C (61.8F) and 65 % relative humidity.8.1.1 Note that for some hygroscopic materials, such asnylons, the material specifications (for example, SpecificationD6899) call for testing “dry as-molded specimens.” Suchrequirements take prec
18、edence over the above routine precon-ditioning to 50 % relative humidity and require sealing thespecimens in water vapor-impermeable containers as soon asmolded and not removing them until ready for testing.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73 6 3.6F
19、) and 50 6 10 %relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the materialspecification or by customer requirements. In cases ofdisagreements, the tolerances shall be 61C (61.8F) and65 % relative humidity.9. Procedure9.1 Maintain the chemical reagent at the test temperature forat least 4 h before
20、the specimens are immersed in it.9.2 After weighing them, immerse the specimens in theliquids, one specimen to each container. Each jar shall contain400 mL of the liquid. Suspend the specimen freely in a verticalposition (Note 5), but fully covered by the liquid.NOTE 5To prevent each specimen from f
21、loating or curling, it may benecessary to attach small weights, such as paper clips.9.3 Cover the jars containing the specimens and keep at thetest temperature for the specified time. The standard conditionsof test shall be 24 h at 23C. Alternative conditions suggestedare4hat23C, or either 4 or 24 h
22、 at 40C.NOTE 6The maximum weight loss by extraction is generally limitedto approximately 50 % of the plasticizer content. If, in a comparison ofmaterials, one or several samples have a weight loss greater than 15 %,tests should be made on all samples at a lower temperature or for less time.9.4 Remov
23、e the specimens from the liquids and gently wipewith a soft cloth or absorbent tissue. Specimens taken fromwater or volatile solvents like acetone or gasoline require norinsing, but simply wipe dry as directed; rinse specimens testedin salt solutions, soaps, acids, or alkalis, with water beforewipin
24、g to dryness.9.4.1 Specimens tested in nonvolatile oils require specialconsideration. These specimens are to be rinsed with a solvent,which is volatile and which is a poor solvent for the film, buta good solvent for the oil. If such a solvent is used, it isimportant to make sure that this solvent it
25、self does not causeweight loss from the film. There can be problems in those caseswhere both the film and the nonvolatile oil are nonpolar.Possible solvents to be considered are hexane, heptane, andpetroleum ether.9.5 It is realized that if the immersion chemical is notvolatile, has good adhesion to
26、 the film, and does not attack thefilm, there may be an increase in weight of the specimen at theend of the test. Determine a weight correction by conditioninganother sample of the same film, before immersion, in the samemanner as for the standard test, but immerse the specimens inthe particular che
27、mical for only 5 min and then rinse and wipedry. Add the average percentage weight gain of this blanksample to the average percentage weight loss; if the blanksample has a weight loss by this procedure, do not make anycorrection. If a sample gains more weight than its blank, reportthe difference as
28、a percentage weight gain.10. Calculations10.1 The percentage loss in weight from extraction, ex-pressed as percentage weight loss compared to the originalspecimen weight, shall be calculated as follows:Weight loss, % 5 W12 W2!/W1# 3100 (1)where:W1= weight of specimen after the conditioning period, a
29、ndW2= weight of specimen at the end of the test.Adjust this weight loss as described in 9.5.10.2 The values obtained for the three specimens for per-centage weight loss shall be averaged and this value reported asthe percentage weight loss of the sample being tested.11. Report11.1 The report shall i
30、nclude the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of material tested, includingtype, thickness, source, manufacturers code number, andprevious history,11.1.2 The length of time and temperature for each test,11.1.3 The average and range of percentage weight loss orgain for all specimens from a give
31、n sample at each testcondition, including identification of the chemical, and11.1.4 Any observation as to change in appearance of thespecimens.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Attempts to develop a precision and bias statementhave not been successful. For this reason, data on precision andbias cannot be g
32、iven. Anyone wishing to participate in thedevelopment of precision and bias data should contact theChairman, Subcommittee D20.15, ASTM, 100 Barr HarborDr., W. Conshohocken, PA 19428.13. Keywords13.1 alcohol; chemicals; extraction; film; oil; plastics; soap;waterD1239 142SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D
33、20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D1239 - 07)that may impact the use of this standard. (May 15, 2014)(1) Revised Note 1 to meet requirements of Guide D4968.(2) Revised 8.1 and 8.2, and added 8.1.1 to bring conditioningand testing statements up
34、to specific conditions.(3) Made minor editorial changes to 9.2 and 10.1.(4) Revised 9.4 and added 9.4.1 to clarify the particular needswhen using nonvolatile oils.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this s
35、tandard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be re
36、viewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespons
37、ible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
38、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1239 143
