1、Designation: D1610 01 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forConditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the conditioni
3、ng of all units andspecimens of leather and leather products prior to testing andthe conditions under which they should be tested. This practicedoes not apply to wet blue.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
4、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D1517 Terminology Relating to LeatherE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the
5、 Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 IU Standards:IUP/3 Conditioning23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this practice,refer to Terminology D1517.3.1.2 standard atmospheric conditionsfor leather andleather testing, one of two sets of conditions
6、:(1) a temperature of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F and a relativehumidity of 50 6 4%(2) a temperature of 20 6 2C (68.0 6 3.6F) and a relativehumidity of 65 6 4%.Condition set (1) is used as the standard for leather testing inNorth America and condition set (2) is used as the standard forleather testing in E
7、urope and Japan.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The conditioning prescribed in this practice is designedto obtain reproducible test results on leather and leatherproducts by the standardization of the relative humidity andtemperature conditions to which the leather or leather productis subjected prior
8、to and during testing.5. Significance and Use5.1 Temperature and relative humidity have an influence onmany of the physical properties of leather. Depending onenvironmental conditions the moisture content in leather mayvary significantly. Standardized conditioning in part allows forreliable comparis
9、ons to be made among different leather andleather products, and among different laboratories.6. Apparatus6.1 Room, in which the standard atmosphere is automati-cally maintained.6.2 PsychrometerEither a sling psychrometer, or a station-ary type psychrometer having the air circulated over thethermomet
10、er bulbs.NOTE 1It is preferable to draw air over the thermometer bulb ratherthan blow air, from a fan source, over them. Heat from the fan may causeerrors in the readings.6.3 ThermometersThe thermometers should conform ap-proximately to the following requirements: range 0 to 52C (32to 122 F); gradua
11、tion 0.2C (0.5F). They should be matchedto within 0.1C (0.25F) throughout the range used.NOTE 2Under ordinary conditions, an error of 1 % in relativehumidity corresponds to an error of approximately 0.1C (0.2F) in thewet-bulb depression.6.4 Chamber for maintaining 65 % relative humidityArelative hum
12、idity of 65 6 2 % at 20 6 2C can be maintainedin a closed space by the use of a saturated solution of certainsalts in water (in which the solid phase is present in excess)3ora sulfuric acid solution. The solution should be placed in a1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on L
13、eather andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties. Thispractice was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D161
14、0 07. DOI:10.1520/D1610-01R13.2Journal of the Society of Leather Trades Chemists, Vol XLII, No. 12, pp386387.3Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.; Lange,Handbook of Chemistry, Handbook Publishers; and Wilson, Modern Practice inLeather Manufacture, Reinhold Publishing Co
15、.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1large shallow dish inside the closed vessel. Continuous circu-lation of air inside the vessel is essential. Appropriate saturatedsalt solutions can be prepared from either pure ammonium
16、nitrate or pure sodium nitrate.NOTE 3Creeping of the solid phase in these salt solutions can be madenegligible by applying a thin layer of paraffin wax on the inside wall of theshallow dish.NOTE 4Vegetable-tanned leathers experience a slight change of colorwhen stored over sodium nitrite, but there
17、is no evidence of damage to theleather or any detrimental effect on the physical properties of the leather.4A sulfuric acid solution that is 35.6 % by weight (sp. gr.1.270 20C) is satisfactory. It is necessary to check the sp.gr. of this solution from time to time and to restore it to thevalue 1.270
18、 by appropriate additions of water or concentratedsulfuric acid.7. Calibration7.1 ThermometersThe thermometers used for the determi-nation of the wet- and dry-bulb temperature shall be calibratedagainst a certified standard thermometer and any correctionsfound necessary shall be applied to the readi
19、ngs.NOTE 5Test Method E337 may be used for reference.7.2 Relative HumidityUse either the sling or the stationarypsychrometer to determine the relative humidity of the condi-tioned atmosphere. In both cases, air circulation rate around thethermometer bulbs should be not less than 10 ft (3 m)/s and th
20、eexposure not less than 60 s before readings are taken. Whenusing the sling psychrometer, readings, especially of the wetbulb, shall be taken as quickly as possible after bringing it torest.7.2.1 Using the wet- and dry-bulb readings, determine therelative humidity from psychrometric tables.3NOTE 6Th
21、e wet-bulb temperature, Tw, in degrees Celsius correspond-ing to a relative humidity of 50 % at a given air temperature, t, in degreesCelsius (dry-bulb) and a given barometric pressure, B, in centimetres ofmercury, may be calculated as follows:Tw5 0.82t 2 2.68 2 0.03 76.2 2 B! (1)If t is degrees Fah
22、renheit and B is in inches of mercury then theequation will be as follows:Tw5 0.82t10.72 2 0.15 30 2 B! (2)NOTE 7A hygrothermograph or similar instrument may be used toindicate the approximate temperature and relative humidity of the condi-tioning room. It should be checked for accuracy at frequent
23、intervals, butit shall not be used as a substitute for the thermometer and psychrometerto determine the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere.8. Procedure8.1 Either the prepared test specimen or the unit from whichit is to be cut shall be conditioned.8.2 The conditioning room is to be
24、used for both condition-ing and testing. Suspend each test specimen or unit so that thestandard atmosphere will have free access to all the surfaces.8.3 Time of ConditioningStore the specimens or units inthe standard atmosphere until they reach mass equilibrium.This usually requires from 24 to 75 h,
25、 depending on the leatherand its thickness. The specimens shall have reached equilib-rium when hourly weightings show progressive mass changesnot greater than 0.25 %.8.4 MeasurementsMeasure all dimensions of test speci-mens after conditioning. If the units are conditioned, cut allspecimens from the
26、unit and measure them in the standardatmosphere.9. Report9.1 The report of results of testing shall be accompanied bya statement as to whether or not the specimens were condi-tioned and tested in the standard atmosphere.10. Keywords10.1 conditioning; humidity; leather; preparation for testing;temper
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28、, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional st
29、andardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Co
30、mmittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveadd
31、ress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).4Journal of the Society of Leather Trades Chemists, Vol 48, No. 10, p 377.D1610 01 (Reapproved 2013)2
