1、Designation: D 1623 09Standard Test Method forTensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid CellularPlastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determi
3、nation of the tensileand tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular materials in theform of test specimens of standard shape under definedconditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machinespeed.1.2 Tensile properties shall be measured using any of threetypes of specimens:1.2.1 Type A shall
4、be the preferred specimen in those caseswhere enough sample material exists to form the necessaryspecimen.1.2.2 Type B shall be the preferred specimen when onlysmaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.1.2.3 Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the deter-mination of tensile a
5、dhesive properties of a cellular plastic to asubstrate as in a sandwich panel or the bonding strength of acellular plastic to a single substrate.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are p
6、rovided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaborato
7、ry Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms applying to this test method appearin the Appendix to Test Method D 638.4. Apparatus4.1 Testing MachineA testing machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type, comprising essentially thefollowing:4.1.
8、1 GripsGrips for holding the test specimen shall bethe self-aligning type; that is, they must be attached to the fixedand movable members of the testing machine in such a waythat they will move freely into alignment as soon as any loadis applied, so that the long axis of the test specimen willcoinci
9、de with the direction of the applied pull through thecenter line of the grip assembly. Universal-type joints imme-diately above and below the specimen grips are recommended.The test specimen shall be held in such a way that slippagerelative to the grips is prevented, insofar as possible. For TypeA s
10、pecimens, use a grip assembly like the one shown in Fig. 1and Fig. 2. For Type B specimens, one suitable grip assemblyis shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. For Type C specimen, a suitablegrip assembly is shown in Fig. 5.4.1.2 Load IndicatorUse a load cell or suitable load-indicating mechanism capable of sh
11、owing the total tensile loadexerted on the test specimen when held in the grips. Choose anindicator that will permit precision to within 61%.4.1.3 Extension IndicatorIf measurement of the extensionis desired, use a suitable instrument for determining thedistance between two fixed points on the test
12、specimen, orsimilarly by grip separation or extensometer at any time duringthe test.4.2 Specimen CutterFor Type A specimens, use a suitablelathe cutter (see Fig. 6).5. Test Specimen5.1 All surfaces of the specimen shall be free of large visibleflaws or imperfections. If it is necessary to place gage
13、 marks onthe specimen, do this in such a way as not to affect the surfacesof the test specimen. Gage marks shall not be scratched,punched, or impressed on the specimen.5.2 When testing materials that are suspected to be aniso-tropic, prepare duplicate sets of specimens having their longaxes parallel
14、 and perpendicular to the direction of the cellorientation.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2
15、009. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 1623 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
16、page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Preparation of Type A SpecimensThe recommendedType A test specimen shall conform to the dim
17、ensions given inFig. 7. It shall be prepared by normal molding procedureswherever possible, but the “skin” effect which results cannot beeliminated and will cause a variance in the final result. Anothermethod of preparation of the specimen, which would not havethis objection, is to machine the desir
18、ed geometry on a smalllathe, using a cutter like the one shown in Fig. 6. Insert a 50 by50 by 150-mm (2 by 2 by 6-in.) block of the material to betested into the four-jaw chuck, which was previously centered.Prepare the other end of the block to receive the 60 taperedend of the tailstock center. Set
19、 the lathe at its highest speed.Metric Equivalentsin.1814129161116 1 1.130 112 2214 212 33516mm 3.18 6.35 12.7 14.3 17.5 25.4 28.7 38.1 50.8 57.2 63.5 76.2 84.1FIG. 1 Details of Grips for Tension Test on Type A SpecimenFIG. 2 Grip Assembly for Type A SpecimenD1623092The appropriate rate of entry of
20、the cutter blade will depend onthe density of the foam. Advance the cutter until it reaches astop, at which time the diameter of the specimen test sectionshall be 28.7 mm (1.129 in.) giving a (645 mm2(1 in.2) crosssectional area). Using a band saw, cut off the excess sample end(up to the taper). The
21、 lathe assembly and completed specimenare shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. The recommended gage lengthshall be 25.4 mm (1 in.) with a radius of curvature of 11.9 mm(1532 in.) at each end joining it to the grip surface, which is atan angle of 18 to the center line. However, in no case shall thegage length
22、 be less than 12.7 mm (12 in.).NOTE 2For specimens that exhibit excessive slippage in the jaws, alower tensile strength could possibly be obtained. Where this occurs, it isMetric Equivalentsin.316141251634 1112 1916 23mm 4.76 6.35 12.7 7.9 19.1 25.4 38.1 39.7 50.8 76.2FIG. 3 Details of Grips for Ten
23、sion on Type B SpecimenD1623093recommended that a 6.35-mm (14-in.) shoulder be left on the specimenends next to the tapered area, or the specimen ends be dipped momentarilyin a molten paraffin wax (temperature not in excess of 80C (175F), orboth.5.4 Preparation of Type B SpecimensType B test speci-m
24、ens shall be rectangular, round or square and shall have aminimum cross-sectional area of 645 mm2(1 in.2). Bond thegrip assembly blocks to the test specimens by a suitablemethod, which does not affect the material under test, takingcare to assure that the bonding pressure is not great enough tocause
25、 compression of the specimen. The adhesive curingtemperature shall be low enough to cause no effect on thespecimen to be tested.5.5 Preparation of Type C Specimen:5.5.1 Type C Specimen shall be square or rectangular, witha minimum length and width dimension equal to, or greaterthan, the thickness.FI
26、G. 4 Grip Assembly for Type B SpecimenFIG. 5 Grip Assembly for Type C SpecimenMetric Equivalentsin.14153234 112 218 414mm 6.35 11.9 19.1 38.1 54.0 108.0FIG. 6 Cutter for Preparing Type A SpecimenD16230945.5.2 Care and caution shall be exercised in preparing thespecimen so that the bond between the c
27、ellular plastic and thesubstrate is not affected. The speed of the saw blade, thenumber of teeth per inch, and other cutting variables shall beconsidered in specimen preparation, in order to avoid excessvibrations or heat buildup, which could weaken the bondbetween the cellular plastic and the subst
28、rate.5.5.3 When adhesion test involves only one surface, theother side shall be trimmed to provide a smooth, parallelbonding surface.5.5.4 Bond the loading fixture to the top and bottom of thetest specimen by a suitable method that does not affect thematerial being tested.6. Conditioning6.1 Conditio
29、ningCondition the test specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 24 h prior to testing.6.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified.7. Number of Test S
30、pecimens7.1 A minimum of three specimens shall be tested. Speci-mens that break at some obvious flaw shall be discarded andretests made, unless such flaws constitute a variable that is tobe studied.8. Speed of Testing8.1 The standard speed of testing shall be such that ruptureoccurs in 3 to 6 min. A
31、 suggested rate of crosshead movementis 1.3 mm (0.05 in.)/min for each 25.4 mm (1 in.) of test sectiongage length.9. Procedure9.1 Measure the cross-sectional dimensions of the testspecimen to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) at several points,and record the minimum value. Calculate the specimenscros
32、s-sectional area from these dimensions.9.2 Zero the load indicator with all of the upper hardware inplace (including an upper specimen mounting block if Type Bis used) but no specimen attached.9.3 Place the specimen into the grip assembly as defined in4.1.1, and adjust the entire assembly to align i
33、t with the centralaxis of the specimen and the testing machine. (If a Type Aspecimen is used, tighten the14 in. set screws in the sides of theholders so that the split collars are held firmly together and arein axial alignment with the specimen and testing machine.)9.4 Determine and record the load
34、at the moment ofspecimen breaking. If an extensometer is used, a completestress-strain curve may be obtained thereby. Also determineand record the extension at the moment of rupture of thespecimen.10. Calculation10.1 Tensile StrengthCalculate the tensile strength bydividing the breaking load in kilo
35、newtons (or pounds-force) bythe original minimum cross-sectional area of the specimen insquare metres (or square inches). Express the result in kilopas-cals (kilonewtons per square metre) (or pounds-force persquare inch) to two significant figures.10.2 ElongationCalculate the percent elongation, whe
36、ndetermined, by dividing the extension at the moment ofspecimen breaking by the original distance between gagemarks, or similarly by grip separation, and multiplying by 100.Report the percent elongation to two significant figures.10.3 Calculate the standard deviation (estimated) as followsand report
37、 it to two significant figures:s 5 =(X22 nX2!/n 2 1! (1)where:s = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single observation,n = number of observations, andX= arithmetic mean of the set of observations.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the ma
38、terial tested, includ-ing type, source, code numbers, form, principal dimensions,previous history, etc.11.1.2 Type of specimen used: Type A, Type B, or Type C.11.1.3 Conditioning procedure used if different from thatspecified in 6.1.11.1.4 Atmospheric conditions in test room if different fromthose s
39、pecified in 6.2.11.1.5 Number of specimens tested if different from thatspecified in Section 7.11.1.6 Rate of crosshead movement.11.1.7 Tensile or tensile adhesion strength of each speci-men, average value and standard deviation.11.1.8 Percent elongation of each specimen, average valueand standard d
40、eviation. Indicate reference for measuring ex-tension, either gage marks, grip separation or extensometer.11.1.9 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Tables 1 and 2 are based on a round robin conducted in2000 using Type B specimens in accordance with PracticeE 691, involving three materials teste
41、d by six laboratories. Foreach material, all of the samples were prepared at one source,but the individual Type B specimens were prepared at thelaboratories that tested them. Each laboratory obtained six testMetric Equivalentsin. 1.1291532 158 414mm 28.7 11.9 41.3 108.0FIG. 7 Dimensions of Type A Sp
42、ecimenD1623095results for each material. Precision, characterized by repeat-ability (Srand r) and reproducibility (SRand R), have beendetermined as shown in Tables 1 and 2.(WarningTheexplanation of r and R are only intended to present a mean-ingful way of considering the approximate precision of thi
43、s testmethod. The data in Tables 1 and 2 should not be applied toacceptance or rejection of materials, as these data apply only tothe materials tested in the round robin and are unlikely to berigorously representative of other lots, formulations, condi-tions, materials, or laboratories. Users of thi
44、s test methodshould apply the principles outlined in Practice E 691 togenerate data specific to their materials and laboratory.)NOTE 3The precision data presented in Tables 1 and 2 were obtainedusing the test conditions defined in this test method. If a materialspecification defines other test condi
45、tions, this precision data shall not beassumed to apply.12.2 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate bias for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 rigid cellular plastics; tensile adhesion; tensile strengthSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes
46、 to this standard since the last issue(D 1623 - 03) that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2009)(1) Editorial changes in punctuation and wording to clarify theprocedures.(2) Changed significant figures for consistency in figures.(3) Updated ISO equivalency statement consistent with
47、GuideD 4968.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such
48、 rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additi
49、onal standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multip
