1、Designation: D1633 17Standard Test Methods forCompressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of
3、 the com-pressive strength of soil-cement using molded cylinders as testspecimens.1.2 Two alternative procedures are provided as follows:1.2.1 Method AThis procedure uses a test specimen pre-pared in a mold complying with Test Methods D698 (4.0 in.(101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.6 in. (116.8 mm) in hei
4、ght),sometimes referred to as a proctor mold, resulting in a heightover diameter ratio of 1.15. This test method may be used onlyon materials with 30 % or less retained on the 19.0-mm (34-in.)sieve. See Note 2.1.2.2 Method BThis procedure uses a test specimen witha height over diameter ratio of 2.0
5、prepared in a cylindricalmold in accordance with Practice D1632 (2.8 in. (71.1 mm) indiameter and 9.0 in. (229 mm) in height). This test method isapplicable to those materials that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard, except as n
6、oted in below. The valuesgiven in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units,and are provided for information only and are not consideredstandard. Sieve sizes are identified by the standard designationsin Specification E11. The alternative sieve size designationgiven in parentheses is for
7、information only and does notrepresent a different standard sieve size.1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for massis slugs.1.3.2 The slug unit of mass is almo
8、st never used incommercial practice, that is, density, balances, etc. Therefore,the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram(kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit(slug) is not given/presented in parentheses.1.3.3 It is common practice in the engineering/con
9、structionprofession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unitof mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines twoseparate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and thegravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combinethe use of two separate sets of inch-po
10、und units within a singlestandard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitationalsystem of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slugunit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales, recordingpounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3shall notbe regarded as nonconformance
11、 with this standard.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are reg
12、arded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is
13、common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof these test methods to consider significant digits used inanalysis methods for engineering data.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
14、 concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance
15、with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1This test method is under the jurisdi
16、ction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1633 00(2007),which was withdrawn
17、in July 2016 and reinstated in November 2017. DOI:10.1520/D1633-17.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance
18、 with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
19、ards:2C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteD559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying CompactedSoil-Cement MixturesD560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing CompactedSoil-Cement MixturesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD698
20、Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1632 Practice for Making and Curing Soil-Cement Com-pression and Flexure Test Specimens in the LaboratoryD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of
21、Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Mater
22、ials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Te
23、rminology D653.4. Significance and Use4.1 MethodAmakes use of the same compaction equipmentand molds commonly available in soil laboratories and used forother soil-cement tests. It is considered that Method A gives arelative measure of strength rather than a rigorous determina-tion of compressive st
24、rength. Because of the lesser height todiameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, the compressive strengthdetermined by Method A will normally be greater than that forMethod B.4.2 Method B, because of the greater height to diameterratio (2.00), gives a better measure of compressive strengthfrom a techn
25、ical viewpoint since it reduces complex stressconditions that may occur during the shearing of Method Aspecimens.4.3 In practice, Method A has been more commonly usedthan Method B. As a result, it has been customary to evaluateor specify compressive strength values as determined byMethod A. A factor
26、 for converting compressive strength valuesbased on height to diameter ratio is given in Section 8.3NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecr
27、iteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a me
28、ans of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Compression Testing MachineThis machine may be ofany type having sufficient capacity and control to provide therate of loading prescribed in 7.2. The testing machine shall beequipped with two steel bearing blocks with hardened faces,one of whic
29、h is a spherically seated head block that normallywill bear on the upper surface of the specimen, and the other aplain rigid block on which the specimen will rest. The bearingblock surfaces intended for contact with the specimen shallhave a Rockwell hardness of not less than HRC 60. Thebearing faces
30、 shall be at least as large, and preferably slightlylarger, than the surface of the specimen to which the load isapplied. The bearing faces, when new, shall not depart from aplane by more than 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm) at any point, andthey shall be maintained within a permissible variation limit of0.00
31、1 in. (0.02 mm). In the spherically seated block, thediameter of the sphere shall not greatly exceed the diameter ofthe specimen and the center of the sphere shall coincide withthe center of the bearing face. The movable portion of thisblock shall be held closely in the spherical seat, but the desig
32、nshall be such that the bearing face can be rotated freely andtilted through small angles in any direction. The compressionshall be verified in accordance with Practice E4 at leastannually to determine if indicated loads are accurate to 61.0 %in the applicable range of loading.5.2 Molds and Compacti
33、on Equipment, in accordance withTest Methods D559 or D560 for Method A; Practice D1632 forMethod B.5.3 BalancesA Class GP5 balance meeting the require-ments of Guide D4753 for a balance of 1-g readability and aClass GP2 balance meeting the requirments of Guide D4753for a balance of 0.1-g readability
34、.5.4 Measuring DeviceA Measuring device suitable formeasuring the heights and diameters of test specimens to thenearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).6. Test Specimens6.1 Prepare the test specimens as follows:6.1.1 Method ASpecimens are prepared in accordancewith Test Methods D559 or D560 using molds 4.0 in. (
35、101.6mm) in diameter and 4.584 in. (116.4 mm) in height.6.1.2 Method BSpecimens are prepared in accordancewith Practice D1632 using molds 2.8 in. (71.1 mm) in diameterand 9.0 in. (299 mm) in height.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
36、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For additional discussion on the significance and use of compressive strengthresults, see the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook, Chapter 4, Portland CementAssociati
37、on, Skokie, IL, 1971, pp 31 and 32.D1633 172NOTE 2These methods may be used for testing specimens of othersizes. If the soil sample includes material retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve, it is recommended that Method A be used, or that larger testspecimens, 4.0 in. (101.6 mm) in diameter and 8.0 in
38、. (203.2 mm) inheight, be molded in a manner similar to Method B.6.2 Moist cure the specimens in accordance with PracticeD1632.6.3 At the end of the moist-cure period, immerse thespecimens in water for 4 h.6.4 Remove the specimens from the water and complete thefollowing procedures as soon as practi
39、cable, keeping speci-mens moist by a wet burlap or blanket covering.NOTE 3Other conditioning procedures, such as air or oven drying,alternate wetting and drying, or alternate freezing and thawing may bespecified after an initial moist curing period. Curing and conditioningprocedures shall be given i
40、n detail in the report.6.5 Take a minimum of three height measurements (ap-proximately 120 apart), and at least two diameter measure-ments (approximately 90 apart). Calculate the average heightand diameter.6.6 Record the mass of the test specimen.6.7 Check the smoothness of the faces with a straight
41、edge.If necessary, cap the faces to meet the requirements of thesection on Capping Specimens of Practice D1632.7. Procedure7.1 Place the lower bearing block on the table or platen ofthe testing machine directly under the spherically seated(upper) bearing block. Place the specimen on the lower bearin
42、gblock, making certain that the vertical axis of the specimen isaligned with the center of thrust of the spherically seated block.As this block is brought to bear on the specimen, rotate itsmovable portion gently by hand so that uniform seating isobtained.7.2 Apply a constant rate of deformation wit
43、hout shock toproduce an approximate rate of strain of 0.05 in./min (1.3mm/min). Alternatively, the load may be applied at a constantrate that results in a rate of stress of 10 to 30 psi/s (70 to 210kPa/s). Apply the load until it decreases steadily, indicatingfailure. Record the maximum load carried
44、 by the specimenduring the test to the nearest 10 lbf (45 N).7.3 Determine the water content of the test specimen inaccordance with Test Method D2216 using the entire specimen,unless capped. If the specimen is capped, break away as muchmaterial as practical from the capping, for the water contentspe
45、cimen.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the unit compressive strength of the specimenby dividing the recorded maximum load by the cross-sectionalarea.NOTE 4If desired, make allowance for the ratio of height to diameter(h/d) by multiplying the compressive strength of Method B specimens bythe factor 1.10. T
46、his converts the strength for an h/d ratio of 2.00 to thatfor the h/d ratio of 1.15 commonly used in routine testing of soil-cement(see Section 4). This conversion is based on that given in MethodC42/C42M, which has been found applicable for soil-cement.8.2 Calculate the unit weight of the test spec
47、imen(s) usingthe dimensions and mass recorded in Section 6.9. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)9.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recordedon the test data sheet(s)/form(s) is covered in 1.4.9.2 Record as a minimum the following general information(data):9.2.1 Date specimen(s) was prep
48、ared;9.2.2 Testing date, operator name, location, and uniqueconditions.9.3 Record as a minimum the following test specimen data:9.3.1 Specimen identification number,9.3.2 Diameter and height,9.3.3 Cross-sectional areas,9.3.4 Maximum load carried by the specimen,9.3.5 Conversion factor for height to
49、diameter ratio (seeNote 3), if used,9.3.6 Compressive strength,9.3.7 Age of specimen,9.3.8 Mass of specimen,9.3.9 Unit weight of specimen,9.3.10 Water content of test specimen, and9.3.11 Details of curing and conditioning periods.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The precision and bias of this test method have notbeen established by an interlaboratory test program. However,based on test data from Packard (1962)4and Packard andChapman (1963)5the following may serve as a guide as to thevariability of compressive strength test results.10.1.1 Tests were performed in a single l
