1、Designation: D2070 161Standard Test Method forThermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe formatting of footnotes was corrected editorially in April 2017.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2is designed primarily to evaluate thethermal stability of
3、 hydrocarbon based hydraulic oils althoughoxidation may occur during the test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with i
4、ts use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standa
5、rd-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum
6、 andPetroleum Products2.2 Copper Development Association Standard4UNS C11000 Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper2.3 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard (AISI)5W-1 Carbon Tool Steel3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A beaker containing test oil, copper and iron rods isplaced in an aluminum block in an e
7、lectric gravity convectionoven for 168 h at a test temperature of 135 C. At thecompletion of the test, the copper and steel rods are ratedvisually for discoloration and the oil is analyzed for thequantity of sludge.4. Significance and Use4.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemicalprope
8、rty changes which may adversely affect an oils lubricat-ing performance. This test method evaluates the thermalstability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steelat 135 C. Rod colors are the evaluation criteria. Sludge valuesare reported for informational purposes. No correlation of the
9、test to field service has been made.5. Apparatus5.1 An aluminum block with equally spaced holes is used.An example is described in Fig. A1.1 of Annex A1.5.2 Electric gravity convection oven capable of maintainingthe aluminum block at a test temperature of 135 C 6 1 C.5.2.1 Calibrated thermocouple an
10、d temperature indicatorcentered in aluminum block.5.3 250 mL Griffin beakers of borosilicate glass.5.4 Copper test specimens are to be UNS C11000, 99.9 %pure electrolytic tough pitch copper, 6.35 mm in diameter by7.6 cm in length (0.25 in. by 3.0 in.).6,75.5 Steel test specimens are to be AISI W-1 1
11、 % carbonsteel, 6.35 mm in diameter 7.6 cm in length (0.25 in. by3.0 in.).6,75.6 Silicon carbide abrasive 320 grit with cloth backing.5.7 Crocus cloth.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility
12、 ofSubcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2070 91(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D2070-16E01.2This procedure was adopted from the Fives Cincinnati Thermal Stability TestProcedu
13、re “A”, Fives Cincinnati Manual 10-SP-89050.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from C
14、opper Development Assoc., Inc., 260 Madison Ave., NewYork, NY 10016, http:/www.copper.org5Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 25 MassachusettsAve., NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.steel.org.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this
15、 timeis Metaspec LLC, 790 W. Mayfield Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78211,.7If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may atte
16、nd.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization e
17、stablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.8 41 Whatman filter paper,8,747 mm diameter.5.9 Millipore filter,9,78 m Type SC, 47 mm diameter.5.1
18、0 Millipore glass filter holder, 47 mm, Cat #XX10.04700or equivalent.5.11 Fives Cincinnati Lubricant Heat Test Standards ColorChart.10,75.12 25 mL pipette.6. Reagents6.1 Reagent Grade Heptane(WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)6.2 Reagent Grade Acetone(WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7. Preparation of
19、Apparatus7.1 Handle the rods at all times using forceps or clean cottongloves.7.2 Catalyst PreparationClean the iron and copper cata-lyst rods, whether new or previously used, prior to use. Cleanthe rods with the 320 silicon carbide abrasive cloth whilerotating the rods in a drill chuck at 1700 r mi
20、n to 1800 r min.Clean the surface until it has a bright copper or steel appear-ance. Discard rods when diameter is less than 6.2 mm.7.3 Prepare surface finally with a crocus cloth. Remove allgrind marks. Finish the rods to a lightly polished surface finish.7.4 Wash the rods individually with acetone
21、 and air dry oncompletion of the polishing operation.8. Procedure8.1 Place a representative 200 mL sample of test oil ob-tained per D4057 sampling procedure in a clean 250 mLGriffinbeaker containing one each of the cleaned and polished ironand copper rods.8.2 Place the rods totally below the surface
22、 of the oil andcrossed. Place them in contact with each other at one pointonly.8.3 Place the beaker and its contents in the pre-heatedaluminum block test fixture in the oven.8.4 Maintain the test fixture at 135 C 6 1 C for 168 h.Start the time when the test sample is placed in the oven.8.5 Keep the
23、oven doors closed during the entire test period.Monitor the temperature continuously via thermocouple in thecenter of the test block.8.6 At the completion of 168 h, remove the beakers from theoven and allow to cool to room temperature before proceeding.Individually remove the rods from the oil sampl
24、e. Remove anyloose sludge clinging to the rods with a plastic or rubberpoliceman and return the sludge to the oil.8.7 Copper Rod AnalysisWash the rod with heptane toremove all oil and allow to air dry. Discard the heptane wash.Make a visual evaluation of the condition of the rod against theFives Cin
25、cinnati color chart (available from Fives Cincinnati9)and record.8.8 Steel Rod AnalysisWash the steel rod with heptane toremove all oil and allow to air dry. Discard the heptane wash.Make a visual evaluation of the rod against the Fives Cincin-nati color chart and record.8.9 For each sample, dry a 4
26、1 Whatman filter for 1 h in anoven at 70 C and cool in a dessicator. Weigh to the nearest0.1 mg. Vacuum filter at a nominal 26664 Pa pressure throughthe pre-weighed 41 Whatman filter. Do not rinse the beaker atthis time. Remove the oil filtrate and set aside. Replace thefilter flask with a clean one
27、 and wash all remaining residuefrom the beaker with heptane. Wash the residue on the filterpaper with heptane until all evidence of oil is removed. Ovendry the residue and filter paper at 70 C, 1 h, allow to cool, andweigh to nearest 0.1 mg. For each sample, pre-weigh an 8 mMillipore filter pad to t
28、he nearest 0.1 mg. From the oil filtrate,pipet 25 mL of oil and vacuum filter at a nominal 26664 Papressure through the pre-weighed 8 m Millipore filter pad.Wash residue with heptane, air dry, and weigh to the nearest0.1 mg.9. Calculation9.1 Total Sludge DeterminationThe mass of the sludge onthe 41
29、Whatman paper is reported as mg/100 mL of oil.Therefore, the mass of the original filter paper is subtractedfrom that of the dried filter paper plus residue and thedifference divided by two. The mass of the sludge on the 8 mMillipore filter pad is also reported as mg/100 mL. The mass ofthe original
30、filter pad is subtracted from the mass of the driedresidue plus filter pad and the difference multiplied by four.Total sludge is the summation of the mass of the sludge fromthe 41 Whatman filter paper plus the mass of the sludge fromthe 8 m filter pad. Mass of total sludge (mg/100 mL of oil)T 2 W 30
31、.51M 34 (1)where:W = mass of sludge on Whatman filter in mg,M = mass of sludge on 8 m millipore filter in mg,T = total mass of sludge in mg/100 mL.10. Report10.1 Report the color of the copper and steel rods aspreviously determined.10.2 Report the total sludge in mg/100 mL oil.11. Precision and Bias
32、1111.1 The precision of this test method was determined by astatistical analysis of interlaboratory test results. The followingcriteria should be used for judging the acceptability of data.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Whatman Ltd., part of GE Heal
33、thcare, http:/.9The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis EMD Millipore Corp., 290 Concord Rd., Billerica, MA 01821; http:/www.EMD.10The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Fives Cincinnati, 2200 Litton Ln., Hebron, KY 4
34、1048; http:/11Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1271. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D2070 161211.2 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive testresults obtained by the same operator with t
35、he same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following values only in one casein twenty:Copper rod color 1 unitSteel rod color 1 unitTotal sludge 1.04 (X +1)where X denotes mea
36、n value.11.3 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:Copper rod color 4 unitsSteel rod color 2 un
37、itsTotal sludge 3.25 (X +1)where X denotes mean value.11.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure, bias has notbeen determined.12. Keywords12.1 Cincinnati Milacron; copper corrosion; Fives Cincin-nati; heat test; hydraulic oils; oil sludg
38、ing; steel corrosion;thermal stabilityANNEXA1. ALUMINUM TEST FIXTURED2070 1613FIG. A1.1 Aluminum Test Fixturein. mmA Overall diameter 12.00 304.8B Thickness 5.500 139.7C Edge thickness 0.7500 19.05D Recess diameter 10.50 266.7E Recess depth 1.750 44.45F Diameter of hole 3.000 76.20G Depth of hole 2.
39、750 69.85H Distance from center to hole center 3.500 88.90D2070 1614SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.N0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D2070 91 (2010) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 15, 2016.)(1) Updated source inform
40、ation throughout footnotes. (2) Updated SI unit formatting.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pat
41、ent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eit
42、her for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair
43、hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this stand
44、ard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1615
