1、Designation: D 2243 95 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forFreeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure f
3、or evaluating theeffect of freeze/thaw cycling on the viscosity and visual filmproperties of water-borne coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
4、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 562 Test Method for Consistency
5、 of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Vis-cometer3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The water-borne coating is put into two pint-size (500-mL) resin-lined cans.
6、 One can is stored at room temperature,while the other can is subjected to cycles of freezing andthawing. After cycling, the coating is examined for changes inviscosity and visual film properties.4. Significance and Use4.1 When water-borne coatings are shipped during coldweather, they may experience
7、 cycles of freezing and thawing.Cycles of freezing and thawing cause more damage to water-borne coatings than when the coatings are subjected to steadyfreezing.5. Apparatus5.1 Test ChamberA suitable cabinet, room, or enclosurespace large enough to contain the specimens to be testedpermitting at leas
8、t 25 mm (1 in.) of air space between the sidesof adjacent cans and capable of being maintained continuouslyat a temperature of 18C (0F).NOTE 1Although a variation of the test chamber temperature of 62C(63.5F) is allowed, the test chamber temperature should be maintainedas near 18C (0F) as practicabl
9、e and the amount of variation should berecorded and reported.5.2 ViscometerA Stormer viscometer with paddle typerotor as described in Test Method D 562 or a Brookfieldviscometer as described in Test Methods D 2196.5.3 Test ChartsSmooth surface paper charts having adja-cent black and white areas, and
10、 coated with a suitable varnishor lacquer to render the surface impermeable to paint liquids.5.4 Paint Brush, 25 mm (1 in.).5.5 Bar Applicator, with a 0.18-mm (7-mil ) clearance.6. Preparation of Sample and Specimens6.1 Prepare specimens for testing by filling 500 mL (1-pt)resin-lined, friction-top
11、cans two thirds full. Ensure that thebulk sample from which the cans are filled is well stirred anduniform, that the containers used are clean, and that the lids areapplied promptly to the cans to prevent evaporation losses.Two such specimens are required for each test.7. Exposure to Test Conditions
12、7.1 Store one can at room temperature and identify this asthe control specimen.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition
13、approved June 1, 2008. Published June 2008 Originally approvedin 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2243 95 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
14、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Place the second can, the paint under test, identified asthe “test specimen”, in the chamber maintained at 18C (
15、0F)in such a manner that it does not touch the walls or bottom ofthe chamber and so that free circulation of air around it ispermitted. The placing of cans on racks that raise them off thebottom of the chamber or upon pieces of insulating boardresting on the bottom is suggested. In the case of sever
16、al testspecimens, maintain a minimum of 25 mm (1 in.) of air spacebetween adjacent cans and between cans and the chamberwalls. Keep the test specimen in the chamber for 17 h and thenremove and allow to stand for 7 h undisturbed at roomtemperature, adjacent to the control specimen, for a completefree
17、ze-thaw cycle of 24 h.7.3 Repeat 7.2 for additional freeze-thaw cycles, as many asagreed on between cooperating laboratories or buyer and seller(One to five cycles are usual.).8. Examination8.1 After completion of the agreed or specified number ofcycles, examine both the test and control specimens f
18、orcondition in the can, rating any evidence of settling, gelation,coagulation as follows:10 = none 4 = moderate8 = very slight 2 = considerable6 = slight 0 = complete failure8.2 Stir the test and control paint by hand and measure theirviscosities in accordance with Test Methods D 562 or D 2196.Recor
19、d temperature of measurement.NOTE 2Stir specimens by hand in their can using a spatula. Stircarefully so as to avoid air entrainment and foam.NOTE 3In carrying out consistency determinations using Test MethodD 562, specimens should be maintained at 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F) untiltwo successive readings
20、agree within 5 g. As is the case with allnon-Newtonian fluids, viscosity variation is dependent to a degree uponintensity and duration of agitation. Take utmost care that control and testspecimens receive identical treatment during all stirring operations.8.3 Immediately following viscosity determin
21、ations, applyboth the control and test coating to a test panel (5.3) using the0.18-mm (7-mil) clearance blade applicator (5.4).Allow to dryfor at least 24 h and then visually compare the test versus thecontrol coating for changes in hiding, gloss, speckiness,agglomeration, coagulation, or color chan
22、ge. Rate changes asin 8.1.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Report the condition of the paint in the can, inaccordance with 8.1,9.1.2 Report the change in viscosity between the test andcontrol paints, in accordance with 8.2, and9.1.3 Report the rating of any visual differences betw
23、een thetest and control paints, in accordance with 8.3.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method in regardto viscosities is as specified in Test Methods D 562 or D 2196,whichever is employed.10.1.1 No precision statement is made in regard to the otherproperties, because o
24、f the subjective nature of the observations.10.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method for measuringchanges in gloss, hiding, speckiness, agglomeration, coagula-tion, or color change has no bias because these values can bedefined only in terms of the test method.11. Keywords11.1 freeze-thaw resistan
25、ce; resistance to low-temperaturecyclingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
26、 riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
27、 this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldm
28、ake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2243 95 (2008)2
