1、Designation: D 578 05Standard Specification forGlass Fiber Strands1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indica
2、tes the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for continu-ous fiber and staple fiber
3、 glass strands, including single, pliedand multiple wound. It also covers textured glass fiber yarns.1.2 Glass fibers are produced having various compositions.General applications are identified by means of a letterdesignation. The letter designation represents a family ofglasses that have provided
4、acceptable performance to theend-user in the intended application. For example, the compo-sition limits stated for E-Glass in this specification representingthe glass fiber family for general and most electrical applica-tions is designated by the letter E. Military specifications, suchas, MIL-R-6034
5、6, recognize the composition limits describedin this specification as meeting the respective requirements forE-Glass strands used in reinforced plastic structure applica-tions. This specification is intended to assist ultimate users bydesignating the general nomenclature for the strand productsthat
6、are generally manufactured in the glass fiber industry.1.3 Glass fiber strands have a variety of general uses underspecific conditions, such as high physical or chemical stress,high moisture, high temperature, or electrical environments.Property requirements under specific conditions are agreedupon
7、between the purchaser and the supplier. Electrical prop-erty requirements vary with specific end-use applications. Forprinted circuit board applications, other requirements may beneeded such as the use of Institute for Interconnecting andPackaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) Specification EG-4412 forf
8、inished fabric woven from E-Glass for printed circuit boards,or Specification MIL-P-13949 for printed wiring boards appli-cable to glass fabric base.1.4 This specification shows the values in both SI units andinch-pound units. “SI” units is the technically correct name forthe system of metric units
9、known as the International System ofUnits.“ Inch-pound units” is the technically correct name forthe customary units used in the United States.The values statedin either acceptable metric units or in other units shall beregarded separately as standard. The values expressed in eachsystem may not be e
10、xact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other, without combining inany way.1.5 This specification is one of a series to provide asubstitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord,Sleeving, Cloth and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, GlassFinished for Res
11、in Laminates.1.6 AdditionalASTM specifications in this series have beendrafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book ofASTM Standards. These include finished glass fabrics, unfin-ished glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords,glass sewing threads, and finished laminates m
12、ade from fin-ished glass fabrics.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
13、ions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct CountingD 1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (YarnNumber) by the Skein MethodD 2256
14、Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by theSingle-Strand MethodD 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
15、tee D13.18 on Glass Fiber andits Products.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 578 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
16、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Method that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906 Practic
17、e for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextilesD 4963 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands andFabricsD 7018 Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and Its Prod-uctsE 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials2.2 ASTM Adjunct:TEX-PAC3
18、2.3 ANSI Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection byAttributes42.4 Military Standards and Specifications:MIL-P-13949 Specification for Plastic Sheet, Laminated,Metal-Clad For Printed Wiring Board5MIL-R-60346 Roving, Glass Fibrous (for Prepreg Tape,Rovings, Filament Winding, and Pul
19、trusionApplications)5MIL-G-55636B Glass Cloth, Resin Preimpreginated (B-STAGE) (For Multilayer Printed Wiring Boards)5MIL-Y-1140 Specification for Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth,and Tape-Glass5MIL-C-9084 Specification for Cloth Finished for ResinLaminates52.5 Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging
20、 CircuitsStandard:IPC-EG-4412 Specification for Finished Fabric Wovenfrom E-Glass for Printed Circuit Boards63. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.18, Glass Fiber andIts Products, see Terminology D 7018.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:atmosphere for testing tex
21、tiles, chopped strand, continuousfilament yarn, roving, staple glass yarn, strand, textured glassyarn.3.2 For allother terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Classification of Glass Fiber4.1 “C” GlassA family of glasses composed primarily ofthe oxides of sodium, calcium, boron
22、, aluminum, and siliconwith a certified chemical composition which conforms to anapplicable material specification and which produces good acidresistance (excluding HF).4.2 “E” GlassA family of glasses composed primarily ofthe oxides of calcium, aluminum, and silicon, which has thefollowing certifie
23、d chemical compositions.4.2.1 The following certified chemical composition appliesto glass fiber yarn products for printed circuit boards andaerospace.Chemical % by WeightB2O35to10CaO 16 to 25Al2O312 to 16SiO252 to 56MgO 0to5Na2O and K2O 0 to 2TiO20to0.8Fe2O30.05 to0.4Fluoride 0 to 1.04.2.2 The foll
24、owing certified chemical composition appliesto glass fiber products used in general applications.Chemical % by WeightB2O30to10CaO 16 to 25Al2O312 to 16SiO252 to 62MgO 0to5Total alkali metaloxides0to2TiO20to1.5Fe2O30.05 to 0.8Fluoride 0 to 1.04.2.3 Electrical applications include a wide variety of us
25、es.The composition in 4.2.1 is identical to IPC-EG-4412 forprinted circuit boards and to MIL-G-55636B. Additionally,such fiber glass products often are specified for aerospaceapplications. Products covered by the composition range in4.2.2 are used in general applications, such as power companyequipm
26、ent, high voltage devices, residential electric boxes,third rail covers, high voltage standoff rods, electrical pultru-sion products, light poles, electrical tool covers, and electricaltape. Other applications include roofing, flooring, filtration,panel rovings, gun rovings, smc rovings, chopped str
27、andreinforcements, paper yarns, and industrial yarns.4.2.4 The nomenclature “E-CR-Glass” is used for boron-free modified E-Glass compositions for improved resistance tocorrosion by most acids.4.3 “S” GlassA family of glasses composed primarily ofthe oxides of magnesium, aluminum, and silicon with ac
28、ertified chemical composition which conforms to an appli-cable material specification and which produces high mechani-cal strength.3PC programs on floppy disk for analyzing Committee D13 interlaboratory dataare available through ASTM. Request ADJD2904.4Available from American National Standards Inst
29、itute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.6Available from Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits,7380 N. Lincoln Ave., Lincolnw
30、ood, IL 60646.D578052DESCRIPTION OF GLASS STRANDS5. General5.1 The construction of glass strands is described in a seriesof two to four segments of alphabetical or numerical charac-ters.NOTE 1In glass fiber strand designations, and in the conversion ofyards per pound to tex units, the following rule
31、s are used:(1) less than 2.50 texround to nearest 0.01 tex(2) 2.50 tex to less than 5.00 texround to nearest 0.05 tex(3) 5.00 tex to less than 10.0 texround to nearest 0.1 tex(4) 10.0 tex to less than 250 texround to nearest 1.0 tex(5) 250 tex to less than 2000 texround to nearest 5.0 tex(6) 2000 te
32、x to less than 100 000 texround to nearest 100 tex5.1.1 For strands described in inch-pound units, the approxi-mate yards per pound of the final strand can be computed bymultiplying the yarn number designation of the single yarn orstrand by 100 to obtain yards per pound for the single yarn orstrand
33、and then dividing by the total number of single yarns orstrands in the final yarn. Actual yardage is less because oforganic content and twist take-up during plying.NOTE 2Letter designations for filament diameter averages are shownin Table 1. The yards per pound stated in Table 2 is an approximate ya
34、rnnumber. The “As Received” yards per pound will be less than the bareglass values stated. This may be contributed by twist take-up, sizingpercent, or purchaser agreement to produce to a lower yarn number tomeet other requirements for a further manufactured product, or both. Forexample, EC9 66 130 (
35、ECG 75 1/0) stated at approximately 66 tex (7500yd/lb) will actually be about 68 tex (7300 yd/lb) in the delivered state foruse in the electrical laminate industry.”TABLE 2 Physical Properties of Continuous Filament YarnsYarn DesignationANominal TwistApproximate Yarn Number(Bare Glass)BBreaking Stre
36、ngth,Individual Minimum“Z “S”SI Unit(tex)Inch-PoundUnittpm tpi tpm tpi tex yd/lb N lbfEC5 2.75 ECD 1800 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 2.75 180 000 1.1 0.251301/0EC5 2.75 ECD 1800 . . 152 to 176 3.8 to 4.4 5.5 90 000 . .1321/2EC5 5.5 ECD 900 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 5.5 90 000 2.2 0.51301/0EC5 5.5 ECD 900 1
37、60 to 200 4.0 to 5.0 . . 5.5 90 000 2.2 0.51301/0EC5 5.5 ECD 900 120 to 160 3.0 to 4.0 . . 5.5 90 000 2.2 0.51301/0EC5 5.5 ECD 900 400 10.0 . . 5.5 90 000 2.2 0.5TABLE 1 Letter Designations for Glass Strand FilamentDiametersFilament Size DesignationNominal Range for Filament DiameterAverageInch-Poun
38、dSystem,LetterSI System,Numberin. mAB 3.5 0.00013 to 0.000159 3.30 to 4.05C 4.5 0.00016 to 0.000189 4.06 to 4.82D 5 0.00019 to 0.000229 4.83 to 5.83DE 6 0.00023 to 0.000269 5.84 to 6.85E 7 0.00025 to 0.000299 6.35 to 7.61F 8 0.00030 to 0.000345 7.62 to 8.88G 9 0.00035 to 0.000399 8.89 to 10.15H 11 0
39、.00040 to 0.000449 10.16 to 11.42J 12 0.00045 to 0.000499 11.43 to 12.69K 13 0.00050 to 0.000549 12.70 to 13.96L 14 0.00055 to 0.000599 13.97 to 15.23M 16 0.00060 to 0.000649 15.24 to 16.50N 17 0.00065 to 0.000699 16.51 to 17.77P 18 0.00070 to 0.000749 17.78 to 19.04Q 20 0.00075 to 0.000799 19.05 to
40、 20.31R 21 0.00080 to 0.000849 20.32 to 21.58S 22 0.00085 to 0.000899 21.59 to 22.85T 23 0.00090 to 0.000949 22.86 to 24.12U 24 0.00095 to 0.000999 24.13 to 25.40AThe low values stated for each micrometre range are exact equivalents toinches, rounded to the nearest hundredth micrometre. The high val
41、ues stated foreach micrometre range are slightly higher than exact equivalents to inches toprovide continuation between ranges. They are consistent for inch-pound and SIfilament size descriptions commonly used in the industry. In some publications, theSI designation for H filament size has been show
42、n as 10.D578053TABLE 2 ContinuedYarn DesignationANominal TwistApproximate Yarn Number(Bare Glass)BBreaking Strength,Individual Minimum“Z “S”SI Unit(tex)Inch-PoundUnittpm tpi tpm tpi tex yd/lb N lbf1301/0EC6 8.25 ECDE 600 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 8.25 60 000 3.3 0.751/0EC5 5.5 ECD 900 160 to 200 4.0 t
43、o 5.0 152 to 176 3.8 to 4.4 11 45 000 4.9 1.11321/2EC5 5.5 ECD 900 . . 340 8.5 11 45 000 4.9 1.11321/2EC5 11 ECD 450 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 11 45 000 4.9 1.11301/0EC5 11 ECD 450 40 to 80 1.0 to 2.0 . . 11 45 000 4.9 1.11301/0EC5 11 ECD 450 80 to 120 2.0 to 3.0 . . 11 45 000 4.9 1.11301/0EC5 11 ECD
44、450 160 to 200 4.0 to 5.0 . . 11 45 000 4.9 1.11301/0EC5 11 ECD 450 400 10 . . 11 45 000 . .1301/0EC6 16 ECDE 300 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 16 30 000 8.0 1.91301/0EC5 5.5 ECD 900 . . 152 to 176 3.8 to 4.4 16.5 30 000 8.0 1.81331/3EC5 5.5 ECD 900 . . 340 8.5 16.5 30 000 8.0 1.81331/3EC5 11 ECD 450 160
45、to 200 4.0 to 5.0 . . 22 22 500 9.8 2.22302/0EC5 11 ECD 450 . . 60 1.5 22 22 500 9.8 2.21321/2EC5 11 ECD 450 160 to 200 4.0 to 5.0 152 to 176 3.8 to 4.4 22 22 500 9.8 2.21321/2EC5 11 ECD 450 . . 340 8.5 22 22 500 9.8 2.21321/2EC5 22 ECD 225 40 to 80 1.0 to 2.0 . . 22 22 500 10.7 2.41301/0EC5 22 ECD
46、225 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 22 22 500 10.7 2.41301/0EC5 22 ECD 225 160 to 200 4.0 to 5.0 . . 22 22 500 10.7 2.41301/0EC7 22 ECE 225 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 22 22 500 9.8 2.21301/0EC7 22 ECE 225 160 to 200 4.0 to 5.0 . . 22 22 500 9.8 2.21301/0EC7 22 ECE 225 400 10.0 . . 22 22 500 9.8 2.21301/0EC5 11
47、 ECD 450 160 to 200 4.0 to 5.0 . . 33 15 000 17.3 3.93303/0EC5 11 ECD 450 160 to 200 4.0 to 5.0 152 to 176 3.8 to 4.4 33 15 000 17.3 3.91331/3EC5 11 ECD 450 . . 340 8.5 33 15 000 17.3 3.91331/3EC3.5 33 ECB 150 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 33 15 000 17.8 4.01301/0EC3.5 33 ECB 150 120 to 160 3.0 to 4.0 . .
48、 33 15 000 17.8 4.01301/0EC4.5 33 ECC 150 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 33 15 000 15.6 3.51301/0EC4.5 33 ECC 150 120 to 160 3.0 to 4.0 . . 33 15 000 15.6 3.51301/0EC6 33 ECDE 150 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 33 15 000 15.6 3.51301/0EC6 33 ECDE 150 90 2.25 . . 33 15 000 15.6 3.51301/0EC6 33 ECDE 150 120 to 160
49、3.0 to 4.0 . . 33 15 000 15.6 3.51301/0EC9 33 ECG 150 20 to 40 0.5 to 1.0 . . 33 15 000 13.3 3.01301/0EC9 33 ECG 150 40 to 80 1.0 to 2.0 . . 33 15 000 13.3 3.01301/0EC9 33 ECG 150 52 1.3 . . 33 15 000 13.3 3.01301/0EC9 33 ECG 150 120 to 160 3.0 to 4.0 . . 33 15 000 13.3 3.0D578054TABLE 2 ContinuedYarn DesignationANominal TwistApproximate Yarn Number(Bare Glass)BBreaking Strength,Individual Minimum“Z “S”SI Unit(tex)Inch-PoundUnittpm tpi tpm tpi tex yd/lb N lbf1301/0EC9 33 ECG 150 224 5.6 . . 33 15 000 13.3 3.01301/0EC9 33 ECG 150 280 7.0 . . 33 15 000 13.3 3.01301/0
