1、Designation: D2463 10bD2463 15Standard Test Method forDrop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded ThermoplasticContainers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2463; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method provides measures of a means to assess the drop impact resistance of water-filled, blow-mo
3、ldedthermoplastic containers as containers, which is a summation of the effects of material, manufacturing conditions, container design,and perhaps other factors.1.2 ThreeTwo procedures are provided as follows:1.2.1 Procedure A, Static Drop Height MethodThis procedure is particularly useful for qual
4、ity control since it is quick.1.2.2 Procedure B, Bruceton Staircase MethodThis procedure is used to determine the mean failure height and the standarddeviation of the distribution.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for info
5、rmationonly.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the a
6、pplicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B177 Guide for Engineering Chromium ElectroplatingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method1 This test method is
7、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and MoldedProducts.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010April 1, 2015. Published September 2010April 2015. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved i
8、n 2010 asD2463 - 10a.D2463 - 10b. DOI: 10.1520/D2463-10B.10.1520/D2463-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the
9、ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users cons
10、ult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
11、 PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Society of Plastics Industry Standard:PBI-4 Test for Drop Impact Resistance of Plastic Bottles33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms found in this test method refer to Terminology D883.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 f
12、ailure, nany rupture visible to an observer with the unaided eye and normal eyesight is considered a failure; thisincludes also any evidence of contained liquid on the outside of the container through any aperture other than the molded opening.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The drop impact resistance
13、is determined by dropping conditioned blow-molded containers filled with water from a platformonto a prescribed surface. Data developed with a water-filled container are not always representative of what might be expectedwith a carbonated liquid, an aerosol pack, a product of high specific gravity,
14、or a powder of low bulk density.4.1.1 Procedure A consists of dropping at least 20 containers from a fixed height and reporting the percent failures.4.1.2 Procedure B consists of dropping at least 20 test containers from varying heights above and below the mean failure heightof the set. A mean failu
15、re height and standard deviation are then calculated from the data.5. Significance and Use5.1 These procedures provide measures of a means to assess the drop impact resistance of the group or lot of blown containersfrom which the test specimens were selected.5.2 It is acceptable to use these procedu
16、res for routine inspection purposes.5.3 These procedures will evaluate the combined effect of construction, materials, and processing conditions on the impactresistance of the blown containers.5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference the specification of the material being tested. Any
17、test specimenpreparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shalltake precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.6. Apparatus6.1 Drop Tes
18、ting Machine (see Fig. 1), having the following features:6.1.1 Aplatform (see Fig. 2) upon which to set the test specimens, which can be raised or lowered either manually or by meansof an electric motor.6.1.2 The platform shall be adjustable to make it suitable for being leveled but shall also be st
19、able so that it will not tilt underthe weight of the test specimen.6.1.3 The platform shall be spring-loaded so that upon release it will move rapidly out of the path of the test specimen and willnot interfere with its fall.6.1.4 A manually or electrically operated platform release mechanism that wi
20、ll hold the platform securely when being loadedbut will release the platform instantaneously and will not interfere with its path of travel.6.2 A surface on which the containers are dropped consisting of a flat hot-rolled steel plate, or equivalent, with minimumdimensions of 1000 mm by 1000 mm by 13
21、 mm (36 in. by 36 in. by 12 in.) having an unpolished chrome-plated surface, platedin accordance with Practice B177, and securely attached to an industrial concrete surface or floor, so that the line of drop of thecontainers is perpendicular to the chrome-plated surface.6.3 A means of measuring the
22、height of the platform above the impact surface.6.3.1 If a more stringent impact test is desired, securely fasten a positioning jig capable of holding a test container at the properangle for a 45 angle impact to the platform. When such a jig is used, the drop height must be measured from the lowest
23、part ofthe container. Precision data are not available for testing under these conditions.7. Test Specimens7.1 A minimum of 20 containers shall be selected so they are representative of the lot being tested for any one of the testprocedures. These shall be fitted with suitable closures.8. Preparatio
24、n of Apparatus8.1 Periodically, or before each test series, check the platform of the drop impact machine, and adjust it if necessary, to ensurethat the specimen will strike the impact area squarely on the desired surface. If this is necessary, use the following procedure:3 Available from the Societ
25、y of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 1295 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005.D2463 1528.1.1 Move the platform to the approximate mean failure height of the containers to be tested with a specimen on the platformin the desired position.8.1.2 Release the platform allowing the specimen to fall onto the
26、impact surface.8.1.3 Take a snapshot picture of the container just before it strikes the impact surface. Two photographs shall be taken at rightangles to each other to ascertain that the container impacts as desiredfront to back and side to side. The position of the containerrelative to the impact s
27、urface as it appears in the photographs will indicate whether or not adjustments in the platform are necessary.8.1.3.1 When photographs are taken, set up the camera approximately 300 mm (12 in.) above and 1800 mm (72 in.) from theimpact area.NOTE 2A camera from which prints are immediately available
28、 is most suitable.8.1.4 Make Inspect the photographs and make adjustments in the platform and repeat the procedure as specified in 8.1.38.1.1as necessary.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Dropping ContainersFIG. 2 Platform AssemblyD2463 1539. Conditioning9.1 Fill containers with tap water to their nominal fill c
29、apacity and condition them uncapped for 24 h at 23 6 2C (73 6 3.6F).9.2 If the test is intended for immediate quality control, fill the containers with room temperature water and test at thattemperature. A correlation shall have been previously developed by the testing laboratory between this type o
30、f test and thatrequiring 24-h conditioning.9.2.1 It is acceptable to use conditioning temperatures other than 23 6 2C if desired, provided such conditioning is reportedand adequate precautions are taken to ensure the containers are at that temperature during testing.10. Procedure10.1 Procedure A:10.
31、1.1 Set the platform at the test height of interest.10.1.2 Drop at least 20 containers individually recording failures and non-failures.10.2 Procedure B:10.2.1 This procedure, used to determine the mean failure height of the test specimens, is called the “Up and Down” or BrucetonStaircase Method. It
32、 consists of dropping a set of test specimens from various heights, the drop height being raised or lowereddepending on the result obtained on the specimen most recently tested; that is, if the previous specimen failed, the drop height islowered; if the previous specimen did not fail, the drop heigh
33、t is raised.10.2.2 Drop the first test container from 300 mm (12 in.) below the expected mean failure height. If the mean failure height isunknown several trial samples shall be tested by way of the staircase procedure to obtain at least two failures and two non-failuresto establish the starting hei
34、ght.10.2.3 Visually inspect and squeeze the container gently after impact to determine any pinhole type failures.10.2.3.1 FailureThe container has failed a test if any one of the following occurs (see 3.2.1): (a) any rupture is visible withthe unaided eye by an observer who has normal eyesight, or (
35、b) any evidence is found of contained liquid on the outside of thecontainer through any aperture other than the molded opening.10.2.4 If the first test container dropped did not fail, drop the second container from a height of 300 mm (12 in.) higher. If thefirst container failed, drop the second con
36、tainer from a height of 300 mm (12 in.) lower.10.2.5 Continue the testing until a minimum of 20 test containers have been dropped, raising or lowering the platform oneinterval (300 mm (12 in.) depending on the results obtained on the most recently tested container.10.2.6 Record the drop height and t
37、he results (failed or did not fail) on each container tested.10.2.6 If the increment in height of drop is different from 300 mm (12 in.), the appropriate increment must be reported and usedin the calculations in 11.2.10.3 Once completing either Procedure A or Procedure B, squeeze the container gentl
38、y after impact to determine any pinholetype failures.10.3 If a cap pops off during impact, consider that sample as a NO TEST and replace the sample with another container.10.5 FailureThe container has failed a test if any one of the following occurs (see 3.2.1): (a) any rupture is visible with theun
39、aided eye by an observer who has normal eyesight, or (b) any evidence is found of contained liquid on the outside of thecontainer through any aperture other than the molded opening.11. Calculations11.1 Procedure A:11.1.1 The percentage failures is calculated as follows:Failure,%5X/N! 3100where:X = n
40、umber of failures, andN = number of containers tested.11.2 Procedure B (see X1.1 and Table X1.2 for clarification):11.2.1 Mean Failure HeightCalculate the mean failure height from the test data obtained from Procedure B as follows:h 5ho 1dA/N!6#where:h = mean failure height,d = increment in height o
41、f drop,N = number of failures or non-failures whichever is lesser,ho = lowest height at which any one of N occurs, andD2463 154A = (i5oi2k ini where ho, h1, h2, h3, etc., are the heights in progressive order of magnitude in the range of heights where N occurs,i is the subscript of h, and n is the nu
42、mber of failures or non-failures, whichever is pertinent at the level of i. The negativesign is used in the parentheses to calculate h when N refers to failures and the positive sign when N is the number ofnon-failures.A = (i5oi2k inI where ho, h1, h2, h3, etc., are the heights in progressive order
43、of magnitude in the range of heights where N occurs,i is the subscript of h, and n is the number of failures or non-failures, whichever is pertinent at the level of i. The negativesign is used in the parentheses to calculate h when N refers to failures and the positive sign when N is the number ofno
44、n-failures.11.2.2 Cumulative Mean Failure Height (Graphical Method)See Table X1.2 for clarification.11.2.3 Standard DeviationCalculate the estimated deviation of the individual measurements from:s 51.620d NB2A2N2 10.029where:d, N, and A are as in 11.2.1 andB 5(i5oi5k i2ni12. Report12.1 Report the fo
45、llowing information:12.1.1 A complete description of the containers tested including size, style, material, method of processing, weight, date ofmanufacture, lot number, and any other information that would be important.12.1.2 Description of contents if other than water, conditioning period, and tem
46、perature if other than 23 6 2C (73 6 3.6F).12.1.3 The number of containers tested.12.1.4 The test procedure used and the following:12.1.4.1 For Procedure A: (1) Percentage of failures and the drop height.12.1.4.2 For Procedure B: (1) Calculated mean failure height,(2) Estimated standard deviation,(3
47、) Increment in height of drop,(4) Lowest drop height at which a container failed, and(5) Highest drop height at which a container did not fail.NOTE 2(4) and (5) of 12.1.4.2 indicate the range over which the containers were tested.13. Precision and Bias413.1 An interlaboratory study was conducted usi
48、ng PVC bottles from one manufacturer. The average between-laboratorycoefficients of variation were as follows:Procedure A46%Procedure B38%Procedure C20%13.2 An interlaboratory study was conducted using PE bottles from one manufacturer. The average between-laboratorycoefficient of variation using Pro
49、cedure B was 16 %.13.3 An interlaboratory study (seven laboratories) was conducted by the Test Methods Subcommittee of the Plastics BottleInstitute of the Society of the Plastics Industry using one size of PVC bottles and two sizes of PE bottles.The testing was conductedas described in Technical Bulletin PBI-4. The procedure in PBI-4 is equivalent to Procedure A of this test method. The results areas follows:Bottle,oz Mate-rialDropHeight,ftValues expressed as % FailedBased on 20 BottlesAverage S(r) S(R) I(r) I(R)7.5 PVC 4 41.1 13.6 15.2 38.6 43.064 HDPE 5
