1、Designation: D 2563 94 (Reapproved 2002)e1Standard Practice forClassifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced PlasticLaminate Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEEditorially revised 1
3、.2 in March 2002.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual in-spection of parts made from glass-reinforced plastic laminates.1.2 This practice presents word descriptions of possibledefects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, productspecifications, and final inspection.
4、1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection re-quirements for levels of product quality.1.4 The allowable size and frequency of permitted defectswithin the acceptance level categories of this specification aregeneral and not related to specific service requirements. ALevel IV of allowabl
5、e defects which defines allowable size,frequency, and permitted repair procedures should be estab-lished for specific service requirements as agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and the supplier.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are f
6、or informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to
7、use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.2. Acceptance Criteria2.1 The method and frequency of sampling and the allow-able defects may be previously agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.2.2 Dimensions and TolerancesParts shall be inspectedfor conformance with dimensions
8、 and tolerances specified onthe drawings. Any dimensions falling outside the specifiedlimits shall be cause for rejection.2.3 InsertsAll inserts, nuts, studs, and lugs shall not bedamaged in any way, nor coated with laminate materials insuch a way as to impair function or mechanical fit. Threads inm
9、olded-in inserts shall be clean, smooth, free of nicks, tears, orother damage. There shall be no laminate materials or flash onthe threads. If necessary, threaded inserts may be retapped toclean them or remove flash. Threads containing locking fea-tures or coated for corrosion resistance shall not b
10、e retapped.2.4 Molded-In Threads or Cored Holes Molded-inthreads or cored holes shall be free of visible defects such aschips, cracks, shorts, etc. Molded-in threads may be retappedor repaired unless otherwise specifically noted on the productdrawings.2.5 WorkmanshipWorkmanship shall be in accordanc
11、ewith good commercial practices as listed in Table 1 forapplicable acceptance levels.2.6 Critical AreaSome portions of a part may be consid-ered more critical than others. A critical area is here defined asan area in which the presence of imperfections is considered tobe most detrimental. The areas
12、of parts that are criticalstructurally, aerodynamically, or electrically shall be uniformand free of defects as listed in Table 1, if so stated on theproduct drawing. Critical areas may be designated on theproduct drawing by one of the following methods:2.6.1 Encircle critical areas, or2.6.2 Cross-h
13、atch areas to designate areas of various levels,or2.6.3 Word description.2.7 Allowable Defects, VisualThe defects in noncriticalareas which by nature, content, or frequency do not affectserviceability of the part are designated as allowable defects.Allowable defects shall be fully described as to ty
14、pe, size,number, extent allowed, and spacing. The appropriate accep-tance level (Table 1) for defects in these areas must bespecified. Where Level IV is used the defects must be fullydescribed on the product drawing. Defects greater than those1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee
15、 D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced ThermosettingPlastics.Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originallypublished as D 2563 66 T. Last previous edition D 2563 70 (1987)e1.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
16、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.listed in the product specifications, drawings, or contracts forthe part shall be cause for rejection.2.8 Repairable DefectsRepairable defects, if any, shallconsist of those which can be repaired without affecting theserviceability of th
17、e part unless prohibited in the productdrawing or in the contract. Acceptable methods of repair shallbe agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller and shallbe only as specified in the product drawing or contracts for thepart.2.9 Surface FinishThe over-all surface finish of laminatesmay vary wi
18、th the process used and the type of reinforcement.Unless surface finish is specified on part drawings, contracts, ororders from the purchaser, parts shall not be rejected for anyreading less than 150 rms. Defects shall be considered as notincluded in over-all surface finish.2.10 Surface AppearanceTh
19、e surface appearance orcolor, or both, of laminated parts can vary considerablydepending on the process used to make the laminate, thickness,type of reinforcement, type of resin, resin-to-reinforcementratio and the presence of defects. Any questions concerningsurface appearance and its influence on
20、the properties of thepart should be brought to the attention of the responsiblematerials engineer.3. Acceptance Levels3.1 Visual InspectionEach part shall be checked visuallywithout the aid of magnification. Defects shall be classified asto type and level as shown in Table 1 (see Note 2). Theaccepta
21、ble quality level shall be determined by reference to thepart drawing for the applicable acceptance level for allowabledefects. If none of the first three levels (Level I, II, III) isconsidered applicable, the level shall be Level IV, and allow-able defects must be specified on the product drawing.
22、Anyexcess of defects as specified under the required level shall because for rejection. Unless otherwise specified, dimensions aresurface dimensions.NOTE 2Typical defects as outlined in the word descriptions of Table1 are illustrated in Figs. 1-21.23.2 Acceptance Level IPresence of any defects in ex
23、cessof those listed in Table 1, Level I, shall be cause for rejection,unless otherwise specified in Table 1, Level I.3.3 Acceptance Level IIPresence of more than one defectof those listed in Table 1, Level II, for each estimated 10 in.2of surface shall be cause for rejection, unless otherwisespecifi
24、ed in Table 1, Level II. No defect area shall be less than2 in. from another.3.4 Acceptance Level IIIPresence of more than two de-fects of those listed in Table 1, Level III, for each estimated 13mm (5 in.)2of surface shall be cause for rejection, unlessotherwise specified in Table 1, Level III. No
25、defect area shallbe less than 1 in. from another.3.5 Acceptance Level IVTo be specified on the productdrawing.4. Keywords4.1 reinforced thermosetting plastics; visual defectsTABLE 1 Allowable DefectsName DefinitionVisual Acceptance LevelsLevel I Level II Level IIIChip a small piece broken off an edg
26、e or surface none maximum dimension of break, 3.0 mm(18 in.)maximum dimension of break, 6.5 mm(14 in.)Crack an actual separation of the laminate, visible onopposite surfaces, and extending through thethicknessnone none noneCrack, surface crack existing only on the surface of thelaminatenone maximum
27、length, 3.0 mm (18 in.) maximum length 6.5 mm (14 in.)Crazing fine cracks at or under the surface of alaminatenone maximum dimension of crazing, 13 mm(12 in.)maximum dimension of crazing, 25 mm(1 in.).frequency and location to be determined by customerDelamination, edge separation of the layers of m
28、aterial at the edgeof a laminatenone maximum dimension, 3.0 mm (18 in.) maximum dimension, 6.5 mm (14 in.)Delamination,internalseparation of the layers of material in alaminatenone none noneDry-spot area of incomplete surface film where thereinforcement has not been wetted with resinnone maximum dia
29、meter, 9.5 mm (38 in.) maximum diameter, 14 mm (916 in.)Foreign inclusion(metallic)metallic particles included in a laminate whichare foreign to its compositionnone none, if for electrical use; maximumdimension, 0.8 mm (132 in.), 1/0.09m2(1 ft2), if for mechanical usenone, if for electrical use; max
30、imumdimension, 1.5 mm (116 in.), 1/0.09m2(1 ft2), if for mechanical useForeign inclusion(nonmetallic)nonmetallic particles of substance included in alaminate which seem foreign to its compositionnone maximum dimension, 0.8 mm (132 in.),1/0.09 m2(1 ft2)maximum dimension, 1.5 mm (116 in.);1/0.09 m2(1
31、ft2)Fracture rupture of laminate surface without completepenetrationnone maximum dimension, 21 mm (1316 in.) maximum dimension, 29 mm (118 in.)Air bubble (void) air entrapment within and between the plies ofreinforcement, usually spherical in shapenone maximum diameter, 1.5 mm (116 in.);2/in.2maximu
32、m diameter, 3.0 mm (18 in.);4/in.2Blister rounded elevation of the surface of a laminate,with boundaries that may be more or lesssharply defined, somewhat resembling in shapea blister on the human skinnone maximum diameter, 3.0 mm (18 in.);height from surface not to be outsidedrawing tolerancemaximu
33、m diameter, 6.5 mm (14 in.);height from surface not to be outsidedrawing tolerance2Full-size (8 by 10-in.) glossy prints of these typical defects are available at anominal charge from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct: ADJD2563.D 2563 94 (2002)e12Name DefinitionVisual Acceptance LevelsLevel I Level I
34、I Level IIIBurned showing evidence of thermal decompositionthrough some discoloration, distortion, ordestruction of the surface of the laminatenone none noneFish-eye small globular mass which has not blendedcompletely into the surrounding material and isparticularly evident in a transparent ortransl
35、ucent materialnone maximum diameter, 9.5 mm (38 in.) maximum diameter, 13 mm (12 in.)Lack of fillout an area, occurring usually at the edge of alaminated plastic, where the reinforcement hasnot been wetted with resinnone maximum diameter, 6.5 mm (14 in.) maximum diameter, 9.5 mm (38 in.)Orange-peel
36、uneven surface somewhat resembling anorange peelnone maximum diameter, 14 mm (916 in.) maximum diameter, 29 mm (118 in.)Pimple small, sharp, or conical elevation on thesurface of a laminatenone none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm (18 in.)Pit (pinhole) small crater in the surface of a laminate, withits wid
37、th approximately of the same order ofmagnitude as its depthnone maximum diameter, 0.4 mm (164 in.);depth less than 1 percent of wallthicknessmaximum diameter, 0.8 mm (132 in.);depth less than 20 percent of wallthicknessfrequency and location to be determined by customerPorosity (pinhole) presence of
38、 numerous visible pits (pinholes) none maximum of 25 pits (pinholes) inporous area of size listed in Level IImaximum of 50 pits (pinholes) inporous area of size listed in Level IIIPre-gel an unintentional extra layer of cured resin onpart of the surface of the laminate(This condition does not includ
39、e gel coats.)none maximum dimension, 6.5 mm (14 in.);height above surface not to be outsidedrawing tolerancemaximum dimension, 13 mm (12 in.);height above surface not to be outsidedrawing toleranceResin-pocket an apparent accumulation of excess resin in asmall localized area within the laminatenone
40、maximum diameter, 3.0 mm (18 in.) maximum diameter, 6.5 mm (12 in.)Resin-rich edge insufficient reinforcing material at the edge ofmolded laminatenone maximum, 0.4 mm (164 in.) from theedgemaximum, 0.8 mm (132 in.) from theedgeShrink-mark (sink) depression in the surface of a molded laminatewhere it
41、 has retracted from the moldnone maximum diameter, 9.5 mm (38 in.);depth not greater than 25 percent ofwall thicknessmaximum diameter, 14 mm (916 in.);depth not greater than 25 percent ofwall thicknessWash area where the reinforcement of molded plastichas moved inadvertently during closure of themol
42、d resulting in resin-rich areasnone maximum dimension, 21 mm (1316 in.) maximum dimension, 29 mm (118 in.)Wormhole elongated air entrapment which is either in ornear the surface of a laminate and may becovered by a thin film of cured resinnone maximum diameter, 3.0 mm (18 in.) maximum diameter, 6.5
43、mm (14 in.)Wrinkles in a laminate, an imperfection that has theappearance of a wave molded into one or moreplies of fabric or other reinforcement materialnone maximum length surface side, 13 mm(12 in.); maximum length opposite side,13 mm (12 in.); depth less than 10percent of wall thicknessmaximum l
44、ength surface side, 25 mm(1 in.); maximum length opposite side,25 mm (1 in.); depth less than 15percent of wall thicknessScratch shallow mark, groove, furrow, or channelcaused by improper handling or storagenone maximum length, 25 mm (1.0 in.);maximum depth, 0.125 (0.005 in.)maximum length, 25 mm (1
45、.0 in.);maximum depth, 0.255 (0.010 in.)Short in a laminate, an incompletely filled outconditionNOTEthis may be evident either throughan absence of surface film in some areas, oras lighter unfused particles of material showingthrough a covering surface film, possiblyaccompanied by thin-skinned blist
46、ersnone none noneD 2563 94 (2002)e13FIG. 1 Chips (A), Surface Cracks (B), Interply Delamination (C)D 2563 94 (2002)e14FIG. 2 CrazingD 2563 94 (2002)e15FIG. 3 Delamination by Improper MachiningD 2563 94 (2002)e16FIG. 4 DelaminationD 2563 94 (2002)e17FIG. 5 Dry-SpotD 2563 94 (2002)e18FIG. 6 Foreign In
47、clusionD 2563 94 (2002)e19FIG. 7 FracturesD 2563 94 (2002)e110FIG. 8 BlisterD 2563 94 (2002)e111FIG. 9 Edge SegregationD 2563 94 (2002)e112FIG. 10 Fish EyeD 2563 94 (2002)e113FIG. 11 Lack of FilloutD 2563 94 (2002)e114FIG. 12 PorosityD 2563 94 (2002)e115FIG. 13 Pre-GelD 2563 94 (2002)e116FIG. 14 Res
48、in-PocketD 2563 94 (2002)e117FIG. 15 Resin-Rich CrackD 2563 94 (2002)e118FIG. 16 Resin-Rich EdgeD 2563 94 (2002)e119FIG. 17 ScratchD 2563 94 (2002)e120FIG. 18 Shrink MarksD 2563 94 (2002)e121FIG. 19 WashD 2563 94 (2002)e122FIG. 20 Worm HoleD 2563 94 (2002)e123FIG. 21 WrinklesASTM International takes
49、 no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.
