1、Designation: D 2724 07Standard Test Methods forBonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for characterizingt
3、he delamination, strength of bond, appearance, and shrinkagepropensity of bonded, fused, and laminated apparel fabricsafter drycleaning and laundering.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard; the values in parentheses are provided as informationonly.1.3 This standard may invo
4、lve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limi
5、tations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 4850 Terminology Relating to FabricE 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a P
6、sy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 AATCC Standard:124 Appearance of Durable Press Fabrics After RepeatedHome Launderings33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric TestMethods, General, refer to Terminology D 4850.3.1.1 The following terms are
7、relevant to this standard:blister, bonded fabric, bond strength, bubble, crack mark, foamtear, fused fabric, fusible fabric, interlining, laminated fabric,lot, puckering, solvent, relative humidity.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summ
8、ary of Test Methods4.1 Bench marks are placed at specified distances on thefabrics, which are then measured, and subsequently dry-cleaned, or laundered and dried, or both, through a prescribedcycle that is repeated a specified number of times. Thedrycleaned or washed specimens are examined for appea
9、ranceand delamination and measured to determine any accompany-ing shrinkage and, if desired, tested to determine the strength ofthe bond.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods for the determination of propertiesof bonded, fused, or laminated apparel fabrics, are consideredsatisfactory for acc
10、eptance testing of commercial shipments ofbonded and laminated apparel fabrics since the methods havebeen used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests shou
11、ld be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-parative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn fromthe same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparateresults during i
12、nitial testing. Randomly assign specimens inequal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from thelaboratories involved should be compared using a statisticaltest for unpaired data and a probability level chosen prior to thetesting series. If bias is found, either its cause must be foundand cor
13、rected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Drycleaning Machine,4single-unit, coin-operated type,capable of providing a complete automatic dry-to-dry cycleusing perchlorethylene. It shall consist of a commercial ro
14、tat-ing cage type, totally enclosed machine. The diameter of the1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric TestMethods, General.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Origin
15、allyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2724 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM Wev site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
16、 ASTM web site.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.4Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sta
17、tes.rotating cage shall be not less than 600 mm (24 in.) and notmore than 1080 mm (42 in.). Its depth shall be not less than 300mm (12 in.). It shall be fitted with two to four lifters. The speedshall be such as to give a g-factor between 0.5 and 0.9 forcleaning and between 35 and 120 for extraction
18、. The machineshall be equipped with thermometers for the measurement ofthe solvent temperature and the air drying temperature.NOTE 1The g-factor is calculated using Eq 1 or Eq 2:g 5 1.42n2D/100 000 (1)g 5 5.59n2d/10 000 000 (2)where:n = revolutions per minute,D = cage diameter, in., andd = cage diam
19、eter, mm.6.2 Domestic Automatic Washer,4top-loading, spin-extracting type.6.3 Domestic Automatic Tumble Dryer,4front-loading type.6.4 Aspirated Psychrometer, which meets the requirementsof Test Method E 337.6.5 Marking Device4A thin sheet of stainless steel orother rigid flat material in which a squ
20、are opening 254 by 254mm (10 by 10 in.) has been cut.6.6 Rule, 305-mm (12-in.) or longer, preferably divided intotenths of an inch. A premarked device calibrated to give thepercentage of shrinkage or growth may also be used.6.7 Sewing Machine, suitable for sewing a single row ofstitching, preferably
21、 with No. 00 mercerized cotton thread, 25mm (1 in.) from the edge of the fabric specimen.6.8 Steam Iron, hand type.6.9 Steam Press,4a press, 600 by 1250 mm (24 by 50 in.),or larger, provided with 60 to 70 psig steam pressure at thepress. Any steam press large enough for pressing a specimen380 mm (15
22、 in.) square may be used.6.10 Tensile Testing Machine, conforming to SpecificationD76, either a constant rate of traverse type4or a constant rateof extension type, equipped with clamps having a width of 76.2mm (3.00 in.) and preferably calibrated in kilograms with arange from 0 to 4.5 kg (0 to 160 o
23、z). The constant rate ofextension type machine is preferred because of the inherentlylower machine-induced errors in this type of machine.6.11 Detergent, home laundry type.6.12 Perchlorethylene, commercial grade.NOTE 2Warning: Perchlorethylene is toxic, and the usual precau-tions for handling chlori
24、nated solvents should be taken. It should be usedonly under well-ventilated conditions. The solvent is nonflammable.6.13 Drycleaning Detergent,4anionic drycleaning deter-gent.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in anap
25、plicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary sampling units.NOTE 3An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween rolls of fab
26、ric and between specimens from a swatch from a rollof fabric so as to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producersrisk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take a full width swatch 1 m (1 yd)
27、 long from theend of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first discardinga minimum of1m(1yd)offabric from the very outside of theroll.7.3 Test SpecimensProceed as follows:7.3.1 Drycleaning and LaunderingCut four specimensfrom each swatch in the laboratory sample with each specimenbeing 380
28、by 380 mm (15 by 15 in.) in size, with the one sideof the specimens from a single swatch parallel to the selvage.Locate two of the specimens from each swatch about13 of thedistance from one selvage and locate the other two specimensfrom each swatch about13 of the distance from the otherselvage. Loca
29、te each of the two specimens from one side of theswatch along a diagonal line on the swatch so that they willcontain different warp ends and filling picks. Sew a straightline of stitching around each specimen 25 mm (1 in.) from eachedge. Reserve the rest of the swatch for comparison with thedryclean
30、ed and laundered test specimens.7.3.2 Strength of BondPrepare three test specimens, eachmeasuring 76 mm (3 in.) wide, and 152 mm (6 in.) long, thelength of the specimens corresponding to the lengthwisedirection of the fabric. Do not take the test specimens closer tothe selvage than a distance equal
31、to 20 % of the fabric width.NOTE 4Samples that are 51 mm (2 in.) wide may be used as theminimum width.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the samples from the prevailing atmosphere andcondition them for at least4hinthestandard atmosphere fortesting textiles as directed in Practice D 1776 if shrinkage is tobe d
32、etermined. Preconditioning is not necessary.9. Specimen Preparation9.1 Using an indelible fineline marker, mark a 254 by 254mm (10 by 10 in.) reference square centrally located on theface of each test specimen. Apply three sets of referencemarkings 254 6 2mm(106 0.1 in.) apart, as measured witha rul
33、e, in the direction of the fabric length. Locate the markingswithin 25 mm (1 in.) of each end and at the midpoint of eachside of the square. Similarly, apply three sets of markings in thedirection of the fabric width. Any other method of accuratelylocating the 254-mm (10-in.) reference marks is sati
34、sfactory aslong as the three marks on each side of the square are at least105 mm (4 in.) apart.10. Drycleaning ProcedureNOTE 5Launderable fabrics are expected normally to be dryclean-able, except where the face fabric is not drycleanable and is so labeled. Forexample, the fabric could contain a func
35、tional finish soluble in the solvent,or the fiber could be degraded by the solvent, which would be the casewith poly(vinyl chloride) fiber.10.1 Solvent PreparationPrepare a standard detergent/drycleaning solvent mixture by adding sufficient detergent tothe solvent to make a 1 % volume/volume solutio
36、n. Addsufficient water to the solution to give a solvent relativeD2724072humidity level of 75 % for the particular drycleaning detergentused. Put this solvent in the machine storage tank. The samesolution can be used for repeated cleanings until it becomesdirty and needs replacing as long as the nec
37、essary wateradditions to maintain the solvent relative humidity constant aremade prior to each test run. This is so because the specimensbeing run could conceivably alter the solvent relative humidityfor succeeding test runs while the detergent level would remainconstant.10.2 Sample and Dummy Load P
38、reparation Prepare aload consisting of all specimens to be tested and made up to 3.6kg (8 lb) total with dummy load of approximately 380 by380-mm (15 by 15-in.) fabric pieces of similar material.Condition this load at least4hinthestandard atmosphere fortesting textiles. After the drycleaning operati
39、on, condition theload again before running through each additional drycleaningcycle. Conditioning before each drycleaning cycle is intendedto minimize depletion of water from the drycleaning solutionspecified in 10.1.1 which may affect shrinkage results.10.3 Drycleaning ProcedureRun through the comp
40、letedry-to-dry cycle in the machine. Run the solvent phase of thedrycleaning cycle with the solvent no higher than 32C (90F).During the drying phase of the drycleaning cycle, either the airoutlet temperature should not exceed 60C (140F) or the inletair temperature should not exceed 80C (175F). If he
41、at-sensitive fibers, for example, modacrylic fibers, are involved,the outlet air temperature should not exceed 40C (105F) orthe inlet air temperature should not exceed 60C (140F).Afterthe complete drycleaning cycle, remove the sample frommachine for examination and reconditioning.10.4 Repeat the dry
42、cleaning operation through two addi-tional cycles. At the end of the third cycle remove the testspecimens from the machine, lay on a flat surface, smooth thetest specimens by hand, and examine. Press the test specimensusing the steam press according to the following cycle:10.4.1 Five seconds steam w
43、ith head up.10.4.2 Five seconds dry hot press with head down, 145 to151C (293 to 303F) of steam pressure at the press.10.4.3 Five seconds vacuum, steam off, head down.10.4.4 Five seconds vacuum, steam off, head up.10.4.5 Allow the pressed specimens to condition in thestandard atmosphere for testing
44、textiles for at least 4 h.10.5 Measure the distance between each of the six sets ofreference marks on each test specimen.10.6 Lay the fabric flat on a table or board with a surfacerough enough so that the fabric side touching the table will notreadily slide. Examine each test specimen for any eviden
45、ce ofdelamination. Place the fingers on the specimen and attempt toslide the upper fabric layer over the bottom or intermediarysubstrate. If in doubt, make a small cut through the specimenwith scissors to determine if any separation of substrates hasoccurred. Turn the fabric over and make the same t
46、ype ofexamination on the other side.10.7 Examine the face fabric for any alteration in appear-ance as compared with the original sample. This may be donewith conventional room lighting, or with “Lighting Equipmentfor Viewing Test Specimens,” as described in Fig. 1 ofAATCCMethod 124 1984. Examine onl
47、y the area of the test speci-men bounded by the stitching.11. Laundering Procedure11.1 Machine LaunderingWash the test specimens in theautomatic home laundry machine, using 50 g of laundrydetergent, or a sufficient amount to give a safe suds level, at theapplicable domestic automatic temperature and
48、 procedureunder which the fabric is to be marketed. In the absence of thisinformation use the “normal” cycle and high water levelsettings and determine the washing temperature according tothe fabric type and construction as follows:11.1.1 Face fabrics containing 20 % or more of wool,acetate, modacry
49、lic, or acrylic fibers, 41 6 3C (105 6 5F).11.1.2 Face fabrics of tricots, circular knits, woven nylon,and print fabrics other than those described under 11.1.1,4963C (120 6 5F).11.1.3 All other woven face fabrics, 60 6 3C (140 6 5F).11.2 Load for Machine LaunderingUse a total load of 1.8kg (4 lb) including test specimens plus a dummy load ofapproximately 380 by 380 mm (15 by 15 in.) fabrics of similarfabric construction. Load all fabrics in the flat position.11.3 Hand LaunderingIf the fabrics are to be designated“Hand Washable,” dissolve 20 g
