1、Designation: D3322 82 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forTesting Primers and Primer Surfacers Over PreformedMetal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing primers and primer surfacers. The test method
3、sincluded are listed in Table 1.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user o
4、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusC540 Test Method for Image Gloss of Porcelain EnamelSurfaces3
5、D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating Pr
6、oductsD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel SurfacesD658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Air Blast Abrasive3D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD714
7、Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings
8、 by Falling AbrasiveD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base3D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pi
9、gmented Organic FinishesD1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal Base3D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoatingsD1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formationof Organic Coatings at Room T
10、emperatureD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD1731 Practices for Preparation of Hot-Dip AluminumSurfaces for PaintingD1732 Practices for Prepara
11、tion of Magnesium Alloy Sur-faces for PaintingD1733 Method of Preparation of Aluminum Alloy Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products3D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water Fog ApparatusD1737 Test Method for Elongation of Attached OrganicCoatings wit
12、h Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus3D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of LacquersD2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)Steel Surfaces for Painting3D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings byScrape Adhesion1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on P
13、aint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3322 82 (2
14、005).DOI: 10.1520/D3322-82R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved v
15、ersion of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and Zinc-Alloy-Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and RelatedCoating Pro
16、ductsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2246 Test Method for Finishes on Primed Metallic Sub-strates fro Humidity-Thermal Cycle Cracking3D2248 Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Fin-ishesD2454 Practice for D
17、etermining the Effect of Overbakingon Organic CoatingsD2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance ofOrganic Coatings on MetalD3170 Test Method for Chipping Resistance of CoatingsD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Testst
18、he Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological Attack2.2 Federal Test Methods:4141B/6011 Immersion Resistance141B/6271.1 Mildew Resistance141B/6321 Sanding Characteristics2.3 U. S. Military Specification:4MIL-P-46105 Primer Coating, Weld-Through, Zinc-Rich3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 pri
19、mer, nthe first of two or more coats of paint,varnish, or lacquer system (same as in Terminology D16).3.1.2 primer surfacer, na pigmented coating for fillingminor irregularities which is sanded to obtain a smoothuniform surface preparatory to applying finish coats. A primersurfacer is not usually ap
20、plied over a primer.4. Significance and Use4.1 Primers and primer surfacers may be used over manydifferent surfaces top coated with one or more of a variety ofcoatings and subjected to many kinds of wear and exposure.4.2 The selection of the tests to be used for any givenproduct or system must be go
21、verned by experience and by therequirement agreed upon between the producer and the user.5. Panel Preparation5.1 Treatment of SubstratePreparation of test panelsshould include any cleaning treatment agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller or one of the following ASTMPractices: D609, D1730, D
22、1731, D1732, D2201; GuideD2092; and Method D1733.5.2 Substrate, Film Thickness, and Application MeansConduct performance tests on the specified substrate oncoatings having a film thickness agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller. Primers are generally applied to a dryfilm thickness of 8 to 3
23、8 m (0.3 to 1.5 mil) and primersurfacers to film thickness of 17 to 50 m (0.7 to 2.0 mil).Unless otherwise agreed upon, apply primers and primersurfacers in accordance with Practices D823.5.3 Measurement of Film ThicknessSince the propertiesof the primer or primer surfacer can vary considerably with
24、 thethickness of the coating, it is important to know the filmthickness. Measure the film thickness in accordance with TestMethods D1400, D1005,orD1186.5.4 Drying of Primer or Primer Surfacer:5.4.1 Before tests are run, air dry or bake the primer orprimer surfacer according to the schedule and tempe
25、rature andage as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.5.4.2 Overbake the primer or primer surfacer to determinethe time/temperature effect on the physical and chemicalproperties. Do this in accordance with Practice D2454.5.4.3 It may be desirable for some reason (handling, stack-ing, etc
26、.) to determine the various stages and rates of filmformation in the drying or curing of primers and primersurfacers at room temperatures. Do this as described in TestMethod D1640.6. Physical Properties of The Dry Film6.1 Primers and primer surfacers are usually (but not al-ways) topcoated. Therefor
27、e, many of the following tests shouldbe run on the complete system (substrate/primer or primer4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.dla.mil.TABLE 1 Test MethodsProperty Section ASTMMethodF
28、ederal TestMethodSpecificationNo. 141BAbrasion resistance:Air blast abrasion testerFalling sand method6.26.2D658D968.6191Adhesion:Scrape adhesion 6.3 D2197 6303.1Parallel-groove adhesion 6.3 D2197 6302.1Tape adhesion 6.3 D3359 .Chemical resistance:Household chemical resistance 6.4.2 D1308 .Detergent
29、 resistance 6.4.3 D2248Hydrocarbon resistance 6.4.4 . 6011Chip resistance 6.5 D3170 .Color difference:Visual evaluationInstrumental evaluation6.66.6D1729D22444249.16123Cracking resistance 6.7 D2246 .Elongation:Conical mandrelCylindrical mandrel6.86.8D522D1737.Filiform corrosion 6.9 D2803 .Gloss 6.10
30、 D523 6101Hardness 6.11 D1474 .Holdout 6.12 C540 .Mildew resistance 6.13 . 6271.1Outdoor exposure:Blistering 6.14.2 D714 6461Cracking 6.14.2 D661 6471Rusting 6.14.2 D610 6451Checking 6.14.2 D660 6421Print resistance 6.15 D2091 .Salt spray resistance 6.16 B117 6061Sanding properties 6.17 . 6321Water
31、resistance:High humidityWater immersion6.18.26.18.3D1735D870.Weldability 6.19 .AAU.S. Military Specification MIL-P-46105 (MR).D3322 82 (2011)2surfacer/topcoat). Some of the tests however are for theuntopcoated primer or primer surfacer. The properties requiredof a primer or primer surfacer depend on
32、 the intended end useand the tests to be used should be selected on the basis ofexperience and agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.6.2 Abrasion ResistanceDetermine the abrasion resis-tance as described in either Test Method D658 or D968.6.3 Adhesion:6.3.1 The primer or primer surfacer of
33、 a specified substrateas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller issubjected to an adhesion test to determine the degree ofattachment the coating has to the substrate.6.3.2 Determine the adhesion of the primer or primersurfacer as described either in Test Methods D2197 or D3359.6.3.3 The ab
34、ove methods, in addition to measuring theadhesion of the coating to the substrate, can also be used todetermine the intercoat adhesion between the topcoat and theprimer or primer surfacer.6.4 Chemical Resistance:6.4.1 Coating systems frequently come into contact withvarious chemicals that may have a
35、n effect on the properties ofthe system. Failure when it occurs is usually in the form ofdiscoloration, change in gloss, blistering, softening, swelling,dissolving, or loss of adhesion. Unless a primer is to be leftuntopcoated in actual service, primers and primer surfacersshould be topcoated with t
36、he appropriate product beforeundergoing chemical resistance tests.6.4.2 Household Chemical ResistanceDetermine the ef-fect of chemicals in accordance with Test Method D1308.6.4.3 Detergent ResistanceDetermine the resistance tofailure under conditions of immersion in a detergent solution inaccordance
37、 with Practice D2248.6.4.4 Hydrocarbon ResistanceTest hydrocarbon resis-tance in accordance with Method 6011 of U.S. Federal TestMethod Standard No. 141B.6.5 Chip ResistanceThe chip resistance of a primer orprimer surfacer is the ability of a film to withstand suddenimpact from stones, gravel, etc.,
38、 without being loosened fromthe substrate. Determine chip resistance by Test MethodD3170.6.6 Color Difference-Pigmented Dry FilmThe color dif-ferences between two similarly homogeneously colored,opaque film such as those formed by primers or primersurfacers may be determined using visual evaluating
39、tech-niques or by instrumental means. Determine color differencesvisually using Practice D1729. Determine color differencesinstrumentally using Practice D2244.6.7 Cracking ResistanceA test for resistance to tempera-ture and humidity changes, or a cold cracking test as it issometimes called, is desig
40、ned to give an indication of theresistance of a coating system to cracking or checking causedby temperature and humidity changes and also by aging. Thedegree of correlation between accelerated crack results andlong-term room-temperature aging varies with the types ofcoating. The industry uses the te
41、st widely and it is felt that asystem showing good cold crack resistance will performsatisfactorily in service. Some factors that can affect results aretype of substrate, substrate thickness, primer, primer surfacer,topcoat, and film thickness of the different coatings. Determinecracking resistance
42、in accordance with Test Method D2246.6.8 ElongationAn elongation test may be used as anindication of the flexibility of an attached primer or primersurfacer. It can also show whether there is any change duringaging. Determine elongation by Test Methods D522 or D1737.6.9 Filiform Corrosion Resistance
43、Filiform corrosion is atype of corrosion that occurs under coatings on metal substratesand is characterized by a definite thread-like structure anddirectional growth. Determine the susceptibility of organicfilms over metal substrates to this type of corrosion by GuideD2803.6.10 GlossDetermine the gl
44、oss of primers and primersurfacers in accordance with Test Method D523.6.11 HardnessDetermine the film hardness of primers andprimer surfacers in accordance with Test Methods D1474,using either Test Method A (Knoop indentation hardness) orTest Method B (Pfund indentation hardness) as agreed uponbetw
45、een the purchaser and the seller. Other methods ofdetermining hardness may be used as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.6.12 HoldoutHoldout is the ability of a primer or primersurfacer to give a smooth (nonporous), uniform appearancewhen topcoated. This property can be evaluated visual
46、ly or byinstrumental means. One method of measuring for holdout isdescribed in Test Method C540.6.13 Mildew ResistanceTest mildew resistance in accor-dance with Method 6271 of U.S. Federal Test Method StandardNo. 141B or Practice D3456.6.14 Outdoor Exposure:6.14.1 Primers and primer surfacers can ha
47、ve an importanteffect on the durability of any paint system destined for exterioruse. While the accelerated tests given in other sections of thispractice are intended to enable one to predict performance,actual outdoor exposure should be made. Usage of paintsystems is so varied that no one set of co
48、nditions (length ofexposure or place of exposure) can be given in this practice tocover all situations. These conditions as well as the type ofsubstrate, substrate preparation, etc., should be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller. However, it is suggestedthat, unless otherwise agreed upon
49、, prepare panels for outdoorexposure in accordance with Section 4 of this practice.6.14.2 Many properties of organic coating systems shouldbe evaluated periodically throughout the outdoor exposureperiod. Where failures occur on a topcoated system, experienceis required to determine whether or not the primer or primersurfacer is involved. Properties most likely to involve theprimer or primer surfacer may be evaluated as follows:blistering, Test Method D714; cracking, Test Method D661;rusting, Test Method D610; checking, Test Method D660.6.15 Print ResistanceAp
