1、Designation: D3354 11Standard Test Method forBlocking Load of Plastic Film by the Parallel Plate Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method yields quantitative information regard-ing the degree of blocking (unwanted adhesion) existingbetween layers
3、of plastic film. It is not intended to measuresusceptibility to blocking.1.2 By this procedure, the film-to-film adhesion, expressedas a blocking load in grams, will cause two layers of film withan area of contact of 100 cm2to separate. The test method islimited to a maximum load of 200 g.1.3 The va
4、lues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safe
5、ty and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method is similar to ISO 11502 Method B, but is nottechnically equivalent.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Rel
6、ating to PlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 11502 Determination of Blocking Resistance33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D883.4. Summary of Test
7、 Method4.1 Two pieces of film, which are in contact with each other,are placed between two 100-mm (4-in.) square blocks. Theends of the films that extend past the blocks are secured to therespective upper and lower block. The force required toovercome the adhesion (blocking force) between the twopie
8、ces of film or until they reach 1.9 cm of separation ismeasured in grams using a constant-rate-of-load or a constant-rate-of separation device.5. Significance and Use5.1 Blocking develops in film processing and storage whenlayers of smooth film are in intimate contact with nearlycomplete exclusion o
9、f air. Temperature, or pressure, or both,can induce or change the degree of adhesion of the surfaces.5.2 The procedure of this test method closely simulates theoperation of separating film in some end-use applications.6. Apparatus6.1 The parallel block faces shall be square and 100 6 0.1mm (on each
10、edge with a flat and slightly knurled or sand-blasted finish of root mean square 125). A means must beprovided to prevent the blocks from sliding when they are incontact during loading.6.2 Constant-Rate-of-Load Device4:6.2.1 An instrument with 100-cm2(4-in.2) blocks whichelectronically times a loadi
11、ng rate of 90 grams per minute (61)(see Fig. 1). The force required to separate the blocks isdisplayed electronically.NOTE 2On some constant-rate-of load devices, the weight is added bymoving a weight axially along the beam with a precision-drive system.This may be accomplished using a stepper motor
12、 with a digital steppingdrive with 60 cycles as its reference control. The load rate must be 90grams per minute.6.3 Constant-Rate-of-Separation Testing DeviceA testingmachine of the constant-rate-of crosshead-movement type andcomprising essentially the following:1This test method is under the jurisd
13、iction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Molded and ExtrudedProducts.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3354 - 08. DOI:10.1520/D3354-11.2For referen
14、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd
15、St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4The sole source of supply of the electro mechanical apparatus known to thecommittee at this time is Alpha Technologies, 3030 Gilchrist Road, Akron, OH44305. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Intern
16、ational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentiall
17、y stationarymember carrying one aluminum block 100 by 100 6 1mmwith appropriate rigid adapter for mounting in a universaltesting machine.6.3.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying asecond aluminum block 100 by 100 6 1 mm with rigidcoupling for mounting in a universal testing machine.6.3.3 Drive M
18、echanismA drive mechanism for impartingto the movable member a uniform, controlled velocity withrespect to the stationary member. The speed of testing, 5.1mm/min, is the rate of separation of the two blocks whenrunning idle (under no load). This rate of separation shall bemaintained within 5 % of th
19、e no-load value when runningunder full-capacity load.6.3.4 Load IndicatorA suitable load-indicating mecha-nism capable of showing the tensile load, the greater of 1 % ofthe indicated force or 5 grams, carried by the test specimenheld by the block.6.4 Accessory EquipmentMay include a 100 by 180-mmtem
20、plate or die, double-faced pressure-sensitive tape.7. Test Specimens7.1 Cut unseparated test specimens with a 100 by 180-mmtemplate with the longer length being in the machine direction.Due to variations in gage and blocking tendencies, it isdesirable to select several sample locations across the wi
21、dth ofthe film. Five specimens shall be tested. If the test specimensare taken from a roll, care should be taken that the roll is ingood condition. Best results are obtained when specimens aretaken at least 25 mm below the outer surface of film rolls.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test
22、 specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for notless than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A ofPractice D618 unless otherwise specified by agreement or therelevant ASTM material specification. In cases of disagree-ment, the tolerances shall be 61C (61.8F) and
23、 65%relative humidity.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct the tests at 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity unless otherwisespecified by agreement or the relevant ASTM material speci-fication. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C(61.8F) and 65 % relative humidity.Procedures9.
24、 Procedure AConstant-Rate-of-Load Device9.1 Place double-coated tape over two parallel small facesof each aluminum block, or place the holding magnets on theblocks as if a sample were being mounted.9.2 Operate the instrument several times, then determine theaverage of three “block” determinations as
25、 “test tare.”9.3 Gently place the un-separated film specimen betweenthe two plates with approximately 38 mm of film protrudingfrom each end of the plate. Place both plates in contact with thefilm aligned with each other. Clamp the plates together with thepositioning clamp on the side. When the plate
26、s are broughttogether, do not slide them sideways because this couldpossibly break the block between the film specimens.9.4 Carefully separate the edges of the film and stick bothprotruding edges of the top film to the top plate and the bottomfilm edges to the bottom plate using the double-faced, pr
27、essure-sensitive tape, or holding magnets.9.5 When the film is in place, gently release the positioningclamp. Push the “on” switch. It will automatically stop whenthe films separate or reach 19 mm separation.9.6 Subtract the tare value from the maximum load shownon digital display and record this va
28、lue.9.7 Measure and record the thickness of both the upper andlower layers of the film.9.8 Repeat the test five times using different specimens.10. Procedure BConstant-Rate-of-Separation Device10.1 Adjust the crosshead speed to 5.1 mm per minute(65 %).10.2 Using a wide knife blade or spatula, lift t
29、he filmspecimen and transfer it carefully to a symmetrical position onthe lower block with its long ends overlapping the blockequally on each side.10.3 Move the crosshead of the testing machine until theupper block is resting on the film specimen and is directlyabove the lower plate.10.4 Carefully s
30、eparate the ends of the double layer of filmusing the sharp edge of the knife blade, and peel back to theedges of the blocks on each side.FIG. 1 Electro-Mechanical DeviceD3354 11210.5 Tape the two ends of the upper layer of film to theupper block, and the two ends of the lower layer of the film toth
31、e lower block. Extend the tape an inch around the corners tothe front and rear of the blocks so that the ends of the films aresecurely fastened to the appropriate blocks. Do not otherwisedisturb the film or plates during this operation.10.6 Start the crosshead travel and allow the testing ma-chine t
32、o record the force required to completely separate thetwo layers of films or until 1.9 cm of separation. As the testproceeds, the force acting on the films will vary as the twofilms arch out, away from the blocks, and peel apart.10.7 Record the maximum load in grams.10.8 Measure and record the thick
33、ness of both the upper andlower layers of the film.10.9 Repeat the test five times using different specimens.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Average load in grams of five test specimens as theblocking load of the sample.11.1.2 Complete identification of film tested, including
34、type,source, film thickness, process of manufacture, age, and anyother pertinent facts.11.1.3 Date of test.11.1.4 Conditioning and testing environment, if differentfrom those recommended in Section 8.12. Precision and Bias512.1 PrecisionTable 1 is based on round robins conductedin 1986 and 1987 in a
35、ccordance with Practice E691, involvingsix materials tested by six laboratories. For each material, allsamples were prepared at one source, but the individualspecimens were prepared at the laboratories that tested them.Each test result was the average of five individual determina-tions. Each laborat
36、ory obtained two test results for eachmaterial. (WarningThe explanations of r and R (12.2-12.2.3) are only intended to present a meaningful way ofconsidering the approximate precision of this test method. Thedata presented in Table 1 should not be applied to acceptanceor rejection of materials, as t
37、hese data apply only to thematerials tested in the round robin and are unlikely to berigorously representative of other lots, formulations, condi-tions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this test methodshould apply the principles outlined in Practice E691 togenerate data specific to their materi
38、als and laboratory (orbetween specific laboratories). The principles of 12.2-12.2.3would then be valid for such data.)12.2 Concept of r and R in Table 1If Srand SRhave beencalculated from a large enough body of data, and for test resultsthat were averages from testing five specimens for each testres
39、ult, then:12.2.1 Repeatability, r, is the interval representing thecritical difference between two test results for the samematerial, obtained by the same operator using the sameequipment on the same day in the same laboratory. Two testresults shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by moretha
40、n the r value for that material.12.2.2 Reproducibility, R, is the interval representing thecritical difference between two test results for the material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories, not necessarily on the same day. Two testresults shall be judge
41、d not equivalent if they differ by morethan the R value for that material.12.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 12.2.1 or 12.2.2would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability of beingcorrect.12.3 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate the bias of this test method.13. Keywords1
42、3.1 blocking; plasticsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringeme
43、nt of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or
44、for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views kno
45、wn to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting AST
46、M at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).5Supporting data are available from ASTM Headq
47、uarters. Request RR:D20-1041 and D20-1143.TABLE 1 BlockingMaterial Average SrASRBrCRD4 7.89 0.60 1.36 1.69 3.646 11.5 1.75 2.27 4.97 6.431 30.0 3.30 5.08 9.35 14.45 47.3 5.70 5.70 16.1 16.13 71.2 3.89 6.89 11.0 19.52 148 2.36 13.4 6.69 37.9ASr= within-laboratory standard deviation for the indicated
48、material. It isobtained by pooling the within-laboratory standard deviations of the test result fromall of the participating laboratories:Sr5 Sl!21 S2!2.1 Sn!2#/n(1)BSR= between-laboratories reproducibility, expressed as standard deviation:SR5 Sr21 SL2#(2)where:SL= standard deviation of laboratory means.Cr = within-laboratory critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 Sr.DR = between-laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 SR.D3354 113
