1、Designation: D3354 11D3354 15Standard Test Method forBlocking Load of Plastic Film by the Parallel Plate Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method yields quantitative information regarding the degree of blocking (unwanted adhesion) existing
3、betweenlayers of plastic film. It is not intended to measure susceptibility to blocking.1.2 By this procedure, the film-to-film adhesion, expressed as a blocking load in grams, will cause two layers of film with anarea of contact of 100 cm2 to separate. The test method is limited to a maximum load o
4、f 200 g.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establ
5、ish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method is similar to ISO 11502 Method B, but is not technically equivalent.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD
6、883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 11502 Determination of Blocking Resistance33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D8
7、83.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Two pieces of film, which are in contact with each other, are placed between two 100-mm (4-in.) square blocks. The endsof the films that extend past the blocks are secured to the respective upper and lower block. The force required to overcome theadhesion (blocking fo
8、rce) between the two pieces of film or until they reach 1.9 cm of separation is measured in grams using aconstant-rate-of-load or a constant-rate-of separation device.5. Significance and Use5.1 Blocking develops in film processing and storage when layers of smooth film are in intimate contact with n
9、early completeexclusion of air. Temperature, or pressure, or both, can induce or change the degree of adhesion of the surfaces.5.2 The procedure of this test method closely simulates the operation of separating film in some end-use applications.6. Apparatus6.1 The parallel block faces shall be squar
10、e and 100 6 0.1 mm (on each edge with a flat and slightly knurled or sand-blastedfinish of root mean square 125). A means must be provided to prevent the blocks from sliding when they are in contact duringloading.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is t
11、he direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and MoldedProducts.Current edition approved May 1, 2011April 1, 2015. Published May 2011April 2015. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 asD3354 - 08.D3354 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/D3354-11.10.1520/D3354-
12、15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (AN
13、SI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depi
14、ct all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internation
15、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2 Constant-Rate-of-Load Device4:6.2.1 An instrument with 100-cm2 (4-in.2) blocks which electronically times a loading rate of 90 grams per minute (61) (seeFig. 1). The force required to separate the blocks is d
16、isplayed electronically.NOTE 2On some constant-rate-of load devices, the weight is added by moving a weight axially along the beam with a precision-drive system. Thismay be accomplished using a stepper motor with a digital stepping drive with 60 cycles as its reference control. The load rate must be
17、 90 grams perminute.6.3 Constant-Rate-of-Separation Testing DeviceA testing machine of the constant-rate-of crosshead-movement type andcomprising essentially the following:6.3.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationary member carrying one aluminum block 100 by 100 6 1 mm withappropriate rigid a
18、dapter for mounting in a universal testing machine.6.3.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying a second aluminum block 100 by 100 6 1 mm with rigid coupling formounting in a universal testing machine.6.3.3 Drive MechanismA drive mechanism for imparting to the movable member a uniform, controlled v
19、elocity with respectto the stationary member. The speed of testing, 5.1 mm/min, is the rate of separation of the two blocks when running idle (underno load). This rate of separation shall be maintained within 5 % of the no-load value when running under full-capacity load.6.3.4 Load IndicatorA suitab
20、le load-indicating mechanism capable of showing the tensile load, the greater of 1 % of theindicated force or 5 grams, carried by the test specimen held by the block.6.4 Accessory EquipmentMay include a 100 by 180-mm template or die, double-faced pressure-sensitive tape.7. Test Specimens7.1 Cut unse
21、parated test specimens with a 100 by 180-mm template with the longer length being in the machine direction. Dueto variations in gage and blocking tendencies, it is desirable to select several sample locations across the width of the film. Five4 The sole source of supply of the electro mechanical app
22、aratus known to the committee at this time is Alpha Technologies, 3030 Gilchrist Road, Akron, OH 44305. hasdiscontinued production and the apparatus is no longer available. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments wil
23、l receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Electro-Mechanical DeviceD3354 152specimens shall be tested. If the test specimens are taken from a roll, care should be taken that the roll is in good condition. Bestresults are obtaine
24、d when specimens are taken at least 25 mm below the outer surface of film rolls.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for not less than40 h prior to test in accordance with ProcedureAof Practice D618 unless otherwise spec
25、ified by agreement or the relevantASTMmaterial specification. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C (61.8F) and 65 % relative humidity.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct the tests at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity unless otherwise specifiedby agreement or the relevant
26、ASTM material specification. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C (61.8F) and65 % relative humidity.Procedures9. Procedure AConstant-Rate-of-Load Device9.1 Place double-coated tape over two parallel small faces of each aluminum block, or place the holding magnets on the blocksas if
27、a sample were being mounted.9.2 Operate the instrument several times, then determine the average of three “block” determinations as “test tare.”9.3 Gently place the un-separated film specimen between the two plates with approximately 38 mm of film protruding from eachend of the plate. Place both pla
28、tes in contact with the film aligned with each other. Clamp the plates together with the positioningclamp on the side. When the plates are brought together, do not slide them sideways because this could possibly break the blockbetween the film specimens.9.4 Carefully separate the edges of the film a
29、nd stick both protruding edges of the top film to the top plate and the bottom filmedges to the bottom plate using the double-faced, pressure-sensitive tape, or holding magnets.9.5 When the film is in place, gently release the positioning clamp. Push the “on” switch. It will automatically stop when
30、thefilms separate or reach 19 mm separation.9.6 Subtract the tare value from the maximum load shown on digital display and record this value.9.7 Measure and record the thickness of both the upper and lower layers of the film.9.8 Repeat the test five times using different specimens.10. Procedure BCon
31、stant-Rate-of-Separation Device10.1 Adjust the crosshead speed to 5.1 mm per minute (65 %).10.2 Using a wide knife blade or spatula, lift the film specimen and transfer it carefully to a symmetrical position on the lowerblock with its long ends overlapping the block equally on each side.10.3 Move th
32、e crosshead of the testing machine until the upper block is resting on the film specimen and is directly above thelower plate.10.4 Carefully separate the ends of the double layer of film using the sharp edge of the knife blade, and peel back to the edgesof the blocks on each side.10.5 Tape the two e
33、nds of the upper layer of film to the upper block, and the two ends of the lower layer of the film to the lowerblock. Extend the tape an inch around the corners to the front and rear of the blocks so that the ends of the films are securelyfastened to the appropriate blocks. Do not otherwise disturb
34、the film or plates during this operation.10.6 Start the crosshead travel and allow the testing machine to record the force required to completely separate the two layersof films or until 1.9 cm of separation. As the test proceeds, the force acting on the films will vary as the two films arch out, aw
35、ayfrom the blocks, and peel apart.10.7 Record the maximum load in grams.10.8 Measure and record the thickness of both the upper and lower layers of the film.10.9 Repeat the test five times using different specimens.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Average load in grams of five
36、test specimens as the blocking load of the sample.11.1.2 Complete identification of film tested, including type, source, film thickness, process of manufacture, age, and any otherpertinent facts.11.1.3 Date of test.D3354 15311.1.4 Conditioning and testing environment, if different from those recomme
37、nded in Section 8.12. Precision and Bias512.1 PrecisionTable 1 is based on round robins conducted in 1986 and 1987 in accordance with Practice E691, involving sixmaterials tested by six laboratories. For each material, all samples were prepared at one source, but the individual specimens wereprepare
38、d at the laboratories that tested them. Each test result was the average of five individual determinations. Each laboratoryobtained two test results for each material. (WarningThe explanations of r and R (12.2 12.2.3) are only intended to presenta meaningful way of considering the approximate precis
39、ion of this test method. The data presented in Table 1 should not be appliedto acceptance or rejection of materials, as these data apply only to the materials tested in the round robin and are unlikely to berigorously representative of other lots, formulations, conditions, materials, or laboratories
40、. Users of this test method should applythe principles outlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific to their materials and laboratory (or between specific laboratories).The principles of 12.2 12.2.3 would then be valid for such data.)12.2 Concept of r and R in Table 1If Sr and SR have been ca
41、lculated from a large enough body of data, and for test resultsthat were averages from testing five specimens for each test result, then:12.2.1 Repeatability, r, is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the same material, obtainedby the same operator using th
42、e same equipment on the same day in the same laboratory. Two test results shall be judged notequivalent if they differ by more than the r value for that material.12.2.2 Reproducibility, R, is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the material, obtainedby diff
43、erent operators using different equipment in different laboratories, not necessarily on the same day. Two test results shallbe judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R value for that material.12.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 12.2.1 or 12.2.2 would have an approximate 95 % (0.95)
44、 probability of being correct.12.3 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which to estimate the bias of this test method.13. Keywords13.1 blocking; plasticsSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D3354 11) that may impa
45、ct the use of this standard. (April 1, 2015)(1) Revised Footnote 4 found referenced in 6.2.5 Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-1041 and D20-1143.TABLE 1 BlockingMaterial Average Sr A SR B rC RD4 7.89 0.60 1.36 1.69 3.646 11.5 1.75 2.27 4.97 6.431 30.0 3.30 5.08 9.3
46、5 14.45 47.3 5.70 5.70 16.1 16.13 71.2 3.89 6.89 11.0 19.52 148 2.36 13.4 6.69 37.9ASr = within-laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtainedby pooling the within-laboratory standard deviations of the test result from all of theparticipating laboratories:Sr 5ffsSld21sS2d2.
47、1sSnd2g/ng (1)BSR = between-laboratories reproducibility, expressed as standard deviation:SR 5fSr21SL2g (2)where:SL = standard deviation of laboratory means.C r = within-laboratoryr = within-laboratory critical interval between two testresults = 2.8 Sr.D R = between-laboratoriesR = between-laborator
48、ies critical interval between twotest results = 2.8 SR.D3354 154ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suc
49、h patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.
