1、Designation: D 3521 86 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSurface Wax Coating On Corrugated Board1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3521; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight ofwax that is present as a coating on the s
3、urface of corrugatedboard. This method is applicable to board to which wax hasbeen applied by curtain coating, roll coating, or other methods;the substrate board may or may not contain impregnating(saturating) wax within its structure.NOTE 1If it is known that the specimen has coating wax only, with
4、 nointernal saturating wax, the total coating wax applied may be determinedby Test Method D 3344.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
5、practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related ProductD 3344 Test Method for Total Wax Content of CorrugatedPaperboard3. T
6、erminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 weight of wax coatingthe weight of wax present asa surface film on corrugated paperboard, expressed as weightper unit area, usually grams per square metre or pounds ofcoating per thousand feet of board covered.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis definition excludes any portion ofwa
7、x that is located below the surface, that may have beenpermitted to soak into the fibrous paperboard structure.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The amount of wax present as a coating on the surfaceis determined by delaminating the coated facing to obtain aripple-free sheet, then scraping off the wax usi
8、ng a razor bladeand calculating the wax removed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Wax coatings are applied to corrugated board to providea better barrier against moisture or other agents or to provideimproved appearance or abrasion resistance. These perfor-mance features are influenced by the amount of wax
9、 present onthe surface.5.2 During most coating operations, the major portion of thewax applied will congeal on the surface, while a minorproportion will migrate into and become embedded in thefibers of the facing. This method measures only the portion onthe surface.6. Apparatus6.1 Sample-Trimming Eq
10、uipmentA suitable trimmingboard or template arrangement equipped with a razor edgeknife for even cutting of specimens to required size, withparallel sides. (A guillotine-type paper cutter is not recom-mended.)6.2 Measuring Rule, steel edged, for measuring the size ofspecimen to within 0.5 mm.6.3 Raz
11、or Blades, common single-edge, having a rigid rimfor holding in the fingers. The blade is used for surface waxscraping and an adequate supply of fresh blades with sharpedges is required.6.4 Analytical Balance, reading to nearest 1 mg.7. Sampling and Test Specimen7.1 From each test unit, obtained in
12、accordance with Prac-tice D 585, that is, each finished carton blank or paperboardsheet, cut specimens free from obvious defects. Each specimenshould measure 100 by 100 mm, cut to the nearest 0.5 mm.Record the area of the surface to be tested, and whether it is aninside or outside facing. Duplicate
13、specimens are required fromeach sample unit.NOTE 2The operator may be required to increase the replication andtreatment of specimens to obtain a better estimate of “average” wax1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct res
14、ponsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical PropertiesCurrent edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3521 86 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM C
15、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.loading, (1) if the waxing is at
16、 an extremely low level, or (2) if the waxloading shows obvious wide variations in distribution over the board area.NOTE 3Optionally, specimens of other dimensions may be used ifrequired by sampling limitations. In such cases, calculations need to beappropriately adjusted.7.2 Condition all boards at
17、 23C (73F) and 50 % relativehumidity for a minimum of 48 h before beginning testprocedure.8. Procedure8.1 Take each duplicate specimen and separate the coatedfacing from the combined board as follows:8.1.1 Delaminate the fibers of the facing in a manner thatcauses minimum disturbance of the surface
18、coating and pro-duces a thin continuous paper sheet. To do this, pry with afingernail or blade at the corner of the specimen to startseparating the fibers within the facing itself, then pull todelaminate, maintaining a low angle and a diagonal direction.Mark the reverse side to identify the specimen
19、 number. Weighthe duplicate delaminated pieces together before scraping andrecord the weight to the nearest 1 mg.NOTE 4For some types of combined board, the surface is smooth andfree of ridges. In such cases, delamination of the liner may not benecessary.8.2 Remove the surface wax from the surface o
20、f eachdelaminated piece by scraping the wax in four separateoperations as follows:8.2.1 Place the delaminated piece on a smooth hard surfacesuch as a glass plate. Using a fresh razor blade for each test(100 cm2total), begin scraping in the direction parallel to theflutes as seen by the residual impr
21、essions. Hold the blade sothat it is drawn toward the operator and is held close to thevertical. Place the blade so that it covers the width of the firstflute. Use a moderately firm stroke and completely traverse thesection of the specimen on one steady motion. It is importantto do thorough scraping
22、 to ensure that there is no surface filmof wax remaining. In removing the wax film it is acceptable toalso remove a minor amount of paper fibers, but avoidexcessive removal of fibers (see Note 5). After the first stroke,move the blade to cover an additional portion of the specimenabout the width of
23、the next flute impression and repeat thescraping stroke. Proceed across the specimen discarding thewax scrapings but preserving the integrity of the paper sheet.NOTE 5The minor amount of fibers removed with the wax scrapingsmay be ignored; this error tends to cancel the error of incomplete scraping.
24、Tests indicate that with normal surface scraping the fibers scraped offshould constitute only about 5 % of the weight of the scrapings.8.2.2 After completing the uniform scraping in one direc-tion, then turn the specimen by 90 and repeat the progressivescraping. Continue turning and scraping through
25、 the next 90and the last 90 to complete the full rotation. Finally, inspectthe specimen carefully to detect any areas with remainingsurface wax and re-scrape such areas.8.2.3 Carry out the same procedure with the duplicate facingspecimen. Weigh the scraped specimens together and recordthe weight los
26、s to the nearest 1 mg.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the weight of surface coating on the facing, a,in g/m2, as follows:a 5c 2 db(1)where:b = specimen area, total, m2,c = weight of duplicate delaminated facings, before scrap-ing, g, andd = weight of facings, after scraping, g.10. Report10.1 Identify wh
27、ich facing of the corrugated board wastested and reportSurface Coating on Facing in grams persquare metre. If desired, the surface coating weight may bereported in pounds per thousand square feet by multiplying dby 0.205.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method as obtained bystat
28、istical examination of interlaboratory test results is asfollows:11.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successivetest results, obtained by the same operator with the sameapparatus under constant operating conditions on identical testmaterial, would in the long run, in the normal and correctoper
29、ation of the test method, exceed the following values onlyin one case in twenty:15 % of the mean11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results, obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material, would inthe long run, in the
30、normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:24 % of the mean11.2 Precision has been determined by interlaboratory test-ing of corrugated board samples of two types: (1) having thecoating applied to plain untreated board, and (2) having thecoa
31、ting applied to board previously partially impregnated(saturated) with wax.11.3 Due to the high degree of normal variability fromspecimen to specimen, close precision may be difficult toobtain. In cases where close precision is needed or precision issuspect, multiple sampling and testing should be d
32、one.11.4 BiasThe procedure for measuring surface wax oncorrugated board has no bias because the value for the surfacewax can be defined only in terms of a test method.12. Keywords12.1 coating; corrugated; waxD 3521 86 (2007)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
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34、any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
35、 will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
36、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3521 86 (2007)3
