1、Designation: D 3665 07Standard Practice forRandom Sampling of Construction Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of random loca-tions (or timing) at which samples of construction materialscan be taken. For the exact p
3、hysical procedures for securing thesample, such as a description of the sampling tool, the numberof increments needed for a sample, or the size of the sample,reference should be made to the appropriate standard method.The selection procedures in Section 6 utilize the table offour-digit numbers given
4、 in Table 1.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
5、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD 345 Test Method for Sampling and Testing CalciumChlo
6、ride for Roads and Structural ApplicationsD 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD 5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-tures for Laboratory TestingE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of MaterialsE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With a Specifie
7、d Tolerable Error, the Average for aCharacteristic of a Lot or ProcessE 141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on theResults of Probability Sampling3. Terminology3.13.1.1 representative sample, n(1) a random sample; or (2)an unbiased sample.3.1.1.1 random sample, na sample obtained from a lot
8、 ofmaterial in such a manner that all parts of the lot have a knownprobability of being included in the sample.3.1.1.2 DiscussionAn example of random sample is thecase where specifications limit roadway sampling to within onefoot of the edge, therefore the probability of inclusion ofsamples within o
9、ne foot of the edge is zero.3.1.1.3 unbiased sample, na sample obtained from a lot ofmaterial in such a manner that all parts of the lot have an equalprobability of being included in the sample.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for determining the location ortime, or both, to take a
10、 sample in order to minimize anyunintentional bias on the part of the person taking the sample.NOTE 1The effectiveness of this practice in achieving randomsamples is limited only by the conscientiousness of the user in followingthe stipulated procedures.4.2 The selection procedures and examples in t
11、his standardprovide a practical approach for ensuring that constructionmaterial samples are obtained in a random manner. Additionaldetails concerning the number of sample increments, thenumber of samples, the quantities of material in each, and theprocedures for extracting sample increments or sampl
12、es fromthe construction lot or process are contained in Practices C 172,C 183, D75, D 140, D 979, D 5361, and Test Method D 345.4.3 This standard contains examples citing road and pavingmaterials. The concepts outlined therein are applicable to therandom sampling of any construction material and can
13、 easilybe adapted thereto.4.4 Additional sampling guidance is provided in PracticeE 105 concerning probability sampling, Practice E 122 con-cerning choosing sample sizes to estimate the average qualityof a lot or process (see Note 2), and in Practice E 141 foracceptance of evidence based on results
14、of probability sam-pling.NOTE 2The guidance contained in Practice E 122 is not available inother documents referenced in this section.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Sampli
15、ng.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 3665 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
16、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.5 The best and most practical method for ensuring thatsamples of construction materials include the
17、 full range of aconstruction process is by incorporating a stratified-randomsampling procedure into the sampling process. To implement astratified-random sampling procedure, divide the lot to besampled into the desired number of equal sublots and randomlysample each sublot in accordance with this st
18、andard.NOTE 3If the sublots are of unequal size, it will likely be necessary toweight the samples in order to maintain a fair and defensible samplingprocess.TABLE 1 Table of Random NumbersColumnRow1234567891011213141516171819201 0.0356 0.8697 0.2205 0.4538 0.8827 0.4225 0.4008 0.4615 0.7901 0.6500 0
19、3838 0.6723 0.3978 0.8775 0.5588 0.8829 0.8980 0.3108 0.8204 0.58092 0.8580 0.2990 0.4644 0.4871 0.8163 0.9263 0.4562 0.6337 0.3934 0.4141 0.9521 0.2879 0.6361 0.2021 0.7589 0.1870 0.9183 0.6149 0.4569 0.03783 0.8868 0.7446 0.6652 0.8173 0.4798 0.0117 0.3324 0.0097 0.6668 0.0963 0.0875 0.8582 0.771
20、7 0.2669 0.0231 0.3648 0.2685 0.9928 0.9793 0.44114 0.7940 0.9892 0.5329 0.1233 0.0121 0.1633 0.2466 0.6142 0.3381 0.0445 0.3771 0.5309 0.9193 0.6072 0.1577 0.4387 0.7038 0.8757 0.2657 0.30065 0.0305 0.8423 0.6766 0.4190 0.2374 0.8753 0.4063 0.3408 0.9021 0.9039 0.5236 0.8083 0.3872 0.6830 0.8937 0.
21、1957 0.8938 0.5609 0.7841 0.90786 0.1990 0.1379 0.1276 0.8425 0.7700 0.0468 0.4882 0.7197 0.6832 0.7265 0.1392 0.4944 0.1193 0.2191 0.9428 0.0598 0.1253 0.0438 0.2364 0.82837 0.7772 0.5641 0.3472 0.7382 0.3921 0.6947 0.1795 0.8053 0.3994 0.8987 0.9821 0.3976 0.9681 0.0133 0.4219 0.2847 0.6499 0.7325
22、 0.2250 0.71638 0.8062 0.3416 0.7687 0.1519 0.3264 0.6758 0.9357 0.1854 0.4155 0.1200 0.6862 0.9827 0.8000 0.5474 0.6931 0.0730 0.7022 0.4352 0.8045 0.93089 0.0653 0.1296 0.4614 0.5070 0.1989 0.9625 0.9050 0.9109 0.3074 0.0470 0.8219 0.9812 0.8277 0.3898 0.1725 0.6658 0.2857 0.7811 0.1973 0.114410 0
23、4181 0.4971 0.3942 0.4448 0.2319 0.5155 0.9658 0.1595 0.1979 0.3377 0.2642 0.3430 0.0945 0.2011 0.5689 0.1731 0.4044 0.3248 0.2343 0.794811 0.9174 0.0714 0.3789 0.6153 0.5821 0.9347 0.5790 0.4254 0.8405 0.8805 0.5125 0.1703 0.5123 0.9250 0.5521 0.2550 0.6623 0.5314 0.3974 0.861212 0.3636 0.0533 0.7
24、853 0.8393 0.2079 0.6486 0.7869 0.2127 0.2143 0.8966 0.2007 0.7918 0.5869 0.1063 0.8177 0.7662 0.8717 0.6379 0.8377 0.119913 0.5300 0.7917 0.4838 0.5933 0.1910 0.7645 0.3495 0.6484 0.9602 0.4602 0.1401 0.5121 0.4541 0.9585 0.7676 0.3336 0.9076 0.2465 0.8121 0.718614 0.2863 0.9575 0.2481 0.0518 0.176
25、5 0.9679 0.1299 0.9131 0.3051 0.7447 0.3026 0.2638 0.8831 0.6835 0.9893 0.9380 0.2478 0.8369 0.8063 0.309415 0.0919 0.8835 0.1516 0.0738 0.7219 0.3144 0.1118 0.5779 0.3448 0.8988 0.4771 0.3194 0.5435 0.7660 0.2173 0.7613 0.7741 0.6532 0.7655 0.531916 0.2116 0.7835 0.9001 0.3824 0.2247 0.0826 0.5451
26、0.8301 0.6777 0.5574 0.1168 0.6111 0.6003 0.3233 0.1176 0.7856 0.7148 0.2957 0.5507 0.795617 0.5583 0.4657 0.9500 0.9321 0.7194 0.0313 0.1899 0.5829 0.9650 0.6273 0.6164 0.0801 0.8359 0.6847 0.2880 0.9049 0.7390 0.6729 0.5807 0.415218 0.3455 0.6793 0.5516 0.6413 0.0806 0.9489 0.2105 0.5373 0.5276 0.
27、7742 0.6070 0.1399 0.4579 0.5358 0.8796 0.3889 0.9118 0.6181 0.3749 0.113619 0.9809 0.1277 0.2121 0.6564 0.8096 0.1339 0.1651 0.8728 0.5060 0.2562 0.0575 0.4796 0.1025 0.8165 0.4659 0.6653 0.2532 0.6848 0.5896 0.697820 0.3544 0.3332 0.1076 0.9623 0.9570 0.9005 0.7518 0.2124 0.7816 0.0524 0.3852 0.25
28、64 0.3572 0.2538 0.2743 0.2239 0.2928 0.4689 0.6561 0.552521 0.3107 0.4720 0.8457 0.7880 0.3941 0.8184 0.7261 0.8509 0.8218 0.6054 0.2363 0.3096 0.9851 0.6575 0.3180 0.2515 0.0205 0.4551 0.9801 0.442222 0.3105 0.8302 0.4188 0.3404 0.6603 0.8052 0.7317 0.0376 0.4959 0.8992 0.4175 0.1798 0.6674 0.0772
29、 0.9646 0.1547 0.9817 0.3133 0.9012 0.055523 0.2795 0.5932 0.5858 0.6159 0.3832 0.7783 0.5636 0.6465 0.0149 0.0369 0.7373 0.5268 0.1544 0.0465 0.9359 0.5398 0.4154 0.6665 0.5770 0.797624 0.1222 0.4230 0.9137 0.6906 0.6160 0.5612 0.2425 0.9598 0.2475 0.1652 0.2774 0.4059 0.7871 0.4323 0.2282 0.7970 0
30、1964 0.8050 0.5935 0.685225 0.3933 0.4639 0.9741 0.9616 0.5343 0.6853 0.0568 0.0109 0.5199 0.2707 0.7138 0.4932 0.4308 0.1584 0.0059 0.0467 0.8550 0.7407 0.3616 0.841826 0.6375 0.9508 0.6063 0.6271 0.0392 0.9462 0.7996 0.9033 0.8493 0.5789 0.3668 0.9685 0.3273 0.9763 0.7681 0.3785 0.3716 0.6096 0.5
31、991 0.497727 0.8828 0.8225 0.7213 0.8026 0.9042 0.2941 0.4287 0.6298 0.3062 0.4836 0.1267 0.3965 0.5990 0.4737 0.1563 0.8610 0.2998 0.1816 0.4540 0.160828 0.4528 0.0677 0.9607 0.6735 0.7048 0.3927 0.6913 0.3480 0.7553 0.4496 0.4527 0.3829 0.3461 0.4393 0.0062 0.9974 0.3989 0.2966 0.0273 0.267229 0.8
32、241 0.9913 0.6051 0.1978 0.7680 0.0890 0.9716 0.5439 0.2246 0.5703 0.5120 0.7354 0.6625 0.2479 0.4592 0.3497 0.7953 0.2891 0.1571 0.441530 0.7673 0.7565 0.8132 0.3048 0.7381 0.1866 0.3811 0.1395 0.9473 0.4633 0.2630 0.0805 0.5110 0.5886 0.6523 0.8708 0.1482 0.9179 0.7410 0.180031 0.1455 0.2822 0.509
33、0 0.0486 0.1449 0.3154 0.6839 0.6125 0.2583 0.0908 0.4781 0.4029 0.3166 0.9201 0.9360 0.1265 0.6174 0.4998 0.7994 0.443132 0.5559 0.4417 0.9958 0.1375 0.3938 0.3579 0.3056 0.4888 0.9534 0.5698 0.4302 0.1562 0.3409 0.4339 0.5964 0.1856 0.9748 0.8212 0.8917 0.611433 0.3869 0.0389 0.8325 0.1481 0.9486
34、0.4295 0.2151 0.9310 0.6474 0.4319 0.8648 0.1625 0.7669 0.1420 0.1235 0.7456 0.4629 0.8687 0.8111 0.284834 0.6846 0.5393 0.5101 0.6459 0.3384 0.7169 0.7646 0.5726 0.7334 0.8675 0.5246 0.5501 0.7638 0.0602 0.5551 0.7096 0.8306 0.1124 0.9806 0.826135 0.7412 0.1670 0.9434 0.5619 0.7958 0.7664 0.5776 0.
35、7392 0.8174 0.2921 0.4320 0.4198 0.4405 0.8766 0.5255 0.6235 0.2760 0.8997 0.3319 0.830536 0.2962 0.8959 0.1923 0.2913 0.3496 0.7490 0.3268 0.6689 0.5693 0.6985 0.8471 0.3621 0.2606 0.9251 0.4396 0.9781 0.9281 0.4138 0.5440 0.400337 0.5891 0.2476 0.5682 0.7971 0.7684 0.7739 0.9110 0.5279 0.2185 0.22
36、67 0.5786 0.5259 0.6820 0.5864 0.8436 0.2467 0.2174 0.1038 0.3551 0.079038 0.6755 0.6776 0.0063 0.7536 0.4472 0.7270 0.6630 0.7563 0.9819 0.7059 0.4127 0.5392 0.2353 0.2671 0.2581 0.4313 0.1492 0.7071 0.4245 0.525639 0.0304 0.3065 0.7253 0.5462 0.4887 0.9677 0.0836 0.7073 0.6673 0.8901 0.6168 0.1682
37、 0.6479 0.5838 0.9895 0.9052 0.8041 0.3085 0.7294 0.543040 0.1217 0.6469 0.1386 0.6736 0.8927 0.8188 0.3325 0.1298 0.1470 0.9798 0.4001 0.5649 0.4773 0.1993 0.5547 0.3928 0.1065 0.4847 0.7819 0.395241 0.7083 0.2750 0.5020 0.2919 0.1907 0.9975 0.1699 0.1580 0.2987 0.2015 0.4603 0.0733 0.8926 0.1103 0
38、1701 0.5732 0.7292 0.1786 0.8474 0.993242 0.0138 0.7882 0.5022 0.1523 0.0226 0.4346 0.6656 0.1293 0.6284 0.5922 0.2738 0.5046 0.0043 0.3289 0.6412 0.5496 0.0359 0.8640 0.7372 0.014543 0.9341 0.1961 0.2243 0.5299 0.3272 0.0774 0.3768 0.3298 0.3886 0.4275 0.0606 0.7166 0.3356 0.5960 0.3007 0.0351 0.9
39、280 0.7488 0.5522 0.103244 0.8614 0.7227 0.3796 0.7818 0.6428 0.7740 0.6341 0.5229 0.2931 0.3303 0.8021 0.4166 0.0175 0.0163 0.1924 0.0722 0.0368 0.3633 0.9159 0.693045 0.5385 0.5289 0.9784 0.8562 0.5176 0.7345 0.9587 0.0743 0.6001 0.0235 0.5561 0.3000 0.6912 0.5096 0.0435 0.5320 0.2085 0.1597 0.479
40、9 0.517146 0.5979 0.6094 0.0863 0.2458 0.9090 0.2937 0.8195 0.1778 0.1189 0.6117 0.6220 0.7426 0.8556 0.4642 0.7908 0.4669 0.5250 0.5791 0.6536 0.234947 0.9057 0.1826 0.2980 1.0000 0.6281 0.9134 0.7457 0.4114 0.1380 0.8544 0.9832 0.2391 0.3897 0.6078 0.5774 0.8249 0.3363 0.7580 0.3101 0.829048 0.431
41、5 0.5204 0.7018 0.5839 0.8344 0.3552 0.3506 0.2907 0.2367 0.7180 0.4895 0.7000 0.3876 0.6223 0.8169 0.7256 0.5919 0.1493 0.6872 0.616649 0.3747 0.3067 0.5837 0.3798 0.2122 0.1231 0.7528 0.5004 0.8587 0.2019 0.5503 0.8136 0.2197 0.3593 0.9098 0.6697 0.8790 0.9954 0.8384 0.261650 0.2108 0.5876 0.3779
42、0.3313 0.9510 0.7574 0.7844 0.0986 0.9460 0.8196 0.6916 0.3286 0.4119 0.1974 0.4312 0.7993 0.5471 0.0599 0.7504 0.1550D3665072TABLE 1 ContinuedColumnRow12345678910112131415161718192051 0.2546 0.6608 0.5509 0.3473 0.5846 0.8948 0.2115 0.3412 0.1180 0.0740 0.9903 0.9390 0.3151 0.6119 0.5192 0.2134 0.3
43、132 0.5544 0.9249 0.424652 0.8546 0.5976 0.4030 0.6020 0.4150 0.1462 0.3160 0.2477 0.9297 0.7111 0.7067 0.7858 0.5707 0.0520 0.1583 0.2253 0.7338 0.5280 0.2334 0.089653 0.3835 0.8346 0.1555 0.9635 0.5912 0.5211 0.2264 0.1373 0.6416 0.2488 0.5816 0.8532 0.9682 0.1575 0.2873 0.8617 0.8485 0.2526 0.512
44、8 0.178254 0.3164 0.9559 0.6894 0.3290 0.0857 0.1933 0.3185 0.0699 0.0431 0.2781 0.6186 0.0907 0.5089 0.1892 0.2572 0.9905 0.0665 0.1066 0.9961 0.993055 0.3130 0.1475 0.9099 0.8060 0.0338 0.0625 0.0549 0.7349 0.3866 0.1752 0.5421 0.3931 0.6343 0.7156 0.8422 0.6514 0.7890 0.2924 0.1809 0.269256 0.791
45、1 0.5716 0.0373 0.5861 0.1039 0.6798 0.8594 0.8317 0.0354 0.9736 0.8922 0.1227 0.5902 0.0797 0.7425 0.5556 0.2123 0.5029 0.1628 0.486957 0.9198 0.5400 0.0666 0.5460 0.4048 0.6112 0.4347 0.4186 0.9478 0.2586 0.9874 0.3600 0.0458 0.6272 0.1150 0.8650 0.4912 0.7474 0.5485 0.570258 0.8727 0.2502 0.4855
46、0.8685 0.4243 0.0791 0.4340 0.3848 0.9395 0.5653 0.0472 0.2773 0.5950 0.7770 0.2336 0.3219 0.4946 0.2358 0.0136 0.033059 0.7465 0.3035 0.9044 0.4627 0.0384 0.1256 0.9422 0.5983 0.0072 0.1259 0.0720 0.9546 0.0802 0.9629 0.8070 0.5780 0.2286 0.7404 0.7060 0.582660 0.4104 0.6921 0.0984 0.2920 0.0793 0.
47、4349 0.4265 0.1730 0.0200 0.6064 0.1326 0.3555 0.9144 0.9922 0.7804 0.9459 0.1830 0.6811 0.4276 0.131661 0.1097 0.5659 0.6392 0.7802 0.6662 0.9464 0.3442 0.5566 0.8280 0.3671 0.7720 0.2833 0.3675 0.5129 0.0057 0.6463 0.6825 0.9235 0.6927 0.899962 0.6980 0.2260 0.4972 0.5389 0.6865 0.8203 0.1190 0.75
48、23 0.7272 0.8088 0.2812 0.5218 0.1928 0.5062 0.5475 0.7935 0.9849 0.9666 0.1818 0.513163 0.2575 0.4500 0.9663 0.5629 0.8838 0.9085 0.5323 0.9553 0.3917 0.3432 0.6702 0.2046 0.6926 0.4418 0.2776 0.6738 0.2440 0.0118 0.5408 0.212564 0.3624 0.3423 0.8596 0.9755 0.4846 0.2517 0.5338 0.2676 0.9436 0.0976
49、 0.4101 0.6086 0.0988 0.8668 0.4033 0.6795 0.6756 0.6212 0.7569 0.805565 0.8222 0.3631 0.3881 0.1022 0.3509 0.3887 0.2423 0.0577 0.5044 0.0706 0.7210 0.1573 0.5187 0.6372 0.4913 0.2858 0.4022 0.6483 0.1513 0.002566 0.4763 0.7779 0.3295 0.3471 0.0343 0.8435 0.6146 0.7817 0.4859 0.9916 0.8565 0.6196 0.8975 0.5998 0.2786 0.4389 0.7016 0.8589 0.5397 0.520367 0.5000 0.3427 0.8329 0.7514 0.2399 0.0183 0.7310 0.1436 0.5292 0.9037 0.0788 0.1806 0.5431 0.2875 0.5711 0.7307 0.5442 0.6565 0.9530 0.018568 0.9548 0.1317 0.3692 0.4280 0.6592 0.4038 0.3528 0.8551 0.7266 0.3088 0.6732 0.5436 0
