1、Designation: D 3753 05e1An American National StandardStandard Specification forGlass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes and Wetwells1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTESection 6.9 was editorially corrected in June 2007.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers glass fibe
3、r-reinforced polyestermanholes and wetwells for use primarily in sanitary and stormsewer applications.1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only t
4、o thetest methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability o
5、f regulatory limita-tions prior to use.NOTE 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance ofThermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedStructures Intended for Liquid ServiceD 695 Test Method for C
6、ompressive Properties of RigidPlasticsD 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating MaterialsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics3D 1600 Terminology f
7、or Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of RigidPlastics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
8、ResinsD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics3. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Terminol-ogy D 883 and the abbreviations are in accordance withTerminology D 1600 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 manway reducer, nthe top portion of the manholethrough which entrance to
9、 the manhole is made and where thediameter increases from the entrance way to the larger manholecylinder.3.3 manhole, ncylinder with the manway reducer de-signed to handle a manhole cover and ring.3.4 manhole cover and ring, nthose accessories used withthe manhole to close the manway entrance (inclu
10、des adjust-ment rings).3.5 manhole/wetwell, nthe portion below the manwayreducer that extends in a large diameter to the manhole base.May include eccentric or concentric reducers to allow changesin cylinder diameter.3.6 pipe connectors, nconnectors that provide access forthe sewer pipe into the manh
11、ole.3.7 resin rich, adjdescribes that portion of the glassfiber-reinforced polyester material where the resin-to-glassratio is significantly greater than in other portions of themanhole.3.8 wetwell, nmanhole cylinder with an open, domed, flat,or other top not designed to support a manhole cover and
12、ring.4. Materials4.1 ResinThe resins used shall be a commercial gradeunsaturated polyester resin.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current e
13、dition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3753 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
14、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Reinforcing MaterialsThe reinforci
15、ng materials shallbe commercial grade of E-type glass fibers in the form of mat,continuous roving, chopped roving, or roving fabric, having acoupling agent that will provide a suitable bond between theglass reinforcement and the resin.4.3 Surfacing MaterialIf reinforcing material is used onthe surfa
16、ce exposed to the contained substance, it shall be acommercial grade chemical-resistant glass or organic surfacingmat having a coupling agent that will provide a suitable bondwith the resin.4.4 Fillers and AdditivesFillers, when used, shall be inertto the environment and manhole construction. Additi
17、ves, suchas thixotropic agents, catalysts, promoters, pigments, etc., maybe added as required by the specific manufacturing process tobe used to meet the requirements of this standard. The resultingreinforced-plastic material shall meet the requirement of thisspecification.4.5 OtherPolyester continu
18、ous roving, polyester scrim,glass scrim, or other material, may be used. The resultingreinforced-plastic material shall meet the requirement of thisspecification.4.6 RibsWhen used, ribs may be manufactured as a solidconstruction or with materials applied over a structural ornon-structural form. The
19、resulting reinforced-plastic materialshall meet the requirement of this specification.5. Manufacture5.1 Manhole and wetwell cylinders, manway reducers, andconnectors shall be produced from glass fiber-reinforced poly-ester resin with construction determined by the particularprocess of manufacture an
20、d configuration. The process mayinclude contact molding, compression molding, pultrusion,filament winding, resin transfer molding, spray up, handlay-up, centrifugal casting, or other methods. Ribs may beattached to the interior or the exterior surface.5.2 Interior AccessAll manholes or wetwells shal
21、l bedesigned so that a ladder or step system can be supported bythe installed manhole or wetwell.5.3 Manway ReducerManway reducers may be eccentricor concentric with respect to the larger portion of the manhole.5.4 Cover and Ring SupportThe manhole shall provide anarea from which a typical ring and
22、cover plate can be supportedwithout damage to the manhole.5.5 Assembly JointsProduct segments may be joined to-gether to form a complete manhole or wetwell.6. Requirements Requirements6.1 Workmanship:6.1.1 Exterior SurfaceThe exterior surface shall be rela-tively smooth with no sharp projections. Ha
23、nd-work finish isacceptable if enough resin is present to saturate all fibers. Theexterior surface shall be free of blisters larger than 0.5 in. (12.7mm) in diameter and delamination. Fibers loosely attached(can be removed with wire brush) are allowed if not excessive.Paint or other coatings that im
24、pair the visual inspection of thelaminate are not allowed. Indentations or other shape imper-fections that will not affect performance are allowed.6.1.2 Interior SurfaceThe interior surface shall be resinrich with no exposed fibers. The surface shall be free ofcrazing, delamination, blisters larger
25、than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) indiameter, and wrinkles of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) or greater indepth. Surface pits shall be permitted up to 6/ft2(60/m2) if theyare less than 0.75 in. (19 mm) in diameter and less than 0.0625in. (1.6 mm) deep. Voids that cannot be broken with fingerpressure and that are entirely
26、below the resin surface shall bepermitted up to 4/ft2(40/m2) if they are less than 0.5 in. (12.7mm) in diameter and less than 0.0625 in. (1.6 mm) thick. Paintor other coatings are not allowed. Indentations or other shapeimperfections that will not affect performance are allowed.6.2 RepairsAny manhol
27、e or wetwell may be repaired tomeet all requirements of this specification.6.3 DimensionsThe dimensions shall be as shown belowwhen measured in accordance with 8.3.1.6.3.1 Minimum cylinder internal diameter of the manholeshall be 42 in. (1057 mm). The minimum reducer insidediameter shall be 21 in. (
28、533 mm).6.3.2 Manhole or wetwell lengths shall be in 6-in. (152-mm)increments 6 2 in. (51 mm).6.3.3 Nominal inside diameters shall be 42 in. (1067 mm),48 in. (1219 mm), 54 in. (1372 mm), 60 in. (1524 mm), 66 in.(1676 mm) and 72 in. (1829 mm). Tolerance on the insidediameter shall be 61 %. Other diam
29、eters as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer are covered bythis specification.6.4 Performance TestOne complete manhole manufac-tured in a manner consistent in every way with this specifica-tion shall meet the performance criteria in 6.4.1-6.4.3.Ifachange in materials or methods of
30、manufacturing is made andthat change may affect the results of these tests, then the testingshall repeated. These test are to be conducted on a representa-tive manhole to qualify the finished product characteristics.They are not considered to be a quality control procedure.6.4.1 Load RatingThe compl
31、ete manhole shall have aminimum dynamic-load rating of 16 000 lbf (71 172 N) whentested in accordance with 8.4. To establish this rating, thecomplete manhole shall not leak, crack, or suffer other damagewhen load tested to 40 000 lbf (177 929 N) and shall notdeflect vertically downward more than 0.2
32、5 in. (6.35 mm) atthe point of load application when loaded to 24 000 lb(106 757 N).6.4.2 StiffnessThe manhole cylinder shall have the mini-mum pipe-stiffness values shown in Table 1 when tested inaccordance with 8.5. Stiffness requirements for other manholelengths may be interpolated between the va
33、lues in Table 1.6.4.3 SoundnessThe manholes shall not leak when testedin accordance with 8.6.6.5 Chemical ResistanceManhole or wetwell samplesmanufactured in a manner consistent in every way with thisspecification shall be tested in accordance with 8.7. The log ofTABLE 1 Stiffness RequirementsManhol
34、e Length, ft (mm) F/DY, psi (kPa)6 (1829) 0.72 (4.96)12 (3658) 1.26 (8.69)20 (6096) 2.01 (13.86)25 (7620) 3.02 (20.82)35 (10668) 5.24 (36.13)D 3753 05e12percent retention of each property after immersion testingwhen plotted against the log of immersion time, and extrapo-lated to 100 000 h shall assu
35、re retention of at least 50 % ofinitial properties. If a change is made in the manhole construc-tion and that change may affect the results of the chemicalresistance testing, then the testing shall be repeated. Chemicaltesting is conducted to determine the applicability of thematerials used in the m
36、anufacture of the manhole to thespecified use conditions. It is not considered to be a qualitycontrol procedure.6.6 Material PropertiesThe following properties shall beestablished for each type of construction used in the manhole.If a change in materials or methods of manufacturing is madeand that c
37、hange may effect the results of the following tests,then the testing shall be repeated. Material properties tests areconducted to qualify the finished product characteristics. Theyare not considered to be a quality control procedure.6.6.1 Material CompositionThe material composition inpercent by wei
38、ght shall be determined in accordance with8.8.1.6.6.2 Compressive StrengthThe compressive strength inthe hoop and axial directions of the manhole shall be deter-mined in accordance with 8.8.2.6.6.3 Flexural Strength and ModulusThe flexural strengthand flexural modulus of elasticity, in the hoop and
39、axialdirections of the manhole, shall be determined in accordancewith 8.8.3.6.7 HardnessThe surface hardness shall be determined inaccordance with 8.8.4.6.8 ThicknessThe thickness of each manhole-componentpart shall be determined in accordance with 8.3.2.6.9 Field Vacuum Test CapabilityEach manhole
40、orwetwell shall be capable of withstanding a field applied testvacuum of -5 psi (-34 kPa) gage.7. Quality Control7.1 ExaminationEach manhole-component part shall beexamined for workmanship dimensions, hardness, and thick-ness in accordance with Section 6.7.2 Composition ControlControls on glass and
41、resin con-tent shall be maintained for all manufacturing processes.Records shall be maintained as needed to ensure products meetthe requirements of the specification. Proper glass content maybe shown by glass usage checks, by glass and resin applicationrate checks, or material composition testing in
42、 accordance with8.8.1, or both.8. Test Methods8.1 ConditioningSpecimens tested shall be representativeof the actual manufacturing process. Conditioning of thespecimens is not allowed unless specified by this specification.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct at ambient temperature with-out any special control
43、s on temperature unless otherwisespecified.8.3 Dimensions:8.3.1 Measure dimensions other than thickness with a steeltape with graduations of 0.125 in. (3 mm) or less.8.3.2 ThicknessMeasure to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm)with a micrometer, caliper, gage, or other suitable instrument.Make a minimum
44、of one thickness reading per 34 ft2(3 m2)ofsurface in areas of constant thickness. Through regions of walltaper, make sufficient checks to establish the actual thickness.8.4 Load Rating:8.4.1 Load TestThe manhole tested shall be long enoughto include at least one of all unique or repetitive features
45、 suchas: bonded joints, adhesive seams, gasketed joints, etc. In anycase, the minimum length of the manhole cylinder shall not beless than 36 in. (914 mm) for each cylinder diameter.8.4.1.1 Concentric ManholesThe manhole to be testedshall be complete with cover and supporting ring installed.Apply th
46、e specified load eccentrically (see Fig. 1 for typicaltest model) on a 6 in. by 6 in. by12 in. (152 mm by 152 mmby 12.7 mm) steel plate resting on the manhole cover. Locatethe steel loading plate so that the center of the plate is within4 in. (102 mm) from the edge of the cover. Load in 2000-lbf(889
47、6-N) increments with close inspection between increases.Maintain the specified load for not less than 15 min.8.4.1.2 Eccentric ManholesThe manhole to be testedshall be complete with cover and supporting ring installed.Apply the specified load eccentrically (see Fig. 2 for typicaltest model) 6 in. by
48、 6 in. by12 in. (152 mm by 152 mm by 12.7mm) steel plate resting on the manhole cover. Locate the steelloading plate so that the center of the plate is within 4 in. (102mm) from the edge of the cover at a point where the edge of thecover is nearest to the axis of the manhole cylinder. Load in2000-lb
49、f (8896-N) increments with close inspection betweenincreases. Maintain the specified load for not less than 15 min.8.4.2 Deflection TestWhen load tested according to theprocedure as outlined in 8.4.1.1 and 8.4.1.2 the top of themanhole(s) shall not deflect vertically downward more than0.25 in. (6.35 mm) when measured at the point of loadapplication when the specified load is 24 000 lbf (106 757 N).Table of Dimensionsin. (mm)A 21 min (533 min)B 42 min (1067 min)C 6by6by12 (152 by 152 by 12.7)FIG. 1 Concentric Manhole Load Test ModelD 375
