1、Designation: D 4143 89 (Reapproved 2001)Standard Guide forTesting Latex Vehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latexvehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expresslyfor testing latex vehicles. Others w
3、ere developed for testing oranalyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings butwould be equally applicable for testing lattices.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta
4、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using the Stormer-Type Vis-cometer2D 1417 Test Methods for R
5、ubber LaticesSynthetic3D 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related Products2D 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield) Viscom-eter2D 2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Tem-perature (MFT) of Emulsion Vehicles4D
6、 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings2D 3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymersin Emulsion Paints2D 3792 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings byDirect Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph2D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented Coatings2D 4017
7、 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer Method2D 4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes4E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with theGlass Electrode53. Latex Sampling Methods3.1 Practice D 3925 describes sampling procedures for for-mulated (pigmented)
8、 coatings that are equally applicable tolatex vehicles.4. Nonvolatile Content4.1 Test Method D 2369 has been found suitable for thedetermination of the volatile content of many latex vehicles.Nonvolatile content is obtained by subtracting the results from100.NOTE 1Determinations of the volatile cont
9、ent using a shorter baketime than the 60 min recommended in Test Method D 2369 should benoted in the report of the results.4.2 The nonvolatile content of latexes may also be deter-mined for quality control purposes with Test Method D 4758which specifies baking at 180C for 20 min, conditionsselected
10、to allow completion of testing in1horless. For latexvehicles used in certain air-dry or low temperature bakecoatings, as well as for those that contain temperature-sensitivematerials, the use of the milder test conditions of Test MethodD 2369 (see 4.1) will more accurately reflect the effectivenonvo
11、latile content.4.2.1 Test Method D 4758 is not intended to be employedfor determining the volatile organic content (VOC) of formu-lated coatings.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSu
12、bcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.Current edition approved March 31, 1989. Published May 1989. Originallyissued as D4143 82. Last previous edition D 4143 82.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.5Annual Bo
13、ok of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.TABLE 1 Methods for Testing Latex VehiclesTest Method Section ASTM DesignationLatex sampling methods 3 D 3925Nonvolatile content 3.1 D 2369; D 4758Minimum film formation temperature(MFT)5 D 2354Qualitative polymeric analysis 6 D 3168Density 7 D 1475Viscosity 8 D 2196C
14、onsistency 9 D 562Water content 10 D 3792; D 4017pH 11 E 70Surface tension 12 D 14171Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFT)5.1 The MFT is the lowest temperature at which a latex wil
15、lform a continuous film. Test Method D 2354 employs draw-down application of the test latex on a substrate over which atemperature gradient has been established. The lowest tem-perature at which the latex is converted into a clear, continuousfilm corresponds to the minimum film formation temperature
16、.6. Qualitative Polymer Analysis6.1 Chemical identification of the polymeric material con-tained in a latex is readily determined by a method that wasdeveloped for polymer analysis of formulated latex paints.Practice D 3168 employs a sequence of drying and subsequentextraction and solution procedure
17、s that remove volatile andnonvolatile nonpolymeric materials and isolate the polymericsolids of the latex. The major components of the isolatedpolymeric material are qualitatively identified by infraredabsorption or pyrolysis-gas chromatographic techniques, orboth.7. Density7.1 The density of a late
18、x is its weight (mass) per unitvolume and is usually expressed as weight per gallon or gramsper millilitre at a specified temperature. At constant latexnonvolatile content, the density of various latex materials canvary depending on the density of the contained polymer solids.Test Method D 1475 is a
19、 general method for determining thedensity of fluid formulated coatings and components thereofand is therefore equally applicable for determination of thedensity of lattices.8. Viscosity8.1 Lattices are non-Newtonian materials having rheologi-cal properties that can be characterized by apparent visc
20、ositymeasurements made using rotational-type viscometers. TestMethods D 2196 describes techniques using a Brookfieldviscometer by which apparent viscosity can be measured andrelative shear rate and time dependence of apparent viscositycan be assessed.9. Consistency9.1 Consistency of formulated fluid
21、 paints, lacquers, var-nishes, and their individual fluid components, including high-viscosity lattices, are frequently measured using the Stormerviscometer. Test Method D 562 describes operation of theStormer viscometer for measuring the consistency of suchmaterials either with or without a strobos
22、copic timer.10. Water Content10.1 Although the major component of the volatile materialin a latex is usually water, other volatile components may bepresent. Test Method D 3792 was developed for determiningthe water content of liquid latex coatings by direct injectioninto a gas chromatograph. This me
23、thod is equally suitable fordetermining water content of lattices. Test Method D 4017 isbased on the Karl Fischer method and is also applicable fordetermining the water content of lattices.11. pH11.1 The pH of a latex can be measured by the generalprocedure described for aqueous solutions in Test Me
24、thodE 70.12. Surface Tension12.1 The surface tension of latex may be determined by thetechnique given in Test Methods D 1417. It is useful as aquality control/assurance test, and as an indicator of thewetting characteristics.13. Keywords13.1 latex vehicles; latticesASTM International takes no positi
25、on respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility
26、.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM
27、International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address sh
28、own below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 41432
