1、Designation: D4304 06aD4304 13Standard Specification forMineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or GasTurbines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas t
3、urbine lubricationsystems where the performance requirements demand a highly refined mineral or synthetic base oiloils compounded with rust andoxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This standard may alsobe applied to “combined cycl
4、e” turbine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam andgas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency.1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral and synthetic oil-based turb
5、ine lubricating oils that arefunctionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and withappropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics.1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating o
6、il before it is installed in the machinery.1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may performsatisfactorily in some turbines.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement
7、 are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Metho
8、d for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method f
9、or Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral OilsD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic FluidsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color
10、of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity SystemD3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Semi-Micro Color Indicator TitrationD34
11、27 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencie
12、s of Inhibited Mineral OilsD5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Capacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.C0.0
13、1 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2006Oct. 1, 2013. Published July 2006 October 2013. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2006 asD4304D4304 06a.06. DOI: 10.1520/D4304-06A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website
14、, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication o
15、f what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considere
16、d the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additiv
17、es by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationD6439 Guide for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Steam, Gas, and Hydroelectric Turbine Lubrication SystemsD7155 Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating OilsD7546 Test Method for Determination of Moisture in New and In-Ser
18、vice Lubricating Oils andAdditives by Relative HumiditySensorD7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation GasolineD7647 Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques toEliminate the Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Partic
19、les by Light Extinction2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4406440699 Particle Count AnalysisISO 6072 RubberCompatibility Between Hydraulic Fluids and Standard Elastomeric MaterialsISO 8068 Lubricatns, Industrial Oils and Related Products (Class L)Family T (Turbines)Specification for LubricatingTurbines3 Availab
20、le from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.D4304 1323. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Type I mineral or synthetic oils, noils for steam and gas steam, gas, or combined cycle turbine lubricating systems wherethe machinery does not require lub
21、ricants with enhanced load carrying capacity.3.1.1.1 DiscussionType I oils usually are available in ISO VG 32, 46, 68 and 100 (see Classification D2422). Such oils normally contain rust andoxidation inhibitors in addition to other additives as required to meet the specified performance characteristi
22、c. Type I oils aregenerally satisfactory for turbine sets where bearing temperatures do not exceed 110C.3.1.2 Type II mineral or synthetic oils, noils for steam and gas steam, gas, or combined cycle turbine lubricating systemswhere the machinery requires enhanced load carrying capacity.3.1.2.1 Discu
23、ssionType II oils usually are available in ISO VG 32, 46, 68, 100, and 150. These oils are similar to Type I but contain additionalanti-wear additives for use in turbines equipped with a gearbox. Type II oils are generally satisfactory for turbine sets wherebearing temperatures do not exceed 110C. O
24、ils ISO VG 68 and above have been used in marine, hydro, or water turbines.3.1.3 Type III mineral or synthetic oils, noils for heavy duty gas or combined cycle turbine lubricating systems where thelubricant shall withstand higher temperatures and exhibit higher thermal stability than Type I mineral
25、or Type II oils.3.1.3.1 DiscussionType III oils usually are available in ISO VG 32 and 46. Such oils are normally comprised of a highly refined mineral base oilor synthetic base oil (API group I, II, III, or IV) with suitable rust and oxidation inhibitors in addition to other additives as neededto m
26、eet specified performance characteristics. Type III oils are formulated for use in turbine sets where bearing temperatures mayexceed 110C. The turbine lubrication systems using Type III oils may be equipped with a gearbox that may require the selectionof oils that contain additional anti-wear additi
27、ves to impart the specified load carrying capacity.3.1.4 functional properties, nthose properties of the mineral or synthetic lubricating oil that are required for satisfactoryoperation of the machinery. These properties are listed in Section 5.4. Sampling and Testing Sampling, Testing, and System P
28、reparation4.1 SamplingGenerally, take all oil samples in accordance with Practice D4057.4.2 Use the ASTM and other test methods described in Tables 1-3.4.3 Test Method D6439 should be referenced for turbine flushing guidance.4.4 Practice D7155 should be referenced to confirm oil to oil compatibility
29、.5. Functional Property Requirements5.1 Mineral and synthetic lubricating oils conforming to the specification shall meet the functional property limits specified in5.2 5.4 and Tables 1-3. The significance of these properties is discussed in Appendix X1.5.2 Requirements for Type I oils are shown in
30、Table 1.5.3 Requirements for Type II oils are shown in Table 2.5.4 Requirements for Type III oils are shown in Table 3.D4304 133TABLE 1 Requirements for Type I Turbine OilsNOTE 1The nature of some turbine oil tests are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch of lubricant. The values are
31、 only recommendedvalues. A turbine oil that has been shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values or limits in Table1 have not been satisfied.Property ASTM Test Method LimitsPhysical:ISOviscosity grade D2422 32 46 68 100ASTM Color, rating D1500
32、 report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6C D4052 report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 180 180 180Pour point, C, max D97A 6 6 6 6Water Content, m%, max D6304 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt (mm2/s) 40C D445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110Visual examination at 20C
33、. clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D974B report report report reportPerformanceEmulsion characteristics: D1401Cat 54C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 .at 82C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max . . . 60Foaming characteristics: D892Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max 5
34、0/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50C, minutes max D3427 5 5 8 17Rust preventing characteristics D665, Procedure B Pass Pass Pass PassCopper corrosion, 3 h at 100C, max D130 1 1 1 1Oxidation stabilityD :Hours to neut. No. 2.0, min D943 2000 2000 1500 1000Minutes to 175 kPa drop, min D2272 350 350 175 1
35、501000h TOST Sludge, mg, max D4310 200 200 200 .1000h TOST, Total acid number, mg KOH/g, max D4310 report report report .Cleanliness at the delivery stage, max ISO 4406 -/17/14 -/17/14 -/17/14 -/17/14TABLE 1 Requirements for Type I Turbine OilsNOTE 1The nature of some turbine oil tests are such that
36、 they are not necessarily run on each batch of lubricant. The values are only recommendedvalues. A turbine oil that has been shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values or limits in Table1 have not been satisfied.Physical Test Method LimitsISO
37、viscosity grade D2422 32 46 68 100ASTM Color, rating D1500 report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6C D4052 report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 180 180 180Pour point, C, max D97A 6 6 6 6Water Content, m%, max D6304 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt (mm2/s) 40C D445
38、28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110Visual examination at 20C . clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D974B report report report reportPerformanceEmulsion characteristics: D1401Cat 54C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 N/Aat 82C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max N/A N/A N/A 60Foam
39、ing characteristics: D892Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50C, minutes max D3427 5 5 8 17Rust preventing characteristics D665, Procedure B Pass Pass Pass PassCopper corrosion, 3 h at 100C, max D130 1 1 1 1Oxidation stability:DHours to neut. No. 2.0, min D943D 2
40、000 2000 1500 1000Minutes to 175 kPa drop, min D2272 350 350 175 1501000h TOST Sludge, mg, max D4310C 200 200 200 .1000h TOST, Total acid number, mg KOH/g, max D4310 report report report .Elastomer Compatibility SRE NBR1, orSRENBR- 28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168 2 h at 100C 1C) volume change% minimum to ma
41、ximumISO 6072E 4 to 15 4 to 15 4 to 15 N/AElastomer Compatibility SRE NBR 1, orSRENBR- 28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168 2 h at 100C 1C),hardness change minimum to maximumISO 6072E 8 to 8 8 to 8 8 to 8 N/ACleanliness as filled into turbine, rating, max ISO 440699F 18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13D4304 1346
42、. Keywords6.1 combined cycle turbine oil; gas turbine oil; mineral oil; R and O oils; steam turbine oil; synthetic turbine oil; turbinelubricating oils; turbine lubrication systemsA Lower pour point may be required for some applications.B Test Method D664 may be used as an alternative test method.C
43、Applies only to steam turbine oils and combined cycle turbine oils.oils, for example, turbine oils with exposure to water.D Test Method D943 is the accepted test method for oxidation stability of new steam turbine oils. It is recognized thatTest Method D943 is a lengthy procedure.Test MethodD2272 is
44、 a shorter test for quality control. See X1.3.6 for significance of Test Method D2272.E Test limits based on ISO 8068 guidance for turbine oils.F Systems where the turbine oil is used as the control oil may require lower particle counts, suggest 16/14/11.D4304 135TABLE 2 Requirements for Type II Tur
45、bine OilsNOTE 1The nature of some tests are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch. The values are only recommended values. An oil that hasbeen shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values in Table 2 have not been satisfied.Proper
46、ty ASTM Test Method LimitsPhysical:ISOviscosity grade D2422 32 46 68 100 150ASTM Color, rating D1500 report report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6C D4052 report report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 180 180 180 210Pour point, C, max D97A 5 5 5 5 5Water Content, m%,
47、 max 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt, 40C (mm2/s) D445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110 135165Visual examination at 20C . clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D974B 0.2 0.2 0.2 report reportPerformance:Emulsion Characteristics:C D1401at 54C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max
48、30 30 30 . .at 82C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max . . . 60 60Foaming characteristics: D892Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50C minutes max D3427 5 5 10 17 25Rust preventing characteristics D665, Procedure B pass pass pass pass passCopper corrosion, 3 h at
49、100C, max D130 1 1 1 1 1Oxidation stability:DHours to neut. No. 2.0, min D943 3500 3000 2500 1000 1000Minutes to 175 kPa drop, min D2272 350 350 175 150 150Cleanliness at the delivery stage, rating, max ISO 4406 - /17/14 -/17/14Load carrying capacity:fail stage, min D5182E 8 8 8 9 9TABLE 2 Requirements for Type II Turbine OilsNOTE 1The nature of some tests are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch. The values are only recommended values. An oil that hasbeen sho
