1、Designation: D4304 13D4304 17Standard Specification forMineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or GasTurbines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas tu
3、rbine lubricationsystems where the performance requirements demand highly refined mineral or synthetic base oils compounded with rust andoxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This standard may alsobe applied to “combined cycle” tur
4、bine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam andgas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency.1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lu
5、bricating oils that arefunctionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and withappropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics.1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating oil bef
6、ore it is installed in the machinery.1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may performsatisfactorily in some turbines.1.5 This specification does not includeAPI Group V fluids. For polyol ester fluids used to lubricate
7、land-based gas turbines, theuser is referred to the current version of military specification MIL-PRF-23699 for fluid performance requirements. For phosphateester fluids used as turbine lubricants or steam turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluids, the user is referred to the currentversion of
8、Specification D4293 for fluid performance requirements.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizati
9、onestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland O
10、pen Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number
11、 of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral OilsD974 Test Me
12、thod for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic FluidsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vesse
13、l1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013June 1, 2017. Published October 2013
14、 June 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 asD4304 06a.D4304 13. DOI: 10.1520/D4304-06A.10.1520/D4304-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
15、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to a
16、dequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright AS
17、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity SystemD3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Semi-Micro Color Indicator TitrationD3427 Test Method for Air Releas
18、e Properties of Hydrocarbon Based OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4293 Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbi
19、ne Electro-Hydraulic Control(EHC) ApplicationsD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral OilsD5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Capacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, L
20、ubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationD6439 Guide for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Steam, Gas, and Hydroelectric Turbine Lubrication SystemsD7155 Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating OilsD7546 Test Method for Determination o
21、f Moisture in New and In-Service Lubricating Oils andAdditives by Relative HumiditySensorD7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation GasolineD7647 Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques toEliminate the Contribution of Water
22、 and Interfering Soft Particles by Light Extinction2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 440699 Particle Count AnalysisISO 6072 RubberCompatibility Between Hydraulic Fluids and Standard Elastomeric MaterialsISO 8068 Lubricatns, Industrial Oils and Related Products (Class L)Family T (Turbines)Specification for Lubr
23、icatingTurbines2.3 Military Standards:MIL-PRF-23699G Performance Specification Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Synthetic Base, NATO Code Numbers:O-152, O-154, O-156, and O-16743. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Type I mineral or synthetic oils, noils for steam, gas, or combined cycle turb
24、ine lubricating systems where the machinerydoes not require lubricants with enhanced load carrying capacity.3.1.1.1 DiscussionType I oils usually are available in ISO VG 32, 46, 68 and 100 (see Classification D2422). Such oils normally contain rust andoxidation inhibitors in addition to other additi
25、ves as required to meet the specified performance characteristic. Type I oils aregenerally satisfactory for turbine sets where bearing temperatures do not exceed 110C.110 C.3.1.2 Type II mineral or synthetic oils, noils for steam, gas, or combined cycle turbine lubricating systems where themachinery
26、 requires enhanced load carrying capacity.3.1.2.1 DiscussionType II oils usually are available in ISO VG 32, 46, 68, 100, and 150. These oils are similar to Type I but contain additionalanti-wear additives for use in turbines equipped with a gearbox. Type II oils are generally satisfactory for turbi
27、ne sets wherebearing temperatures do not exceed 110C.110 C. Oils ISO VG 68 and above have been used in marine, hydro, or water turbines.3.1.3 Type III mineral or synthetic oils, noils for heavy duty gas or combined cycle turbine lubricating systems where thelubricant shall withstand higher temperatu
28、res and exhibit higher thermal stability than Type I or Type II oils.3.1.3.1 DiscussionType III oils usually are available in ISO VG 32 and 46. Such oils are normally comprised of a highly refined mineral or syntheticbase oil (API group I, II, III, or IV) with suitable rust and oxidation inhibitors
29、in addition to other additives as needed to meetspecified performance characteristics. Type III oils are formulated for use in turbine sets where bearing temperatures may exceed3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http:/w
30、ww.ansi.org.4 Available from US Military document web site, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/D4304 172110C.110 C. The turbine lubrication systems using Type III oils may be equipped with a gearbox that may require the selectionof oils that contain additional anti-wear additives to impart the specified load
31、 carrying capacity.3.1.4 functional properties, nthose properties of the mineral or synthetic lubricating oil that are required for satisfactoryoperation of the machinery. These properties are listed in Section 5.4. Sampling, Testing, and System Preparation4.1 SamplingGenerally, take all oil samples
32、 in accordance with Practice D4057.4.2 Use the ASTM and other test methods described in Tables 1-3.4.3 Test Method D6439 should be referenced for turbine flushing guidance.4.4 Practice D7155 should be referenced to confirm oil to oil compatibility.5. Functional Property Requirements5.1 Mineral and s
33、ynthetic lubricating oils conforming to the specification shall meet the functional property limits specified in5.2 5.4 and Tables 1-3. The significance of these properties is discussed in Appendix X1.5.2 Requirements for Type I oils are shown in Table 1.5.3 Requirements for Type II oils are shown i
34、n Table 2.5.4 Requirements for Type III oils are shown in Table 3.6. Keywords6.1 combined cycle turbine oil; gas turbine oil; mineral oil; R and O oils; steam turbine oil; synthetic turbine oil; turbinelubricating oils; turbine lubrication systemsD4304 173TABLE 1 Requirements for Type I Turbine Oils
35、NOTE 1The nature of some turbine oil tests are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch of lubricant. The values are only recommendedvalues. A turbine oil that has been shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values or limits in Table
36、1 have not been satisfied.Physical Test Method LimitsISOviscosity grade D2422 32 46 68 100ASTM Color, rating D1500 report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6C D4052 report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6 C D4052 report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 1
37、80 180 180Pour point, C, max D97A 6 6 6 6Water Content, m%, max D6304 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt (mm2/s) 40C D445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110Viscosity, cSt (mm2/s) 40 C D445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110Visual examination at 20C . clear and brightVisual examination at 20 C . clear and
38、 brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D974B report report report reportPerformanceEmulsion characteristics: D1401Cat 54C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 N/Aat 54 C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 N/Aat 82C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max N/A N/A N/A 60at 82 C, minutes to 3
39、mL emulsion, max N/A N/A N/A 60Foaming characteristics: D892Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50C, minutes max D3427 5 5 8 17Air release, 50 C, minutes max D3427 5 5 8 17Rust preventing characteristics D665, Procedure B Pass Pass Pass PassCopper corrosion, 3 h a
40、t 100C, max D130 1 1 1 1Copper corrosion, 3 h at 100 C, max D130 1 1 1 1Oxidation stability:DHours to neut. No. 2.0, min D943D 2000 2000 1500 1000Minutes to 175 kPa drop, min D2272 350 350 175 1501000h TOST Sludge, mg, max D4310C 200 200 200 .1000h TOST, Total acid number, mg KOH/g, max D4310 report
41、 report report .Elastomer Compatibility SRE NBR1, orSRENBR- 28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168 2 h at 100C 1C) volume change% minimum to maximumISO 6072E 4 to 15 4 to 15 4 to 15 N/AElastomer Compatibility SRE NBR1, orSRENBR- 28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168 h 2 h at 100 C 1 C) volume change% minimum to maximumISO 6072E
42、 4 to 15 4 to 15 4 to 15 N/AElastomer Compatibility SRE NBR 1, orSRENBR- 28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168 2 h at 100C 1C),hardness change minimum to maximumISO 6072E 8 to 8 8 to 8 8 to 8 N/AElastomer Compatibility SRE NBR 1, orSRENBR- 28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168 h 2 h at 100 C 1 C),hardness change minimum to max
43、imumISO 6072E 8 to 8 8 to 8 8 to 8 N/ACleanliness as filled into turbine, rating, max ISO 440699F 18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13A Lower pour point may be required for some applications.B Test Method D664 may be used as an alternative test method.C Applies only to steam turbine oils and combined
44、 cycle turbine oils, for example, turbine oils with exposure to water.D Test Method D943 is the accepted test method for oxidation stability of new steam turbine oils. It is recognized thatTest Method D943 is a lengthy procedure.Test MethodD2272 is a shorter test for quality control. See X1.3.6 for
45、significance of Test Method D2272.E Test limits based on ISO 8068 guidance for turbine oils.F Systems where the turbine oil is used as the control oil may require lower particle counts, suggest 16/14/11.D4304 174TABLE 2 Requirements for Type II Turbine OilsNOTE 1The nature of some tests are such tha
46、t they are not necessarily run on each batch. The values are only recommended values. An oil that hasbeen shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values in Table 2 have not been satisfied.Physical Test Method LimitsISOviscosity grade D2422 32 46
47、68 100 150ASTM Color, rating D1500 report report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6C D4052 report report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6 C D4052 report report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 180 180 180 210Pour point, C, max D97A 5 5 5 5 5Water Conten
48、t, m%, max 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt, 40C (mm2/s) D445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110 135165Viscosity, cSt, 40 C (mm2/s) D445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110 135165Visual examination at 20C . clear and brightVisual examination at 20 C . clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg
49、KOH/g, max D974B 0.2 0.2 0.2 report reportPerformance:Emulsion Characteristics:C D1401at 54C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 . .at 54 C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 . .at 82C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max . . . 60 60at 82 C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max . . . 60 60Foaming characteristics: D892Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50C minutes max D3427 5 5 10 17 25Air release, 50 C minutes max D34
