1、Designation: D5077 90 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Terminology Relating toElectrostatic Discharge (ESD) Packaging Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The terms and definitions in this standard are related toElectrostatic Discharge (ESD) Packaging Materials an
3、d ESDProtective Materials.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-ments2.2 EIA Standard:EIA-541 Packaging Material Standards for ESD, SensitiveItems33. Terminologyantistatic agenta chemical compound which, when impreg-nated or formulated into
4、 or topically applied to a primarymaterial or substrate, gives the primary material antistaticproperties. See antistatic property.antistatic propertythe prevention of triboelectric chargegeneration by effectively minimizing the production of astatic charge when materials are separated from anothersu
5、rface.DISCUSSIONThe forword of EIA-541 states, “Antistatic no longerrefers to a resistivity range . Antistatic refers to a materials ability toresist triboelectric charge generation. A materials antistatic propensitydepends upon the nature of the material itself and the material withwhich it is in c
6、ontact along with the means of surface separation. Theantistatic property is not a dependent function of material resistivity.Material resistivity is an intrinsic property used to define its degree ofconductivity without regard to other materials.”conductora substance or body that allows a flow of e
7、lectriccurrent to pass continuously along it or through it when asufficient voltage is applied across any two points.dielectric breakdowna threshold effect in a dielectric me-dium where, at some electric field strength across themedium, bound electrons become unbound and travelthrough the medium as
8、a current. In solid media, the regionof the current path is permanently damaged. The unit ofmeasurement is usually volts per unit of thickness.electrically continuous surfacea surface that is electricallyconductive in that current can be passed at an applied voltagebetween any two points of its phys
9、ical surface.electrical overstress (EOS)overstress which may be due toESD or the operation of items beyond their electricalspecifications.electromagnetic shielda screen or other housing placedaround a device or circuit to reduce the effects on them fromboth electric and magnetic fields.electrostatic
10、 dischargethe transfer of electrostatic chargebetween bodies at different electrostatic potentials.electrostatic discharge (ESD) protective a property ofmaterials capable of one or more of the following:preventing the generation of static electricity.dissipating electrostatic changes over its surfac
11、e or vol-ume.providing shielding from ESD or electrostatic fields.electrostatic discharge sensitive (ESDS) a property ofitems in which they are inherently sensitive (ESDS) suscep-tible to either catastrophic failure or latent damage whenexposed to sources of ESD. Items are often categorized as tothe
12、ir levels of sensitivity but in all cases require some meansof ESD protective packaging and handling.electrostatic shielda barrier or enclosure that prevents thepenetration of an electrostatic field.DISCUSSIONAn electrostatic shield may not offer much protectionagainst the effects of an electromagne
13、tic field. Electromagnetic shields,however, are good electrostatic shields.grounda metallic connection with the earth to establish zeropotential.DISCUSSIONThe ground is the voltage reference point in a circuit.There may or may not be an actual connection to earth, but it isunderstood that a point in
14、 the circuit said to be at ground potential couldbe connected to earth without disturbing the operation of the circuit inany way. Grounds that can be used for static control work stations1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of
15、 Subcommittee D10.13 on InteriorPackaging.Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5077 90(2009).DOI: 10.1520/D5077-90R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
16、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Electronic Industries Association, 2001 Eye St., N.W.,Washington, DC 20006.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
17、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1include metal water pipes, any power ground, or any large metalstructural member of a building, vessel hull, etc. (See grounding.)groundingconnecting to ground or to a conductor that isgrounded.insulator (electric)a device having high elect
18、rical resistanceand used for supporting or separating conductors to preventundesired flow of current from them to other objects. (Alsoknown as electrical insulator.)ionizationthe process by which neutral atoms or molecules,such as air, acquire a positive or negative charge.packagingSee Terminology D
19、996.DISCUSSIONThe term packaging as used in this context should notbe confused with the term as it is used in the electronics industry whereit describes the assembly, black box enclosure, or physical encasing ofmicroelectronic devices.surface resistivity, sthe surface resistivity of a material isthe
20、 ratio of the potential gradient parallel to the current alongits surface to the current per unit width of the surface.DISCUSSIONSurface resistivity of a material is numerically equal tothe surface resistance between two electrodes forming opposite sides ofa square. The size of the square is immater
21、ial.volume resistivity, vthe volume resistivity of a material isthe ratio of the potential gradient parallel to the current in thematerial to the current density.DISCUSSIONIn the metric system, volume resistivity of an electricalinsulating material in ohm-cm is numerically equal to the volumeresista
22、nce in ohms between opposite faces of a 1-cm cube of thematerial. (Volume resistivity in m has a value of1100 of the value in cm.)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard a
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25、ou may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Unite
26、d States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 90 (2015)2
