1、Designation: D 5534 94 (Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forVapor-Phase Rust-Preventing Characteristics of HydraulicFluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the ability of hydraulic fluids toprevent the ru
3、sting of steel in the vapor phase over thehydraulic fluid and water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I
4、t is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedA 240/A 240M
5、Specification for Chromium andChromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Stripfor Pressure Vessels and for General ApplicationsD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD 119
6、3 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3603 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofSteam Turbine Oil in the Presence of Water (HorizontalDisk Method)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 Other Standards:IP 60/80 Specification for Petroleum Spirit3BS 970: 1955EN3B Specifica
7、tion for wrought steels43. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method is divided into two parts:3.1.1 Part AUsed only for fluids where water is thecontinuous phase. Examples of such fluids include water-glycol hydraulic fluids and high-water-content hydraulic fluids.Do not use Part A to evaluate inv
8、ert emulsion hydraulic fluids.3.1.2 Part BUsed for both water-containing fluids andcompletely water-free fluids such as petroleum based hydraulicfluids, except phosphate esters. In Part B a small beaker ofwater is present to provide water vapor to cause corrosion inthe absence of a vapor-phase inhib
9、itor in the fluid. Part B is theappropriate procedure for evaluating invert emulsion hydraulicfluids.3.2 In both Part A and Part B, a steel specimen is attachedto the underside of the cover of a beaker containing the fluidunder test. The apparatus and specimen are identical to those ofTest Method D
10、3603. The fluid is brought to a test temperatureof 60C (140F).3.3 In Part B, the test specimen is exposed to the vapor fromthe fluid for 30 min prior to the introduction of water. A beakerof water is then placed in the undercarriage of the cover.3.4 After 6 h, the apparatus is disassembled and the s
11、peci-men is rated visually for the presence of rust.3.5 Since the apparatus and test conditions are identical,Part A can be completed simultaneously with Test MethodD 3603 by adding the vapor-phase specimen to that procedure.4. Significance and Use4.1 Procedures such as Test Methods D 665 and D 3603
12、assess the ability of new or unused hydraulic fluid to preventrusting on wetted steel surfaces but do not address theprevention of rusting in the vapor space above the fluid. Thisprocedure addresses the latter question under one set of testconditions and need not be applicable to some service condi-
13、tions. Since used fluids have not been cooperatively tested inthis procedure, its utility for in-service monitoring has not beenestablished.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0 on
14、Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 553494(1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K.4Available from IHS Engineering/IHS International, 15 Inverness Way, EastEnglewood, CO 80112.1Copyright ASTM International, 1
16、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Apparatus5.1 Oil BathThermostatically controlled liquid bath ca-pable of maintaining a temperature in the oil sample of 60 61C (140 6 2F). The bath shall have holes to accommodatethe test beakers.NOTE 1The bath use
17、d for Test Method D 665 can be used with aslight modification, that is, the centers of the beaker holes are moved from6.4 mm to 18.3 mm (14 to2332 in.) from the axis of the stirrers.NOTE 2To indicate the temperature, a thermometer conforming to therequirements of ASTM Thermometer 9C or 9F, or IP The
18、rmometer 21C,as prescribed in Specification E1should be used.5.2 Beaker400-mL, Berzelius-type, tall-form heat resis-tant glass beaker,5approximately 127 mm (5 in.) in heightmeasured from the inside bottom center and approximately 70mm (234 in.) in inside diameter measured at the middle, andwithout p
19、ourout (see Fig. 1).5.3 Beaker Cover (Fig. 2) and Specimen Holder (Fig.3)Flat beaker cover of 4.8 mm (316 in.) methyl methacrylateresin or other fluid-resistant material, kept in position by asuitable groove. Three holes, 7.9 mm (516 in.) in diameter, shallbe provided. Two are located on any diamete
20、r of the cover, onefor a stirrer 18.3 mm (2332 in.) from the covers center, and theother for the vapor-phase test specimen 7.9 mm (516 in.) fromthe center on the opposite side. The third hole, for a thermom-eter, is located 27 mm (1116 in.) from the center on a diameterperpendicular to that of the o
21、ther two holes. The undercarriageis a Test Method D 3603 specimen holder suitably attached tothe beaker cover, used here to support the water beaker (see5.7) used in Part B. One suitable undercarriage (the one used inthe round-robin) is shown in Fig. 1. An undercarriage must bepresent even for Part
22、A, to prevent vortexing. The holding rod,appropriate for this apparatus, is depicted in Fig. 4.NOTE 3Other holders suitable for supporting the specimen in TestMethod D 3603 are also suitable for supporting the water beaker in thistest method. The undercarriage design is not considered to be critical
23、.5.4 StirrerConstructed entirely from stainless steel in theform of an inverted T (Fig. 5). A flat blade 25.4 by 6.1 by 0.6mm (1 by 0.24 by 0.024 in.) shall be attached to a 6.1 mm (0.24in.) rod in such a way that the blade is symmetrical with the rodand has its flat surface in the vertical pane.NOT
24、E 4A suitable material is an 18 % chromium, 8 % nickel alloysteel conforming to Type 304 of SpecificationA 240/A 240M, or SAE No.30304, or BS 970: Part 1: 1983: 302531.NOTE 5If stainless steel is not available, stirrers made of heat resistantglass and having approximately the same dimensions as the
25、stainless steelstirrers can be used.65.5 Stirring ApparatusAny convenient form of stirringapparatus capable of maintaining a speed of 1000 6 50 rpm.5.6 Grinding and Polishing Equipment150- and 240- gritmetalworking aluminum oxide abrasive cloth, closed coat on ajeans backing, a suitable chuck (Fig.
26、6) for holding thespecimen, and a means of rotating the specimen at a speed of1700 to 1800 rpm.5.7 Water Beaker for Part BFlat-bottomed beaker madefrom 30 mm (1.2 in.) outside diameter standard wall glasstubing, 50 mm (2.0 in.) high. It should fit snugly in theundercarriage of the specimen holder.6.
27、 Reagents and Materials6.1 Cleaning AgentsOne of the following shall be used.6.1.1 ASTM Precipitation Naphtha, conforming to TestMethod D91.(WarningPrecipitation naphtha is flammableand a health hazard.)5British Standard 2, 1965 Section 5, or equivalent, may be used.6Borosilicate glass is satisfacto
28、ry for this purpose.NOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 1 Rusting Test ApparatusNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 2 Beaker CoverD 5534 94 (2005)26.1.2 Isooctane, conforming to Annex A2. on ReferenceMaterials and Blending Accessories.7Previously used, un-rusted speci
29、mens shall be stored in this reagent. (WarningIsooctane is flammable and a health hazard.)6.1.3 IP Petroleum Spirit, conforming to IPSpecification 60/80. (WarningIP petroleum spirit is flam-mable and a health hazard.)7. Test Specimens and Their Preparation7.1 The steel coupon, when new, shall be 30.
30、2 mm (1316 in.)in diameter and 4.8 mm (316 in.) thick, with a 6.4 mm (14 in.)central threaded shaft 9.5 mm (38 in.) long (Fig. 7). Specimensshould be discarded when they reach a thickness of 1.6 mm(116 in.) after repeated use.7.2 Coupons shall be made of steel conforming to Grade1018 of Specificatio
31、n A 108,ortoBS 970: 1955EN3B.7Withdrawn. See 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04 (gray pages).NOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 3 Specimen HolderNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 4 Holding RodNOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).NOTE 2125all
32、over.NOTE 3All dimensions 60.5 mm (0.02 in.).NOTE 4Break all sharp corners.FIG. 5 StirrerD 5534 94 (2005)3NOTE 6When making a check test, the steel coupon that showed rustshould not be reused. Steel coupons that repeatedly show rust in tests ofvarious oils might be imperfect. Such coupons should be
33、used with oilsknown to pass the test. If rusting results, the coupons should be discarded.7.3 Steel coupons, either new or from a previous test(previously used coupons shall be stored in isooctane) shall beprepared as described in 7.4 and 7.5.7.4 Preliminary GrindingIf the coupons have been usedprev
34、iously and are free from rust or other irregularities thepreliminary grinding may be omitted, and they may be sub-jected to only final polishing as prescribed in 7.5.Ifthespecimens are new or if any part of their surfaces show rust orother irregularities, clean them with ASTM precipitation naph-tha
35、or isooctane or IP 60/80 petroleum spirit and grind themwith medium 150-grit aluminum oxide cloth to remove allirregularities, pits and scratches, as determined by visualinspection.7.4.1 Do not touch the specimen with the hands at any stageafter cleaning with naphtha or isooctane or the petroleum sp
36、irit(which precedes either preliminary grinding or final polishing)until the test is completed. Forceps or a clean lintless cloth maybe used.7.5 Final PolishingJust before the test is to be made,polish the specimens with a 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth. Ifthe preliminary grinding has just been compl
37、eted, stop themotor which rotates the specimen. Otherwise, remove thespecimen from the isooctane (previously used unrusted speci-mens shall be stored in this reagent), dry with a clean cloth, andplace in a chuck.7.5.1 Steel CouponWhen polishing a steel coupon, rub anew piece of 240-grit aluminum oxi
38、de cloth across the flat testsurface until the entire surface shows visible straight scratches.Rotate the coupon at a speed of 1700 to 1800 rpm and polishwith a strip of 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth by pressingfirmly against the cloth with the flat of the thumb and slowlymoving it back and forth ac
39、ross the flat surface to produce auniform finely scratched surface free from straight scratches.Carry out the final stages of the polishing with new cloth. Useonly the flat surface in evaluating the test. However, the edgeand surface adjacent to the shaft should be rust free, notnecessarily polished
40、, at the start of the test.8. Procedure8.1 Clean the beaker in accordance with good laboratoryprocedure, rinse it with distilled water (see SpecificationD 1193) and dry it in an oven. Clean the stainless steel stirrerand plastic beaker cover and specimen holder assembly withASTM precipitation naphth
41、a, isooctane, or 60/80 petroleumspirit, and dry thoroughly at room temperature.NOTE 7In cases of dispute the parties are to agree on a glasswarecleaning procedure. However, the round-robin was conducted with glass-ware cleaned with chromic acid.8.2 Being careful to avoid fingerprints, attach the ste
42、elcoupon by its threaded portion to the underside of the beakercover. The coupon can be threaded into a Test Method D 3603vertical specimen or plastic cap, a14 in.20 UNC nut, a thinpiece of plastic with a 5-mm (316-in.) hole, or any otherconvenient support.8.3 Pour 275 mL of the fluid to be tested i
43、nto the beaker andplace the beaker in the oil bath held at a temperature that willmaintain 60 6 1C (140 6 2F) in the oil sample. Insert thebeaker into a hole in the bath cover so that the beaker issuspended with the rim resting on the bath cover. The oil levelin the bath shall not be below the oil l
44、evel in the test beaker.Lower the assembly into the oil sample until the cover rests onthe beaker rim. Insert the thermometer in the beaker so that thebulb is positioned approximately 20 mm (34 in.) from thebottom of the beaker. Place the stirrer in position so that it doesnot touch the coupons when
45、 turning and is within 2.0 mm (0.08in.) of the bottom of the beaker. Start the stirrer and stir whilethe temperature of the sample reaches 60 6 1C (140 6 2F).8.4 For Part A, time 6 h from the time the temperaturereaches 60 6 1C (140 6 2F).8.5 For Part B, allow the sample to stir for 30 min after its
46、temperature reaches 60 6 1C (140 6 2F). Then stop thestirrer, remove the thermometer and raise the beaker cover.Place the water beaker containing 25 mL of deionized water inthe undercarriage, replace the cover assembly, replace thethermometer, start the stirrer and time 6 h from that time.8.6 After
47、the 6 h has elapsed, stop the stirrer, disassemblethe apparatus, and remove the test coupon. Wash with ASTMprecipitation naphtha or isooctane or 60/80 petroleum spirit.After the steel coupon is rated, it can be preserved for referenceby lacquering. If repeated polishing has not rendered theNOTE 1Tap
48、 dimensions are in inches. All others are in millimetres(inches).NOTE 2125all over.NOTE 3All dimensions 60.5 mm (0.02 in.).NOTE 4Break all sharp corners.FIG. 6 Chuck for Polishing Test SpecimensNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 7 Steel CouponD 5534 94 (2005)4coupon excessively conv
49、ex, the degree of rusting may also bearchived by photocopying the coupon.8.7 All inspections at the end of the test to determine thecondition of coupons shall be performed without magnificationunder normal light. For the purpose of this test normal light isconsidered to be illumination of about 646 lx (60 fc).8.8 In order to report an oil as passing or failing, the testshall be conducted in duplicate. An oil shall be reported aspassing the test if both coupons meet the passing criterion in8.9. An oil shall be repo
