1、Designation: D7566 11aAn American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Turbine Fuel Containing SynthesizedHydrocarbons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specifica
3、tion covers the manufacture of aviationturbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blend-ing components.1.2 This specification applies only at the point of batchorigination. Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified andreleased to all the requirements of this specification, meets th
4、erequirements of Specification D1655 and shall be regarded asSpecification D1655 turbine fuel. Once released to this speci-fication (D7566) the requirements of this specification are nolonger applicable: any recertification shall be done to D1655.Field blending of synthesized paraffinic kerosine (SP
5、K) withD1655 fuel (which may on the whole or in part have originatedas D7566 fuel) shall be considered batch origination in whichcase all of the requirements of this specification (D7566) apply,however the fuel shall be regarded as D1655 turbine fuel aftercertification and release.1.3 This specifica
6、tion defines specific types of aviationturbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons for civil usein the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuelsfound satisfactory for the operation of aircraft and engines. Thespecification is intended to be used as a standard in describingth
7、e quality of aviation turbine fuels and synthetic blendingcomponents at the place of manufacture but can be used todescribe the quality of aviation turbine fuels for contractualtransfer at all points in the distribution system.1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactoryfor aviatio
8、n turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditionsof use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range ofcharacteristics than is shown by this specification.1.5 While aviation turbine fuels defined by this specificationcan be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines,requirements f
9、or such other applications have not been consid-ered in the development of this specification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, a
10、ssociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Test
11、erD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper St
12、rip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet E
13、vapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPe
14、troleum Products by Hydrometer Method1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.06 on Emerging Turbine Fuels.Current edition approved July 15, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyap
15、proved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D756611. DOI:10.1520/D7566-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summ
16、ary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicato
17、r AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine andAviation Turbine FuelD1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD1740 Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of AviationTurbine Fuels3D1840 Test Method for Naphth
18、alene Hydrocarbons inAvia-tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant inAviationFuel by Line SamplingD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in MiddleDistillates by Mass SpectrometryD2622 Test
19、Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviationand Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD2892 Test Method for Distillation o
20、f Crude Petroleum(15-Theoretical Plate Column)D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gaso-line, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In AviationTurbine FuelsD3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability ofAviati
21、on Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content ofAviation FuelsD3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of AviationTurbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nu
22、clear Magnetic Reso-nance SpectrometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water SeparationCharacteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by PortableSeparometerD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digi
23、tal Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and P
24、etroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid PetroleumHydroc
25、arbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion andChemiluminescence DetectionD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test Method for Qualitati
26、ve Analysis for ActiveSulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (BOCLE)D5006 Test Met
27、hod for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen
28、, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsD5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluoresc
29、enceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by theAutomatic Tristimulus MethodD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-metric Karl F
30、ischer TitrationD6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and PetroleumDistillatesHigh Performance Liquid ChromatographyMethod with Refractive Index DetectionD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD7153 Test Method for Freezing Poin
31、t of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Laser Method)D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Fiber Optical Method)D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfurin Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxida-tive Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chroma-tograph
32、y Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-CIC)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.D7566 11a22.2 Energy Institute Standards:4IP 225 Copper Cont
33、ent of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 227 Silver Corrosion of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 540 Determination of the Existent Gum Content ofAviation Turbine FuelJet Evaporation MethodIP 585 Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME),derived from bio-diesel fuel, in aviation turbine fuel -GC-MS with selecti
34、ve ion monitoring/scan detectionmethodIP 590 Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) inaviation turbine fuel - HPLC evaporative light scatteringdetector method2.3 ANSI Standard:5ANSI 863 Report of Test Results2.4 Other Standard:6Defence Standard 91-91 Turbine Fuel, Aviation KerosineType, Je
35、t A-12.5 IATA Guidance:7968002 IATA Guidance Material on Microbiological Con-tamination in Aircraft Fuel Tanks2.6 UOP Test Methods:8UOP 389 Trace Metals in Oils by Wet Ash/ICP-AES2.7 U.S. Department of Defense Specifications:9MIL-PRF-25017 Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver,Fuel SolubleQDS-2501
36、7 Qualified Data Set for MIL-PRF-25017 (In-hibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel Soluble)3. General3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of aviation turbine fuel at the time andplace of batch origination.4. Terminology4.1 Definitions:4.1.1 convent
37、ional hydrocarbons, nhydrocarbons derivedfrom the following conventional sources: crude oil, natural gasliquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands.4.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:4.2.1 batch origination, nlocation at which fuel is certi-fied as D7566.4.2.2 conventiona
38、l blending component, nblendingstreams derived from conventional hydrocarbons.4.2.3 hydroprocessed, adjconventional chemical process-ing in which hydrogen is reacted with organic compounds inthe presence of a catalyst to remove impurities such as oxygen,sulfur, nitrogen; to saturate unsaturated hydr
39、ocarbons; or toalter the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon molecules.4.2.4 synthesized hydrocarbons, nhydrocarbons derivedfrom alternative sources such as coal, natural gas, biomass, andhydrogenated fats and oils by processes such as gasification,Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydroprocessing.4
40、.2.5 synthetic blending component, nsynthesized hydro-carbons that meet the requirements of Annex A1 or Annex A2.4.2.6 synthesized paraffnic kerosine (SPK), nsyntheticblending component that is comprised essentially of iso-paraffins, normal paraffins, and cycloparaffins.4.2.6.1 DiscussionTrace mater
41、ials are permitted providedthey are components that normally occur in hydroprocessed jetfuel including, but not limited to, trace organics, nitrogencompounds, water, dissolved air, etc.5. Classification5.1 Two grades of aviation turbine fuels are provided, asfollows:5.1.1 Jet A and Jet A-1Relatively
42、 high flash point distil-lates of the kerosine type.5.2 Jet A and Jet A-1 represent two grades of kerosine fuelthat differ in freezing point. Other grades would be suitablyidentified.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise defined in thisspecification, shall consis
43、t of the following blends of compo-nents or fuels:6.1.1 Conventional blending components or Jet A or Jet A-1fuel certified to Specification D1655; with up to 50 % byvolume of the synthetic blending component defined in AnnexA1.6.1.2 Conventional blending components or Jet A or Jet A-1fuel certified
44、to Specification D1655; with up to 50% byvolume of the synthetic blending component defined in AnnexA2.6.2 Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimatelyapproved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as part of the typecertification prog
45、ram for that aircraft and engine model.Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel mustalso be similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4).6.3 AdditivesMay be added to each type of aviationturbine fuel in the amount and of the composition specified inTable 2 or the following l
46、ist of approved material:106.3.1 Other additives are permitted under 6.2 and 8.1. Theseinclude fuel performance enhancing additives and fuel han-dling and maintenance additives as found under Table 2. Thequantities and types shall be declared by the fuel supplier andagreed to by the purchaser. Only
47、additives approved by theaircraft and engine certifying authorities are permitted in thefuel on which an aircraft is operated.6.3.1.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage.Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval status4Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendis
48、h St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from Defence Equipment and Support, UK Defence Standardization,Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow,
49、 G2 8EX (http:/www.dstan.mod.uk).7Available from International Air Transport Association (IATA). Head Office:800 Place Victoria, PO Box 113, Montreal, H4Z 1M1, Quebec, Canada. ExecutiveOffice: 33, Route de lAeroport, PO Box 416, 1215 Geneva, 15Airport, Switzerland.www.iata.org.8Available from ASTM International, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Cus-tomer Service at serviceastm.org.9Available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins,Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia PA 19111-5094 (http:/assist.daps.dla.mil).10Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval o
