1、Designation: D7719 11Standard Specification forHigh Octane Unleaded Test Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis new test fuel specification is for a high-octane unleaded fuel to be used for gathering datatoward a commercial research report and specification o
3、n an unleaded high-octane aviation gasoline.A new high-octane unleaded test fuel has been developed which maintains the key performanceparameters of existing reciprocating aircraft engines. The two essential performance parameters ofMON and VP are inversely related with respect to composition and th
4、us can uniquely define acomposition range of the two components. The values for VP and MON in Table 1 reflect the limitingvalues of the two components. The binary fuel exhibits a higher volumetric energy density (net heatof combustion times density) which is of great performance interest, although n
5、ot explicitly stated inTable 1. The distillation parameters reflect the binary compositional effects. This is an unleaded fuel,so the limit of TEL in Table 1 is the same as is used in Specification D4814 for mogas and is meantto mitigate unintentional contamination by TEL. Lastly, references to dyes
6、 remain in the specificationso that test groups may use them as necessary.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications forpurchases of a high octane unleaded test fuel under contractand is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies fortesting purposes.21.2 This specification
7、defines a specific type of high octaneunleaded test fuel for use as an aviation spark-ignition fuel.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation
8、of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D1094 Test
9、 Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Avi
10、ation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviationand Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasol
11、ine by Atomic Ab-sorption SpectroscopyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of P
12、etroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace Contamination1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Cu
13、rrent edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D771911.2Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1721.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
14、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion
15、 of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5190 Test Method
16、for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aviation gasoline fuel, nfuel pos
17、sessing specificproperties suitable for operating aircraft powered by recipro-cating spark-ignition engines.3.1.2 binary, adjcharacterized by, or consisting of, twocomponents.3.1.3 biomass, nplant material, vegetation, or agriculturalwaste used as a fuel or energy source.3.1.4 high-octane, adjposses
18、sing a motor octane number(MON) greater than 100.4. General4.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of a binary aviation fuel at the time andplace of delivery.5. Classification5.1 One grade of high octane unleaded test fuel is provided,known as UL102.6. Ma
19、terials and Manufacture6.1 High octane unleaded test fuel, except as otherwisespecified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refinedreformate hydrocarbons. The sources for these hydrocarbonsinclude biomass, natural gas, or crude petroleum.6.1.1 SeeAppendix X1 for one particular composit
20、ion beingtest that meets the parameters of Table 1.6.2 AdditivesThese can be added to each grade of high-octane unleaded aviation fuel in the amount, and of thecomposition, specified in the following list of approved mate-rials:6.2.1 DyesThe total maximum concentration of dye in thefuel is 6.0 mg/L.
21、6.2.1.1 The only blue dye present in the finished fuel shallbe essentially 1,4-dialkylaminoanthraquinone.6.2.1.2 The only yellow dyes in the finished fuel shall beessentially p-diethylaminoazobenzene (Color Index No.11021) or 1,3-benzenediol 2,4-bis (alkylphenyl)azo-.6.2.1.3 The only red dye present
22、 in the finished fuel shall beessentially alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.6.2.1.4 The only orange dye present in the finished fuel shallbe essentially benzene-azo-2-napthol (Color Index No. 12055).6.2.2 Other AdditivesThese may be added in the amountand of the composition specified
23、in the following list ofapproved materials. The quantities and types shall be declaredby the manufacturer. Additives added after the point ofmanufacture shall also be declared.6.2.2.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidation inhibitorsmay be added to the fuel separately, or in combination, in totalTABLE
24、1 Detailed Requirements for High Octane Unleaded Test FuelOctane Ratings Grade UL102 ASTM Test MethodKnock value, Motor Octane Number min 102.2 D2700Density at 15C, kg/m3 min 790D1298 or D4052max 825Distillation D86Initial boiling point, C Report D86Fuel Evaporated D8610 volume % at C max 75 D8640 v
25、olume % at C min 75 D8650 volume % at C max 165 D8690 volume % at C max 165 D86Final boiling point, C max 180 D86Sumof10%+50%evaporated temperatures, C min 135 D86Recovery, volume % min 97 D86Residue, volume % max 1.5 D86Loss, volume % max 1.5 D86Vapor pressure, 37.8C, kPa min 38.0D323, D5190 ,orD51
26、91max 49.0Freezing point, C max -58 D2386Sulfur, mass % max 0.05 D1266 or D2622Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 41.5 D4809Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100C max No. 1 D130Oxidation stability (5 h aging)D873Potential gum, mg/100 mL max 6Water reactionD1094Volume change, mL max 62Electrical conduct
27、ivity, pS/m max 450 D2624Tetraethyl Lead, g Pb/L max 0.013 D3237 or D5059D7719 112concentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not includingweight of solvent) per litre of fuel.(1) 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.(2) 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.(3) 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol.(4) 75 %
28、minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 %maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.(5) 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 %maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.(6) 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenolplus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary but
29、yl-phenols.(7) N,N-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.(8) N,N-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.6.2.2.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)One of thefollowing materials may be used:(1) Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordancewith the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). Ma
30、ybe used in concentrations recommended by the aircraft manu-facturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.(2) Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME),conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (TypeIII). May be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %when required by
31、the aircraft owner/operator.(3) Test Method D5006 can be used to determine theconcentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.NOTE 1Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) may reduce knock ratingsbelow minimum specification values.6.2.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis 450 in con-centrations up to 3
32、mg/L is permitted. When loss of fuelconductivity necessitates retreatment with electrical conductiv-ity additive, further addition is permissible6.2.2.4 Corrosion Inhibitor AdditiveThe following corro-sion inhibitors may be added to the fuel in concentrations notto exceed the maximum allowable conce
33、ntration (MAC) listedfor each additive.DCI-4A MAC = 24.0 g/m3DCI-6A MAC = 15.0 g/m3HITEC 580 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g/m3UNICOR J MAC = 22.5 g/m3SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g/m37. Detailed Requirements7.1 The high
34、 octane unleaded test fuel shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be lessthan the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowanceshall be made for the precision of the test methods. Todetermine the conformance to the specification re
35、quirement, atest result may be rounded to the same number of significantfigures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multipledeterminations are made, the average result, rounded accordingto Practice E29, shall be used.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 The high octane unleaded test fuel spe
36、cified in thisspecification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment,and suspended matter. No substances of known dangeroustoxicity, under usual conditions of handling and use, shall bepresent except as permitted in this specification.9. Sampling9.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling
37、 proce-dures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate proce-dures in Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.9.1.1 Although automatic sampling following PracticeD4177 may be useful in certain situations, initial manufacturer/supplier specification compliance testing shall be performed ona sample t
38、aken following procedures in Practice D4057.9.2 A number of high octane unleaded test fuel properties,including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and othersare very sensitive to trace contamination which can originatefrom sample containers. For recommended sample containers,refer to Practic
39、e D4306.10. Reports10.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformancewith the requirements of this specification shall be mutuallyagreed to by the purchaser and the supplier of the high octaneunleaded test fuel.11. Test Methods11.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe det
40、ermined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:11.1.1 Knock Value (Lean Rating)Test Method D2700.11.1.2 Tetraethyl LeadTest Methods D3237 or D5059.11.1.3 DensityTest Methods D1298 or D4052.11.1.4 DistillationTest Method D86.11.1.5 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.11.1.6 Vapor PressureTest
41、Methods D323, D5190,orD5191.11.1.7 Net Heat of CombustionTest Method D4809.11.1.8 SulfurTest Methods D1266 or D2622.11.1.9 Corrosion (Copper Strip)Test Method D130,2htest at 100C in bomb.11.1.10 Potential Gum and Visible Lead PrecipitateTestMethod D873 except that wherever the letter X occurs (refer
42、-ring to oxidation time) insert the number 5, designating thenumber of hours prescribed in this specification.11.1.11 Water ReactionTest Method D1094.11.1.12 Electrical ConductivityTest Method D2624.12. Keywords12.1 aviation fuel; binary; high-octane; unleadedD7719 113APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Informati
43、on)X1. BINARY FUEL COMPOSITIONX1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 This specification covers a high octane unleaded testfuel developed for existing spark-ignition aircraft engines. Thespecification is being proposed for testing purposes only.X1.2 CompositionX1.2.1 The origin of the fuel lies in two essential eng
44、ineperformance parameters: Motor Octane Number, and VaporPressure. Fig. X1.1 shows the inverse relationship of these twoparameters as a function of mesitylene composition.X1.2.2 These two parameters coupled with the fact that thefuel is a binary composition, fix the effective compositionrange as fol
45、lows:(1) High Octane Composition: 84% mesitylene 16% iso-pentane(2) High Limit Reid Composition 79% mesitylene 21%isopentaneX1.2.3 These limits are proposed to define the binary fuelstest fuel specification composition.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights
46、 asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any ti
47、me by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
48、receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM
49、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. X1.1 Motor Octane Number and Vapor Pressure versus % MesityleneD7719 114
