1、Designation: D8074 18Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in DD13 Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8074; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2services (see A
3、nnex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is
4、to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) requ
5、ire that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of
6、 testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.1. Scope*1.
7、1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics,including adhesive wear between an uncoated piston ring andcylinder liner. This test method is commonly referred to as theDD13 Scuffing Test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be
8、 regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent,such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipmentspecifications.1.3 This standard does not purpor
9、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Annex A2 for specific safety
10、 precautions.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technic
11、alBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Tes
12、t Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommi
13、ttee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originallyapproved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8074 16. DOI:10.1520/D8074-18.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in
14、the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information Letters through No. 17-1.3For referenced ASTM standards,
15、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internationa
16、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides
17、and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liq
18、uids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD975 Sp
19、ecification for Diesel Fuel OilsD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Metho
20、d for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion
21、 of Aviation FuelsD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method
22、 for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4683 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New andUsed Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Tempera-ture by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 CD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determin
23、ation byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and Polynuclear Aromatic
24、Content of DieselFuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical FluidChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine O
25、ils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition EngineD7320 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Eng
26、ineOils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-tative Analysis2.2 Other Standards:Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-794,52.3 O
27、ther ASTM Document:ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 Formerly CRC Manual2063. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 adhesive wear (scuffng), nwear due to localizedbonding between contacting solid surfaces leading to materialtransfer between the two surfaces or loss from either surface.D41753.1.2 blind refere
28、nce oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41753.1.3 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned a
29、ir/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation. D41753.1.4 break-in, vin internal combustion engines, the run-ning of a new engine under prescribed conditions to helpstabilize engine response and help remove initial frictioncharacteristics associated with new e
30、ngine parts. D41753.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of ameasuring device with respect to that of a standard. D41753.1.6 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable test results.3.1
31、.6.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting guidance and determines acceptability. D41753.1.7 calibration test, nan engine test conducted on areference oil under carefully prescribed conditions, the resultsof which are used t
32、o determine the suitability of the enginestand/laboratory for such tests on non-reference oils.3.1.7.1 DiscussionA calibration test also includes testsconducted on parts to ensure their suitability for use inreference and non-reference tests. D41753.1.8 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to hav
33、e theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification. D41754Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5https:/www.gpo.
34、gov/fdsys/granule/CFR-2013-title40-vol19/CFR-2013-title40-vol19-sec86-310-79.6For stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.D8074 1823.1.9 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an e
35、ngine; removes heatparticularly from the underside of pistons; and serves ascombustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.9.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, depositformation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming areexamples. D
36、41753.1.10 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). D41753.1.11 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engineoperation, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the poten
37、tial maximums.D41753.1.12 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.13 lubricant test monitoring system (LTMS), nan ana-lytical system in which ASTM calibration test data are used tomanage lubricant
38、test precision and severity (bias). D41753.1.13.1 LTMS date, nthe date the test was completedunless a different date is assigned by the TMC. D6984/D73203.1.13.2 LTMS time, nthe time the test was completedunless a different time is assigned by the TMC. D6984/D73203.1.14 lubricant, nany material inter
39、posed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D41753.1.15 mass fraction of B, wB,nmass of a component B ina mixture divided by the total mass of all the constituents of themixture.3.1.15.1 DiscussionValues are expressed as pure numbersor the ratio of two units of
40、 mass (for example, mass fraction oflead is wB=1.310-6= 1.3 mg/kg). D41753.1.16 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D41753.1.17 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in t
41、he standard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions. D41753.1.18 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen,
42、that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof. D41753.1.19 quality index (QI), na mathematical formula thatuses data from controlled parameters to calculate a valueindicative of
43、 control performance. D41753.1.20 quantity, nin the SI, a measurable property of abody or substance where the property has a magnitude ex-pressed as the product of a number and a unit; there are seven,well-defined base quantities (length, time, mass, temperature,amount of substance, electric current
44、 and luminous intensity)from which all other quantities are derived (for example,volume whose SI unit is the cubic metre).3.1.20.1 DiscussionSymbols for quantities must be care-fully defined; are written in italic font, can be upper or lowercase, and can be qualified by adding further information in
45、subscripts, or superscripts, or in parentheses (for example, tfuel= 40 C, where t is used as the symbol for the quantity Celsiustemperature and tfuelis the symbol for the specific quantity fueltemperature). D41753.1.21 reference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for c
46、omparison.3.1.21.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D41753.1.22 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins
47、 and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.23 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment in accordance with the require-ments in the test method, and co
48、nducted in accordance with thespecified operating conditions.3.1.24 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.1.24.1 DiscussionIt can be any oil selected by thelaboratory conducting the test. It could be an experimentalproduct or a commercially available oil. Often it i
49、s an oil thatis a candidate for approval against engine oil specifications(such as manufacturers or military specifications, and soforth). D41753.1.25 test parameter, na specified component, property,or condition of a test procedure.3.1.25.1 DiscussionExamples of components are fuel,lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and sealer; of properties are density,temperature, humidity, pressure, and viscosity; and of condi-tions are flow rate, time, speed, volume, length, and power.D41753.1.26 volume fraction of B, B,nvolume of component Bdivided by t
