1、Designation: E103 12E103 17Standard Practice forRapid Indentation Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers a procedure for rapid indentation hardness testing of metallic materials.1.2 This practice include
3、s additional requirements in AnnexA1 for the direct, indirect, and daily verification of rapid indentationhardness testing machines.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to addr
4、ess all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance
5、 with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
6、ds:2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence o
7、f testing and calibration laboratoriesISO/IEC 17011 Conformity assessment - General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessmentbodies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrationdetermination of the values of the significant parameters by comparison with values indicate
8、d by a referenceinstrument or by a set of reference standards.3.1.2 rapid indentation hardness testan indentation hardness test using calibrated machines to force a tungsten carbide ball,under specified conditions, into the surface of the material under test and to measure the depth of the indentati
9、on. The depthmeasured can be from the surface of the test specimen or from a reference position established by the application of a preliminarytest force. The depth measurement is usually correlated to another scale or Brinell hardness number.3.1.3 verificationchecking or testing to assure conforman
10、ce with the specification.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is used when it is desired to make Brinell type hardness tests very rapidly on a high volume of samples, asin the inspection of the output of a heat-treating furnace.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28
11、on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 on IndentationHardness Testing.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012April 1, 2017. Published March 2012May 2017. Originally published as E 103 84.E103 84. Last previous editionE 103 84 (2002) which was withdrawn in July 20
12、11approved in 2012 as E103 12and reinstated in January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E0103-12. . DOI: 10.1520/E0103-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stand
13、ards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
14、an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
15、to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 This practice requires the measurement of indentation depth and eliminates the
16、 need to measure the diameter of the indentoptically as required in a Brinell hardness test.4.3 This practice is not a standard Brinell hardness test method and does not meet the requirements of Test Method E10.4.4 Since the test forces and method of display of the depth measurement differ between m
17、anufacturers of rapid indentationhardness testing equipment, the test results from equipment from different manufacturers are not comparable.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineEquipment for rapid indentation hardness testing usually consists of a testing machine, which supportsthe test specimen and appl
18、ies an indenting force(s) to a ball in contact with the specimen, and a system for measuring anddisplaying an indication of the depth of the indentation. The test force can be applied either as a single total test force wherebythe depth is measured usually from the surface of the test specimen or as
19、 a preliminary and total test force whereby the depth ismeasured as the increase from the preliminary to the total test force.5.1.1 The testing machine shall meet the requirements of Annex A1.5.1.2 The testing machine shall ensure that the force to the indenter is applied smoothly and without impact
20、 forces that affectthe measurement result. Precautions shall be taken to prevent a momentary high test force caused by the inertia of the system,hydraulic system overshoot, etc.5.1.3 The design and construction of the testing machine shall be such that no rotational or lateral movement of the indent
21、eror test specimen occurs while the test force is being applied or removed.5.1.4 An anvil, or specimen support, should be used that is suitable for the specimen to be tested. The seating and supportingsurfaces of all anvils should be clean and free of foreign material.5.1.5 The indenters used for ra
22、pid indentation testing shall be tungsten carbide balls that meet the requirements defined in TestMethod E10, Annex A3.5.1.6 The mechanism for measuring the depth of the indentation shall conform to the requirements prescribed in A1.3.3. Themethod for determining the depth of the indentation is dete
23、rmined by the manufacturer of the tester.5.1.7 A display or output relative to the indentation depth shall be provided. The display may indicate the full or partial depthor the depth may be converted to another relevant scale. In this case, conversion to a related Brinell hardness number isrecommend
24、ed. When used, the method of conversion from depth to another scale or Brinell hardness numbers is determined bythe manufacturer of the tester.5.1.8 Refer to the Equipment Manufacturers Instruction Manual for a description of the machines characteristics, limitations,and respective operating procedu
25、res.6. Test Specimens6.1 Rapid indentation hardness tests can be made on any test specimen that can be tested using the E10 Brinell Test Method.6.2 FinishWhen necessary, the surface on which the indentation is to be made shall be filed, ground, machined, or polishedwith an abrasive material to allow
26、 accurate depth measurements and to remove any surface conditions (such as decarburization)that may affect the hardness of the sample. Preparation shall be carried out in such a way that any alteration of the hardness ofthe test surface (for example, due to overheating or cold-working) is minimized.
27、 The surface in contact with the test support anvil,when used, should be clean and free of any conditions which may affect the test results.6.3 ThicknessThe thickness of the test specimen shall be at least ten times the depth of the indentation and such that no bulgeor other mark showing the effect
28、of the test force appears on the side of the piece opposite the indentation. See Test Method E10,Table 4 for more information about minimum thickness.7. Procedure7.1 Magnitude of Test ForceThe total test force is usually 3000, 1500, or 500 kgf (29.42, 14.71, or 4.903 kN). The preliminarytest force,
29、if used, is determined by the manufacturer of the tester. The total test force and ball indenter size used should be thesame as the Brinell scale test that is being replaced by the rapid indentation test. When selecting the total test force and ball sizeto use, refer to Test Method E10, Section 7 fo
30、r Brinell hardness testing.7.2 Spacing of IndentationsThe distance from the center of the indentation to the edge of the specimen, or edge of anotherindentation, shall be at least two and one-half times the diameter of the indentation.7.3 Application of the Test Force(s)Bring the indenter into conta
31、ct with the test surface in a direction perpendicular to thesurface without shock, vibration or overshoot. The angle between the indenter force-line and the surface of the specimen shouldbe perpendicular. Apply the test force(s) according to the manufactures instructions.7.4 Depth measurement of the
32、 indentMeasure the depth of the indentation according to the manufacturers instructions. Whenthis practice is used to monitor the hardness of production parts, it is recommended that the displayed depth indication as definedin 5.1.7 be recorded. All recorded data shall reference this practice.E103 1
33、728. Determination of Hardness Limits8.1 Rapid indentation hardness tests are normally used to test specimens in limited Brinell hardness ranges. In order to establishthe limit(s) of acceptable hardness for a given part or piece, test specimens representing the extreme(s) of acceptability should bet
34、ested in the rapid indentation hardness tester that is to be used. The results obtained may be considered the limits of applicationof the rapid indentation test.9. Report9.1 When a report is desired, it is recommended that the following information be reported:9.1.1 The total test force,9.1.2 The di
35、ameter of the ball indenter,9.1.3 The displayed value as defined in 5.1.7, and9.1.4 Reference to this practice.10. Keywords10.1 hardness ; hardness; mechanical test; metals; rapid indentationANNEXA1. VERIFICATION OF RAPID INDENTATION HARDNESS TESTING MACHINESA1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 AnnexA1 specifies three
36、types of procedures for verifying rapid indentation hardness testing machines: direct verification,indirect verification, and daily verification.A1.1.2 Direct verification is a process for verifying that critical components of the hardness testing machine are within allowabletolerances by directly m
37、easuring the test forces and the indentation depth measuring system.A1.1.3 Indirect verification is a process for periodically verifying the performance of the testing machine by means of standardizedtest blocks or samples of known hardness.A1.1.4 The daily verification is a process for monitoring t
38、he performance of the testing machine between indirect verifications bymeans of standardized test blocks or samples of known hardness.NOTE A1.1It may be necessary to refer to the tester manufacturers manual to perform some of the verifications defined in this annex.A1.2 General RequirementsA1.2.1 Th
39、e testing machine shall be verified at specific instances and at periodic intervals as specified in Table A1.1 and whencircumstances occur that may affect the performance of the testing machine.TABLE A1.1 Verification Schedule for a Rapid Indentation Hardness Testing MachineVerification Procedure Sc
40、heduleDirect verificationWhen a testing machine is new, or when adjustments, modifications or repairs aremade that could affect the application of the test forces or the depth measuringsystem.When a testing machine fails an indirect verification.Indirect verificationRecommended every 12 months, or m
41、ore often if neededShall be no longer than every 18 months.When a test machine is installedFollowing a direct verification.Daily verification Required each day that hardness tests are madeRecommended whenever the indenter or test force is changed.E103 173A1.2.2 The temperature at the verification si
42、te shall be measured with an instrument having an accuracy of at least 2.0 C or 3.6F. It is recommended that the temperature be monitored throughout the verification period, and significant temperature variationsbe recorded and reported. The temperature at the verification site does not need to be m
43、easured for a daily verification.A1.2.3 All instruments used to make measurements required by this annex shall be calibrated traceable to national standards whena system of traceability exists.A1.2.4 Indirect verification of the testing machine shall be performed at the location where it will be use
44、d.A1.2.5 Direct verification of newly manufactured or rebuilt testing machines may be performed at the place of manufacture,rebuild, repair or the location of use.NOTE A1.2It is recommended that the calibration agency that is used to conduct the verifications of rapid indentation hardness testing ma
45、chines beaccredited to the requirements of ISO 17025 (or an equivalent) by an accrediting body recognized by the International Laboratory AccreditationCooperation (ILAC) as operating to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17011.A1.3 Direct VerificationA1.3.1 A direct verification of the testing machine shal
46、l be performed at specific instances in accordance with Table A1.1. Thetest forces, indentation depth measuring system, and indenter shall be verified as follows.A1.3.2 Verification of the Test ForcesThe test forces used shall be measured by means of a Class A elastic force measuringinstrument havin
47、g an accuracy of at least 0.25 %, as described in Practice E74.A1.3.2.1 Make three measurements of each force. The forces shall be measured as they are applied during testing; however, longerdwell times are allowed when necessary to enable the measuring device to obtain accurate measurements.A1.3.2.
48、2 Each test force used shall be accurate to within 2 % of the nominal value.A1.3.3 Verification of the Indentation Depth Measuring SystemThe measuring system used to determine the depth of theindentation shall be verified over the working range by comparison with a reference scale, gage blocks or ot
49、her devices accurateto at least 0.005 mm.A1.3.3.1 The depth-measurement system shall correctly indicate the depth of penetration to an accuracy of 60.005 mm.A1.3.4 Verification of the indenterThe tungsten carbide ball shall be in compliance with Test Method E10, Annex A3.A1.4 Indirect VerificationA1.4.1 An indirect verification of the testing machine shall be performed in accordance with the schedule given in Table A1.1.Indirect verifications may be required more frequently than stated in Table A1.1 and should be based on the usage of the testingmac
