ASTM E18-2014 9442 Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials《金属材料洛氏硬度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: E18 14 An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forRockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation E18; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the dete
3、rmination of theRockwell hardness and the Rockwell superficial hardness ofmetallic materials by the Rockwell indentation hardness prin-ciple. This standard provides the requirements for Rockwellhardness machines and the procedures for performing Rock-well hardness tests.1.2 This standard includes ad
4、ditional requirements in an-nexes:Verification of Rockwell Hardness Testing Machines Annex A1Rockwell Hardness Standardizing Machines Annex A2Standardization of Rockwell Indenters Annex A3Standardization of Rockwell Hardness Test Blocks Annex A4Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of aTe
5、st PieceAnnex A5Hardness Value Corrections When Testing on ConvexCylindrical SurfacesAnnex A61.3 This standard includes nonmandatory information inappendixes which relates to the Rockwell hardness test.List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness ValuesCorrespondingto Tensile StrengthAppendix X1Examples o
6、f Procedures for Determining RockwellHardness UncertaintyAppendix X21.4 UnitsAt the time the Rockwell hardness test wasdeveloped, the force levels were specified in units ofkilograms-force (kgf) and the indenter ball diameters werespecified in units of inches (in.). This standard specifies theunits
7、of force and length in the International System of Units(SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in millimeters(mm). However, because of the historical precedent andcontinued common usage, force values in kgf units and balldiameters in inch units are provided for information and muchof the dis
8、cussion in this standard refers to these units.1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verificationprocedures are essentially identical for both the Rockwell andRockwell superficial hardness tests. The significant differencesbetween the two tests are that the test forces are smaller for the
9、Rockwell superficial test than for the Rockwell test. The sametype and size indenters may be used for either test, dependingon the scale being employed. Accordingly, throughout thisstandard, the term Rockwell will imply both Rockwell andRockwell superficial unless stated otherwise.1.6 This standard
10、does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S
11、tandards:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Require-mentsA623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Re-quirements MetricB19 Specification for Cartridge Brass Sheet, Strip, Plate,Bar, and DisksB36/B36M Sp
12、ecification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, AndRolled BarB96/B96M Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Plate,Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar for General Purposes andPressure VesselsB103/B103M Specification for Phosphor Bronze Plate,Sheet, Strip, and Rolled BarB121/B121M Specification for Leaded Brass
13、Plate, Sheet,Strip, and Rolled BarB122/B122M Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy,Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloy (Nickel Silver), and Copper-Nickel Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled BarB130 Specification for Commercial Bronze Strip for BulletJacketsB134/B134M Specification for Brass Wire1These te
14、st methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 onMechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 onIndentation Hardness Testing.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1932. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
15、E18 12. DOI:10.1520/E0018-14.2In this test method, the term Rockwell refers to an internationally recognizedtype of indentation hardness test as defined in Section 3, and not to the hardnesstesting equipment of a particular manufacturer.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
16、m.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
17、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,and Rolled BarB370 Specification for Copper Sheet and Strip for BuildingConstructionE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE92 Tes
18、t Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials(Withdrawn 2010)4E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipAmong Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, RockwellHardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-scope Hardness, and Leeb HardnessE384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers
19、Hardness ofMaterialsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 American Bearings Manufacturer Association Stan-dard:ABMA 10-1989 Metal Balls52.3 ISO Standards:ISO 6508-1 Metallic MaterialsRockwell Hardness TestPart 1: Test Method (scales A, B,
20、 C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N,T)6ISO/IEC 17011 Conformity AssessmentGeneral Require-ments for Accreditation Bodies Accrediting ConformityAssessment Bodies6ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Calibration Laboratories62.4 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard:SAE J41
21、7 Hardness Tests and Hardness Number Conver-sions73. Terminology and Equations3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrationdetermination of the values of the sig-nificant parameters by comparison with values indicated by areference instrument or by a set of reference standards.3.1.2 verificationchecking or test
22、ing to assure confor-mance with the specification.3.1.3 standardizationto bring in conformance to a knownstandard through verification or calibration.3.1.4 Rockwell hardness testan indentation hardness testusing a verified machine to force a diamond spheroconicalindenter or tungsten carbide (or stee
23、l) ball indenter, underspecified conditions, into the surface of the material under test,and to measure the difference in depth of the indentation as theforce on the indenter is increased from a specified preliminarytest force to a specified total test force and then returned to thepreliminary test
24、force.3.1.5 Rockwell superficial hardness testsame as the Rock-well hardness test except that smaller preliminary and total testforces are used with a shorter depth scale.3.1.6 Rockwell hardness numbera number derived fromthe net increase in the depth of indentation as the force on anindenter is inc
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