1、Designation: E72 14Standard Test Methods ofConducting Strength Tests of Panels for BuildingConstruction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E72; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONSound engineering design of structures usi
3、ng existing or new materials requires accurate technicaldata on the strength and rigidity of the basic elements employed in various construction systems. It isthe purpose of these test methods to provide a systematic basis for obtaining engineering data onvarious construction elements and structural
4、 details of value to designers, builders, building officials,and others interested in this field. The results should closely approximate the performance in actualservice.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures fordetermining the structural properties of segments of wall, floor,
5、and roof constructions:SectionTest Specimens 3Loading 4Deformation Measurements 5Reports 6Precision and Accuracy 7TESTING WALLSSignificance and Use 8Compressive Load 9Tensile Load 10Transverse LoadSpecimen Horizontal 11Transverse LoadSpecimen Vertical 12Concentrated Load 13Impact LoadSee Test Method
6、s E695 and E661Racking LoadEvaluation of Sheathing Materialson a Standard Wood Frame14Racking LoadEvaluation of Sheathing Materials (Wet)on a Standard Wood Frame15TESTING FLOORSSignificance and Use 16Transverse Load 17Concentrated Load 18Impact LoadSee Test Methods E695 and E661TESTING ROOFSSectionS
7、ignificance and Use 19Transverse Load 20Concentrated Load 21APPENDIXTechnical Interpretation Appendix X11.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not c
8、onsidered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionSI units are used in Fig. 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
9、D7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application ofHand-Held Moisture MetersE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE564 Practice for Static Load Test for Shear Resistance ofFramed Walls for BuildingsE575 Practice for Reporti
10、ng Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under ConcentratedStatic and Impact Loads1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance o
11、f Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc-tures.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E72 13a. DOI:1
12、0.1520/E0072-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
13、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance ofWall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact LoadingE2126 Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test forShear Resistance of Vertical Elements of the Lateral ForceResisting Syste
14、ms for BuildingsE2309/E2309M Practices for Verification of DisplacementMeasuring Systems and Devices Used in Material TestingMachinesE2322 Test Method for Conducting Transverse and Concen-trated Load Tests on Panels used in Floor and RoofConstruction2.2 Other Document:3NIST Voluntary Product Standar
15、d PS20 American SoftwoodLumber Standard3. Test Specimens3.1 SizeThere shall be at least three specimens for eachtest. Specimens shall be constructed to represent sections of thewall, floor, or roof assembly. The specimens shall be represen-tative as to material and workmanship and shall be of thelar
16、gest practical size to predict structural performance attri-butes of the assembly. Unsymmetrical assemblies shall betested in each axis for which the results may be different.3.2 Length or HeightThe length or height of specimen foreach element shall be chosen to conform to the length or heightof tha
17、t element in actual use.3.3 WidthThe width of specimen shall be chosen, insofaras possible, to include several of the principal load-carryingmembers to ensure that the behavior under load will simulatethat under service conditions. With the exception of specimensfor the racking load test, the nomina
18、l width of wall specimensshall be 4 ft (1.2 m). The actual width of specimens shall be awhole number multiplied by the spacing of the principalload-carrying members except for prefabricated panels, forwhich the actual width shall be the width of panel used. If thestructural properties of a particula
19、r construction are to becompared with another construction, there should not be agreat difference in the actual widths of the specimens.3.4 AgeConstructions, such as concrete and masonry(brick, structural clay tile, concrete block) for which thestructural properties depend upon the age of the specim
20、en,shall be tested not less than 25 days nor more than 31 days afterfabrication. This age requirement applies also to plastered andstuccoed constructions.4. Loading4.1 ApparatusThe testing machine or load-measuring ap-paratus shall comply with the requirements prescribed inPractices E4.4.2 Applicati
21、on of LoadApply the load to all of thespecimens in any test in increments so chosen that a sufficientnumber of readings will be obtained to determine definitely theload-deformation curve (see Section 6). Record the initialreading of the load and the reading of the deformation, eitherwith no load on
22、the specimen or under a small initial load.Increase the load to the first increment and record the defor-mation. Unless otherwise specified, decrease the load to theinitial load and record the set (sometimes designated “perma-nent set”). Increase the load to two increments and record theset, when it
23、 is released to the initial load. Follow this sequenceof readings for three increments, four increments, and so forth,of load. When for each specimen the behavior of the specimenunder load indicates that the specimen might fail suddenly anddamage the deformation-measuring apparatus, remove thisappar
24、atus from the specimen and increase the load continu-ously until the maximum load that can be applied to thespecimen is determined.4.3 Duration of Load ApplicationExcept for racking tests,after each increment of load is applied, maintain the load levelas constant as possible for a period of 5 min (s
25、ee Note 1). Takedeformation readings as soon as practical after loadapplication, at the end of the 5-min period under constant load,and immediately and at the end of the 5-min period after anypartial or complete load release. Plot initial and 5-min readingsin the form of load-deformation curves. Mai
26、ntain completeload-deformation-time records throughout the test. If applica-tion of a given load is required for a certain period, such as 24h, take deformation readings at the beginning, at intervalsduring this period, and at the end of this period, to allow thesatisfactory plotting of a time-defor
27、mation curve for thecomplete period.NOTE 1Reasons for the 5-min application of constant-level incrementloads are as follows:(1) To permit the assembly to come to a substantial rest prior to takingthe second set of readings (Depending on the method employed forapplying the test load, it may be necess
28、ary to continue, at a reduced rate,the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant loadlevel during the 5-min period.)(2) To provide sufficient time for making all observations. (Longer timeintervals may be required under certain conditions.)(3) To observe any time-dependent defor
29、mation or load redistribution,or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependentdeformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayedload-deformation curves. This load level may, under certain conditions,have an important bearing on the design load.(4) To be a
30、ble to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to totalfailure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of theobservations.(5) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in testresults.5. Deformation Measurements5.1 Measure the deformations with sufficient prec
31、ision todefine the load-deformation relationship, and report at least tothe nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm). The deformation-measuringapparatus specified for any loading may be replaced by otherapparatus, provided that it permits readings of deformation thatare equivalent in accuracy to those from the sp
32、ecified appara-tus.6. Reports6.1 Show the results of each of the tests graphically, asillustrated in Fig. 1. Plot loads as ordinates and the deforma-tions as abscissas for all tests. There shall be at least threespecimens for each test, and the results for each test shall be3Available from National
33、Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.E72142shown on the same graph. Show the points for deformationunder load by open circles and those for set by solid circles.Average the three values for either the deformation or t
34、he setand plot this average value in pencil on the graph. Draw asmooth curve among the average points to show the averagebehavior of the construction. The load-deformation curvesshall be continuous lines and the load-set curves shall bedashed lines. Although the particular specimen for each pointon
35、the graph is not designated, record it on the laboratory datasheets. If readings are obtained under greater loads for somespecimens than for others, plot all the values, but draw thecurves only to the average values for which there are threevalues.6.2 Prepare the test report in accordance with Pract
36、ice E575.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made either on the precision or on thebias of these test methods due to the variety of materials andcombinations of materials involved.TESTING WALLS8. Significance and Use8.1 The procedures described are those that will test thebehavior of segments o
37、f wall construction under conditionsrepresentative of those encountered in service. Performancecriteria based on data from those procedures can ensurestructural adequacy and service life.9. Compressive Load9.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on three likespecimens, each having a height equal to th
38、e length of theelement and a nominal width of 4 ft (1.2 m) (see Section 3).9.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be assembled as shownin Fig. 2 and shall conform to the detailed requirements forcomponent parts prescribed in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2, or the equiva-lent.9.2.1 CompressometerA bracket shall be attach
39、ed to thespecimen near the upper end, supporting a metal rod.Abracketshall also be attached to the specimen near its lower end,supporting a deflectionmeasuring device with the spindle upand the gage length shall be recorded. The conical end of therod shall seat in a hole in the end of the spindle an
40、d the rod andspindle shall be held in contact by stretched rubber bands. Thedeflectionmeasuring device shall be graduated to 0.001 in.(0.025 mm) or less.9.2.2 DeflectometerA fine wire shall be attached to aclamp near the upper end of the specimen. The free endconnected to stretched rubber bands shal
41、l be attached to aclamp near the lower end of the specimen. A mirror having aFIG. 1 Typical Graph Showing ResultsFIG. 2 Compressive Load Test on Wall SpecimenE72143paper scale one-half the width of the mirror shall be attachedhorizontally to the edge of the specimen at midheight. Thescale shall be g
42、raduated to 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) or less.9.3 Procedure:9.3.1 LoadingTest the specimen as a column having a flatend at the bottom (Fig. 2). Apply compressive loads to a steelplate covering the upper end of the specimen. Apply the loaduniformly along a line parallel to the inside face, and one-thirdthe th
43、ickness of the specimen from the inside face. For woodconstruction, a rate of loading corresponding to a movement ofthe testing machine crosshead of nominally 0.03 in./min (0.8mm/min) has been found satisfactory.9.3.2 Load-Deformation DataAttach four compressom-eters to the faces of the specimen, on
44、e near each corner of thespecimen as shown in Fig. 2, to measure the shortening of thespecimen. Record the readings to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025mm).9.3.3 Lateral DeflectionAttach two deflectometers, one toeach edge of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 2. Record thereadings, when the image of the wir
45、e coincides with the wire,to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).9.4 Calculations and Report:9.4.1 DeformationFor each compressometer, calculate theshortening under each load as the difference between thereading of the compressometer when the load is applied and theinitial reading. Calculate the shorteni
46、ng of the specimen as theaverage of the shortenings for each of the four compressom-eters multiplied by the ratio: specimen length divided by thecompressometer gage length. Obtain the sets in a similarmanner.9.4.2 Lateral DeflectionCalculate the lateral deflectionand the lateral set under each load
47、for each deflectometer as thedifference between the reading of the deflectometer when theload is applied and the initial reading. Calculate the lateraldeflection and lateral set for the specimen as the average of thelateral deflection and lateral set of the two deflectometers.9.4.3 Data Presentation
48、Record the maximum load foreach specimen and report the results of load-deformation andload-deflection measurements in the form of a graph inaccordance with Section 6. Report gage lengths of all deflec-tion or deformation gages.10. Tensile Load10.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on three likespec
49、imens, each having a height equal to the length of theelement and a nominal width of 4 ft (1.2 m) (see Section 3).10.2 ApparatusThe apparatus preferably shall be as-sembled in a vertical testing machine and shall conform to thedetailed requirements for component parts prescribed in 9.2.1and 9.2.2, or the equivalent, with the exception that thecompressometers prescribed in 9.2.1 shall be replaced byextensometers which shall be like the compressometers but soadjusted before load is applied that the stretch of the specimencan be measured.10.3 Procedure:10.
