1、Designation: E 1602 03Standard Guide forConstruction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the design and construction of solidfuel burning masonry heaters. It provides dimensions for siteconstructed masonry he
3、ater components and clearances thathave been derived by experience and found to be consistentwith the safe installation of those masonry heaters.1.2 Values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard.Inch/pound units may be rounded (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).Alldimensions are nominal unless specific
4、ally stated otherwise.All clearances listed in this guide are actual dimensions.1.3 This guide applies to the design and construction ofmasonry heaters built on-site with the components and mate-rials specified herein. It does not apply to the construction/installation requirements for component sys
5、tems that havebeen safety tested and listed. The requirements for listedmasonry heater systems are specified in the manufacturersinstallation instructions.1.4 The design and construction of solid fuel burningmasonry heaters shall comply with applicable building codes.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
6、Standards:2C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Build-ing Materials and SystemsC43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC71 Terminology Relating to RefractoriesC 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry,C 401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-SilicateCastable RefractoriesE 136 T
7、est Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 UL Standards:UL 103 Chimneys, Factory Built Residential Type andBuilding Heating Appliances33. Terminology3.1 Terms used in thi
8、s guide are as defined in TerminologyC11, Definitions C43, Terminology C71, and ClassificationC 401.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 approvedacceptable to the authority having jurisdic-tion.3.2.2 authority having jurisdictionthe organization, of-fice, individual, or agent the
9、reof, who is responsible forapproving construction, materials, equipment, installation, pro-cedure, and so forth. In most cases in which a building permitis required, the authority is typically the building official or hisagent. Where a building permit is not required, the authority istypically the
10、owner or his agent.3.2.3 bypass dampera valve or plate that provides a directpath to the chimney flue for the flue gases or portion thereof.3.2.4 capping slaba horizontal refractory barrier coveringthe top of the masonry heater.3.2.5 cleanout openingan access opening in a flue pas-sageway of the mas
11、onry heater or chimney that is designed toallow access to the flue for purposes of inspecting for andremoval of ash, soot, and other extraneous matter that maybecome trapped.3.2.6 damperan adjustable valve or plate for controllingdraft or the flow of gases, including air.3.2.7 firebox (firechamber)t
12、hat portion of the masonryheater that is designed for containing and burning the fuelcharge.3.2.8 gas slota small fixed opening that provides a bypassfor unburned flue gases, and is a critical safety feature incertain masonry heater designs (namely those of the Grundofentype with vertical flue runs)
13、 (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig.6).3.2.9 hearth extensionthe noncombustible surfacing ap-plied to the floor area extending in front of and beyond eachside of the fuel loading door of the masonry heater; also applies1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Bu
14、ildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid FuelBurning Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003.Originallypublished as E 1602 94. Last previous edition E 1602 94.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orc
15、ontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook,IL 60062.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
16、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E1602032E1602033to the floor beneath a masonry heater or beneath an elevatedoverhanging masonry heater hearth.3.2.10 masonry heater basethat portion of the support forthe masonry heater, between the masonry heater and thefoundation, tha
17、t is below the firebox or the heat exchangeareas.3.2.11 heat-exchange flue channela chamber or passage-way between the firebox and the chimney flue in which heatresulting directly from combustion of fuel is transferred to thesurrounding masonry.3.2.12 kachela European term used to describe a masonry
18、heater tile; a refractory ceramic tile intended for the outer wallof a masonry heater that is designed specifically to store andtransfer heat.3.2.13 listedequipment or materials included in a listpublished by an organization concerned with product evalua-tion acceptable to the authority having juris
19、diction to conductperiodic inspection of production of listed equipment ormaterials and whole listing states either that the equipment ormaterials meet appropriate standards or have been tested andfound suitable for use in a specified manner.3.2.14 masonry heatera vented heating system of pre-domina
20、ntly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800kg (1760 lbs), excluding the chimney and masonry heater base.In particular, a masonry heater is designed specifically tocapture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy froma solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater throughint
21、ernal heat exchange flue channels, enable a charge of solidfuel mixed with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly andmore completely at high temperatures in order to reduceemission of unburned hydrocarbons, and be constructed ofsufficient mass and surface area such that under normaloperating cond
22、itions, the external surface temperature of theE1602034masonry heater (except in the region immediately surroundingthe fuel loading door(s), does not exceed 110C (230F).3.2.15 mortar, masonrya mixture of cementitious materi-als (consisting of Portland or blended cement and hydratedlime, masonry ceme
23、nt, masonry cement and Portland cement,or masonry cement and blended cement), fine aggregate, andsufficient water to produce a workable consistency (see Speci-fication C 270).3.2.16 mortar, fire claymortar consisting of fine aggregateand fire clay as a binding agent.3.2.17 mortar, soapstone refracto
24、rya mixture of pow-dered soapstone and sodium silicate.3.2.18 noncombustible materiala material that, in theform in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated,does not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flam-mable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials reportedNOTEClea
25、rances form combustible walls or framing may be reduced with an engineered protection system, other than in front of fuel-loading doors.FIG. 4 Clearances to Combustibles(1) 100 mm (4 in.) to combustible framing from masonry heater.(2) 200 mm (8 in.) to ceiling.(3) 200 mm (8 in.) minimum extent of si
26、de wall heat shield abovefirebox door.(4) 300 mm (12 in.) hearth extension (sides).(5) 500 mm (20 in.) hearth extension (front).(6) 1200 mm (48 in.) in front of fuel-loading doors to combustibleframing.(7) extent of mandatory heat shield in front of masonry heater; re-quired only when clearance to c
27、ombustible material from fuel load-ing door (8) + (9) is less than 1200 mm (48 in.).(8) 100 mm (4 in.) minimum clearance from side wall of masonryheater to heat shield (if used) or combustible framing.(9) distance from fuel-loading doors to side wall of masonry heater.(7) + (8) + (9) The sum of thes
28、e must be greater than or equal to1200 mm (48 in.).E1602035as passing the requirements of Test Method E 136 are, for thepurpose of this guide, considered noncombustible.3.2.19 soapstonea variety of natural stone (hydrated silicaof magnesium) that is suitable for high-temperature applica-tions in mas
29、onry heaters.3.2.20 wing walla noncombustible lateral projection fromthe exterior wall of a masonry heater for use in bridging thespace between a masonry heater and a combustible partitionwall.E16020364. Significance and Use4.1 This guide can be used by code officials, architects, andother intereste
30、d parties to evaluate the design and constructionof masonry heaters. It is not restricted to a specific method ofconstruction, nor does it provide all specific details of con-struction of a masonry heater. This guide does provide theprinciples to be followed for the safe construction of masonryheate
31、rs.4.2 This guide is not intended as a complete set of directionsfor construction of masonry heaters.4.3 Construction of masonry heaters is complex, and inorder to ensure their safety and performance, construction shallbe done by or under the supervision of a skilled and experi-enced masonry heater
32、builder.45. Requirements5.1 FoundationMasonry heater foundations and founda-tion walls shall meet local building codes for standard masonryfireplaces and shall be designed with consideration given to themass and size of the masonry heater.5.2 Clearance from CombustiblesClearances shall be inconforma
33、nce with this section, as illustrated in Fig. 4.4The Masonry Heater Association of North America, 1252 Stock Farm Road,Randolph, VT 05060, web site: http:/www.mha-net.org, is one organization thatrepresents a body of knowledge on masonry heater construction and qualifiedbuilders.The Masonry Products
34、 Caucus of the Hearth ProductsAssociation, 1601 N. KentStreet, Suite 1001, Arlington, VA 22209, web site: http:/www.hearthassoc.org, isanother organization that represents both manufacturers and qualified builders ofmasonry heaters.E16020375.2.1 Clearance from FoundationAll combustible struc-tural f
35、raming members shall have a clearance of not less than50 mm (2 in.) from the masonry heater foundation.5.2.2 Clearance from Fuel-Loading DoorMaintain aminimum clearance of 1200 mm (48 in.) from combustiblematerials to fuel-loading doors, unless an engineered protec-tion system as specified in 5.2.2.
36、1 is provided, except forclearance directly in front of fuel-loading doors. A minimumclearance of 1200 mm (48 in.) shall be maintained in front offuel-loading doors. This dimension shall not be reduced for anyreason.5.2.2.1 Clearance from fuel-loading doors to combustiblematerials may be reduced, ot
37、her than in front of fuel-loadingdoors, if the combustible material is protected by an engineeredprotection system acceptable to the authority having jurisdic-tion. Engineered systems installed for the protection of com-bustible material shall limit the temperature of the combustiblematerial to 50C
38、(90F) above ambient temperature. Systemsshall be designed upon applicable heat transfer principles,taking into account the geometry of the system, the heat losscharacteristics of the structure behind the combustible material,and possible abnormal operating conditions of the masonryheater.5.2.2.1.1 W
39、hen an engineered protection system is used toreduce the perpendicular clearance from fuel-loading doors, itmust extend a minimum of 200 mm (8 in.) above thefuel-loading doors or firebox opening. In addition, the sum ofthe dimensions from the fuel-loading doors, the distance fromthe heater to combus
40、tible material, and the length of theprotection system in front of the heater face shall be no lessthan 1200 mm (48 in.).5.2.3 Clearance from Rear, Side, and Front WallsClearance from a masonry heater to combustible structuralframing and other combustible materials shall be not less than100 mm (4 in
41、.), unless an engineered protection system isprovided, or a protection system accepted by the authorityhaving jurisdiction is provided.5.2.3.1 Clearance from a masonry heater to combustiblematerials may be reduced by the use of materials or productslisted for protection purposes. Materials and produ
42、cts listed forthe purpose of reducing clearance to combustibles shall beinstalled in accordance with the conditions of the listing andthe manufacturers instructions and shall meet the criteria ofSection 5.2.2.1.5.2.4 Clearance from the CeilingThe clearance from themasonry heater capping slab to the
43、ceiling shall be a minimumof 200 mm (8 in.).5.2.4.1 Extensions of Exterior Wythes to CeilingWhenexterior masonry wythes of the masonry heater are carried tothe ceiling, insulate and vent the top of the masonry heaterabove the heat exchange channels to reduce possible static heatbuildup.5.2.5 Wing Wa
44、llsWing walls may be added to a masonryheater and used as room partitions. Wing walls located at thecorners of a masonry heater for the purpose of forming a roomdivider shall be a minimum of 100 mm (4 in.) in length and amaximum of 100 mm (4 in.) in thickness and be constructedwith noncombustible ma
45、terials. Wing walls located more than200 mm (8 in.) from a corner of the masonry heater shall be aminimum of 200 mm (8 in.) in length and a maximum of 100mm (4 in.) in thickness and be constructed with noncombus-tible materials.5.3 Firebox FloorThe firebox floor shall be a minimumthickness of 100 mm
46、 (4 in.) of noncombustible material and atleast the top 50 mm (2 in.) shall be refractory material. Thefirebox floor or a portion thereof may also contain a cast irongrating.5.4 Hearth Extension:5.4.1 Masonry heaters shall have hearth extensions of brick,concrete, stone, tile, or other approved nonc
47、ombustible mate-rial properly supported. Remove wooden forms used during theconstruction of hearth and hearth extension once constructionis completed.5.4.2 Closed Door FireboxesWith a masonry heater de-signed to be fired with a closed door of glass or metal, thehearth extension shall be at least 500
48、 mm (20 in.) in front of thefacing materials and at least 300 mm (12 in.) beyond each sideof the masonry heater opening. When a raised hearth of at least200 mm (8 in.) in height is used and the hearth extension islocated at the base of the door, the hearth extension can bereduced to 400 mm (16 in.)
49、in front of the facing materials.5.4.3 Open Fireboxes:5.4.3.1 Where the firebox opening is less than 0.6 m2(6 ft2),the hearth extension shall extend at least 400 mm (16 in.) infront of the facing materials and at least 200 mm (8 in.) beyondeach side of the firebox opening.5.4.3.2 Where the firebox opening is 0.6 m2(6 ft2) or larger,the hearth extension shall extend at least 500 mm (20 in.) infront of the facing materials and at least 300 mm (12 in.)beyond each side of the firebox opening.5.4.4 Where a firebox opening overhangs a floor
