1、Designation: E1602 03 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Guide forConstruction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the design and construction of solidfuel burning masonry heaters. It provides dimensions for siteconstru
3、cted masonry heater components and clearances thathave been derived by experience and found to be consistentwith the safe installation of those masonry heaters.1.2 Values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard.Inch/pound units may be rounded (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).Alldimensions are nominal
4、unless specifically stated otherwise.All clearances listed in this guide are actual dimensions.1.3 This guide applies to the design and construction ofmasonry heaters built on-site with the components and mate-rials specified herein. It does not apply to the construction/installation requirements fo
5、r component systems that havebeen safety tested and listed. The requirements for listedmasonry heater systems are specified in the manufacturersinstallation instructions.1.4 The design and construction of solid fuel burningmasonry heaters shall comply with applicable building codes.1.5 This internat
6、ional standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Comm
7、ittee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related BuildingMaterials and SystemsC43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products (Withdrawn2009)3C71 Terminology Relating to RefractoriesC270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC401 Classification of Alumin
8、a and Alumina-SilicateCastable RefractoriesE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 UL Standard:4UL 103 Chimneys, Factory Built Residential Type andBuilding Heati
9、ng Appliances3. Terminology3.1 Terms used in this guide are as defined in TerminologyC11, Definitions C43, Terminology C71, and ClassificationC401.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 approvedacceptable to the authority having jurisdic-tion.3.2.2 authority having jurisdictionthe
10、organization, office,individual, or agent thereof, who is responsible for approvingconstruction, materials, equipment, installation, procedure, andso forth. In most cases in which a building permit is required,the authority is typically the building official or his agent.Where a building permit is n
11、ot required, the authority istypically the owner or his agent.3.2.3 bypass dampera valve or plate that provides a directpath to the chimney flue for the flue gases or portion thereof.3.2.4 capping slaba horizontal refractory barrier coveringthe top of the masonry heater.3.2.5 cleanout openingan acce
12、ss opening in a flue pas-sageway of the masonry heater or chimney that is designed toallow access to the flue for purposes of inspecting for andremoval of ash, soot, and other extraneous matter that maybecome trapped.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildi
13、ngs and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid FuelBurning Appliances.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1602 03(2010)1.DOI: 10.1520/E1602-03R17.2For referenced ASTM standards,
14、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Availab
15、le from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,Northbrook, IL 60062, http:/.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles o
16、n standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.6 damperan adjustable valve or plate for controllingdraft or the flow of gases
17、, including air.3.2.7 firebox (firechamber)that portion of the masonryheater that is designed for containing and burning the fuelcharge.3.2.8 gas slota small fixed opening that provides a bypassfor unburned flue gases, and is a critical safety feature incertain masonry heater designs (namely those o
18、f the Grundofentype with vertical flue runs) (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig.6).3.2.9 hearth extensionthe noncombustible surfacing ap-plied to the floor area extending in front of and beyond eachside of the fuel loading door of the masonry heater; also appliesto the floor beneath a masonry heat
19、er or beneath an elevatedoverhanging masonry heater hearth.3.2.10 heat-exchange flue channela chamber or passage-way between the firebox and the chimney flue in which heatresulting directly from combustion of fuel is transferred to thesurrounding masonry.3.2.11 kachela European term used to describe
20、 a masonryheater tile; a refractory ceramic tile intended for the outer wallof a masonry heater that is designed specifically to store andtransfer heat.3.2.12 listedequipment or materials included in a listpublished by an organization concerned with product evalua-tion acceptable to the authority ha
21、ving jurisdiction to conductperiodic inspection of production of listed equipment ormaterials and whole listing states either that the equipment ormaterials meet appropriate standards or have been tested andfound suitable for use in a specified manner.3.2.13 masonry heatera vented heating system of
22、pre-dominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least800 kg (1760 lb), excluding the chimney and masonry heaterbase. In particular, a masonry heater is designed specifically tocapture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy froma solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater t
23、hroughinternal heat exchange flue channels, enable a charge of solidfuel mixed with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly andmore completely at high temperatures in order to reduceemission of unburned hydrocarbons, and be constructed ofsufficient mass and surface area such that under normalopera
24、ting conditions, the external surface temperature of themasonry heater (except in the region immediately surroundingthe fuel loading door(s), does not exceed 110 C (230 F).3.2.14 masonry heater basethat portion of the support forthe masonry heater, between the masonry heater and thefoundation, that
25、is below the firebox or the heat exchangeareas.3.2.15 mortar, fire claymortar consisting of fine aggregateand fire clay as a binding agent.3.2.16 mortar, masonrya mixture of cementitious materi-als (consisting of Portland or blended cement and hydratedlime, masonry cement, masonry cement and Portlan
26、d cement,or masonry cement and blended cement), fine aggregate, andsufficient water to produce a workable consistency (see Speci-fication C270).3.2.17 mortar, soapstone refractorya mixture of powderedsoapstone and sodium silicate.3.2.18 noncombustible materiala material that, in theform in which it
27、is used and under the conditions anticipated,does not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flam-mable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials reportedas passing the requirements of Test Method E136 are, for thepurpose of this guide, considered noncombustible.3.2.19 soapstonea variet
28、y of natural stone (hydrated silicaof magnesium) that is suitable for high-temperature applica-tions in masonry heaters.3.2.20 wing walla noncombustible lateral projection fromthe exterior wall of a masonry heater for use in bridging thespace between a masonry heater and a combustible partitionwall.
29、4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide can be used by code officials, architects, andother interested parties to evaluate the design and constructionof masonry heaters. It is not restricted to a specific method ofconstruction, nor does it provide all specific details of con-struction of a masonry hea
30、ter. This guide does provide theprinciples to be followed for the safe construction of masonryheaters.4.2 This guide is not intended as a complete set of directionsfor construction of masonry heaters.4.3 Construction of masonry heaters is complex, and inorder to ensure their safety and performance,
31、construction shallbe done by or under the supervision of a skilled and experi-enced masonry heater builder.55. Requirements5.1 FoundationMasonry heater foundations and founda-tion walls shall meet local building codes for standard masonryfireplaces and shall be designed with consideration given to t
32、hemass and size of the masonry heater.5.2 Clearance from CombustiblesClearances shall be inconformance with this section, as illustrated in Fig. 4.5.2.1 Clearance from FoundationAll combustible struc-tural framing members shall have a clearance of not less than50 mm (2 in.) from the masonry heater f
33、oundation.5.2.2 Clearance from Fuel-Loading DoorMaintain aminimum clearance of 1200 mm (48 in.) from combustiblematerials to fuel-loading doors, unless an engineered protec-tion system as specified in 5.2.2.1 is provided, except forclearance directly in front of fuel-loading doors. A minimumclearanc
34、e of 1200 mm (48 in.) shall be maintained in front offuel-loading doors. This dimension shall not be reduced for anyreason.5Organizations that represent a body of knowledge on masonry heater construc-tion and qualified builders include: The Masonry Heater Association of NorthAmerica, 2180 S. Flying
35、Q Lane Tucson, AZ 85731, Richard (Dick) Smith,Executive Director, execdirmha-net.org or (e-mail),520-883-0191 (phone), www.mha-net,org; The Alliance of Masonry Heater andOven Professionals, www.masonryheaters.org, Ken Matesz, Secretary, (e-mail); and Masonry Heater Caucus, Hearth, Patio andBarbecue
36、 Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Suite 600, Arlington, Va. 22209,703-522-0086 (phone), 703-522-0548 (fax).E1602 03 (2017)2FIG. 1 Vertical Channel Masonry Heater (Russian)E1602 03 (2017)3FIG. 2 Horizontal Channel Masonry Heater (Russian)E1602 03 (2017)45.2.2.1 Clearance from fuel-loading doors
37、to combustiblematerials may be reduced, other than in front of fuel-loadingdoors, if the combustible material is protected by an engineeredprotection system acceptable to the authority having jurisdic-tion. Engineered systems installed for the protection of com-bustible material shall limit the temp
38、erature of the combustiblematerial to 50 C (90 F) above ambient temperature. Systemsshall be designed upon applicable heat transfer principles,taking into account the geometry of the system, the heat losscharacteristics of the structure behind the combustible material,and possible abnormal operating
39、 conditions of the masonryheater.(a) When an engineered protection system is used toreduce the perpendicular clearance from fuel-loading doors, itmust extend a minimum of 200 mm (8 in.) above thefuel-loading doors or firebox opening. In addition, the sum ofthe dimensions from the fuel-loading doors,
40、 the distance fromthe heater to combustible material, and the length of theprotection system in front of the heater face shall be no lessthan 1200 mm (48 in.).5.2.3 Clearance from Rear, Side, and Front WallsClearance from a masonry heater to combustible structuralframing and other combustible materi
41、als shall be not less than100 mm (4 in.), unless an engineered protection system isprovided, or a protection system accepted by the authorityhaving jurisdiction is provided.5.2.3.1 Clearance from a masonry heater to combustiblematerials may be reduced by the use of materials or productslisted for pr
42、otection purposes. Materials and products listed forthe purpose of reducing clearance to combustibles shall beinstalled in accordance with the conditions of the listing andthe manufacturers instructions and shall meet the criteria ofSection 5.2.2.1.FIG. 3 Combination Vertical and Horizontal Channel
43、Masonry Heater (German)E1602 03 (2017)55.2.4 Clearance from the CeilingThe clearance from themasonry heater capping slab to the ceiling shall be a minimumof 200 mm (8 in.).5.2.4.1 Extensions of Exterior Wythes to CeilingWhenexterior masonry wythes of the masonry heater are carried tothe ceiling, ins
44、ulate and vent the top of the masonry heaterabove the heat exchange channels to reduce possible static heatbuildup.5.2.5 Wing WallsWing walls may be added to a masonryheater and used as room partitions. Wing walls located at thecorners of a masonry heater for the purpose of forming a roomdivider sha
45、ll be a minimum of 100 mm (4 in.) in length and amaximum of 100 mm (4 in.) in thickness and be constructedwith noncombustible materials. Wing walls located more than200 mm (8 in.) from a corner of the masonry heater shall be aNOTE 1Clearances form combustible walls or framing may be reduced with an
46、engineered protection system, other than in front of fuel-loading doors.FIG. 4 Clearances to Combustibles(1) 100 mm (4 in.) to combustible framing from masonry heater.(2) 200 mm (8 in.) to ceiling.(3) 200 mm (8 in.) minimum extent of side wall heat shield abovefirebox door.(4) 300 mm (12 in.) hearth
47、 extension (sides).(5) 500 mm (20 in.) hearth extension (front).(6) 1200 mm (48 in.) in front of fuel-loading doors to combustibleframing.(7) extent of mandatory heat shield in front of masonry heater; re-quired only when clearance to combustible material from fuel loadingdoor (8) + (9) is less than
48、 1200 mm (48 in.).(8) 100 mm (4 in.) minimum clearance from side wall of masonryheater to heat shield (if used) or combustible framing.(9) distance from fuel-loading doors to side wall of masonry heater.(7) + (8) + (9) The sum of these must be greater than or equal to1200 mm (48 in.).E1602 03 (2017)
49、6FIG. 5 Contraflow Masonry Heater (Finnish)E1602 03 (2017)7minimum of 200 mm (8 in.) in length and a maximum of100 mm (4 in.) in thickness and be constructed with noncom-bustible materials.5.3 Firebox FloorThe firebox floor shall be a minimumthickness of 100 mm (4 in.) of noncombustible material and atleast the top 50 mm (2 in.) shall be refractory material. Thefirebox floor or a portion thereof may also contain a cast irongrating.5.4 Hearth Extension:5.4.1 Masonry heaters shall
