1、Designation: E2952 14Standard Specification forAir-Purifying Respiratory Protective Smoke Escape Devices(RPED)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2952; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements forthe design, performance, testing, and certification of air-purify
3、ing respiratory protective smoke escape devices for theimmediate emergency evacuation without entry/re-entry ofadult civilians.1.2 The purpose of this specification shall be to provideminimum requirements for respiratory protective escape de-vices that provide limited protection for 15 min for adult
4、civilian escape from the by-products of fire, including particu-late matter, carbon monoxide, other toxic gases, and the effectsof radiant heat.1.3 The requirements of this specification specify an air-purifying respiratory protective escape device with alaboratory-tested 15-min service life intende
5、d to provide head,eye, and respiratory protection from particulate matter,irritants, and toxic gases and vapors commonly produced byfire.1.4 Controlled laboratory tests that are used to determinecompliance with the performance requirements of this specifi-cation shall not be deemed as establishing p
6、erformance levelsfor all situations to which individuals can be exposed.1.5 This specification shall not apply to the requirements forprovision, installation, or use of air-purifying respiratory pro-tective smoke escape devices.1.6 This specification shall not apply to respiratory protec-tive escape
7、 devices intended for use in circumstances in whichan oxygen deficiency (oxygen less than 19.5 % by volume)exists or might exist.1.7 This specification is not intended to be used as a detailedmanufacturing or purchase specification, but shall be permittedto be referenced as a minimum requirement in
8、purchasespecifications.1.8 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi
9、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparen
10、t PlasticsD4101 Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extru-sion Materials2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO/IEC Guide 65 General Requirements for Bodies Oper-ating Product Certification SystemsISO 9001 Quality SystemsModel for QualityAssurance inDesign, Development, Production, Installation, and Ser-vi
11、cingISO 9002 Quality SystemsModel for QualityAssurance inProduction, Installation, and Servicing.2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 1981 Standard on Open-Circuit Self-ContainedBreathing Apparatus for the Fire Service3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-purifying respiratory protective smoke escapedevice, RP
12、ED, nair-purifying respirator used to protect aperson while escaping from a fire by removing certain con-taminants of fire-generated products of combustion from theinhaled air.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct respo
13、nsibility of SubcommitteeE54.04 on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. DOI: 10.1520/E2952-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
14、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association
15、 (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 accessory, nitem that may be provided with anRPED that does not affect its ability to meet the requirementsof
16、 this specification.3.1.3 approved, adjacceptable to the authority havingjurisdiction.3.1.4 authority having jurisdiction, norganization, office,or individual responsible for approving any equipment, aninstallation, or a procedure.3.1.5 basic plane, nplane through the centers of theexternal ear open
17、ings and the lower edges of the eye sockets.3.1.6 certification/certify, n/adjsystem whereby an orga-nization determines that a manufacturer has demonstrated theability to produce a product that complies with the require-ments of this specification, authorizes the manufacturer to usea label on liste
18、d products that comply with the requirements ofthis specification, and establishes a follow-up program con-ducted by the organization as a check on the methods themanufacturer uses to determine continued compliance oflabeled and listed products with the requirements of thisspecification.3.1.7 certif
19、ication organization, nindependent third-partyorganization that determines product compliance with therequirements of this specification with a labeling/listing/follow-up program.3.1.8 civilians, npersons who are members of the generalpublic and who are not fire service or law enforcementpersonnel,
20、or other emergency services personnel performingtheir official duties during emergency incident operations.3.1.9 compliance/compliant, n/adjmeeting or exceedingall applicable requirements of this specification.3.1.10 donning time, ntime for equipment in hand to beplaced over the head of the wearer a
21、nd become functional. Thistime shall include the removal of an operational packaging.3.1.11 follow-up program, nsampling, inspections, tests,or other measures conducted by the certification organizationon a periodic basis to determine the continued compliance oflisted products that are being produce
22、d by the manufacturer tothe requirements of this specification.3.1.12 gas, nfluid that has neither independent shape norvolume and tends to expand indefinitely.3.1.13 haze, npercent of incident light that is not trans-mitted in a straight line through the lens but forward scattered,greater than 2.5
23、diverging.3.1.14 identical respiratory protective escape device,nRPED that is produced to the same engineering andmanufacturing specifications.3.1.15 labeled, adjequipment or material to which hasbeen attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of anorganization that is acceptable to the aut
24、hority having jurisdic-tion and concerned with product evaluation, that maintainsperiodic inspection of production of labeled equipment ormaterials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicatescompliance with appropriate standards or performance in aspecified manner.3.1.16 light transmission, nr
25、atio of the luminous (approxi-mately 380- through 760-mm) radiant power transmitted by anobject to the incident luminous radiant power.3.1.17 listed, adjequipment, materials, or services in-cluded in a list published by the certification organization.3.1.18 melt, vto change from solid to liquid or b
26、ecomeconsumed by action of heat in a manner that could injure theuser.3.1.19 model, nterm used to identify an RPED, includingall variants to its design.3.1.20 product label, nmarking affixed to the RPED bythe manufacturer containing general information, warnings,care, maintenance, or similar data.3.
27、1.20.1 DiscussionThis product label is not the certifica-tion organizations label, symbol, or identifying mark;however, the certification organizations label, symbol, oridentifying mark may be attached to it or be part of it. Seelabeled.3.1.21 ready-to-use configuration, nRPED in its finalpackaging
28、state before use that, immediately upon opening orremoving this operational package, allows the user to don theRPED.3.1.22 RPED, na “short hand” acronym for Air-PurifyingRespiratory Protective Smoke Escape Device.3.1.23 service life, nthe manufacturer-declared durationof protection provided by the R
29、PED for escape once theoperational packaging is opened or removed from an RPED ina ready-to-use configuration.3.1.24 shall, vindicates a mandatory requirement.3.1.25 shelf life, nduration that an RPED can be storedunder proper conditions in its ready-to-use configuration andremain suitable for use.4
30、. Performance Requirements4.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) InhalationRPED shall betested for CO2levels in the inspired air stream as specified in7.1 and shall not contain CO2concentration levels that exceed2.5 %.4.2 DonningRPED shall be tested for donning ability asspecified in 7.2. The time needed to don t
31、he RPED shall notexceed 30 s.4.3 Breathing Resistance:4.3.1 RPED shall be tested for resistance to breathing asspecified in 7.3. The maximum inhalation resistance shall be81.5-mm water column below ambient pressure from thebeginning of the test until its conclusion.4.3.2 RPED shall be tested for res
32、istance to breathing asspecified in 7.3. The maximum exhalation resistance shall be30.6-mm water column above ambient pressure from thebeginning of the test until its conclusion.4.4 Particulate FiltrationRPED shall be tested for thefiltration of particles as specified in 7.4. The minimum filtratione
33、fficiency shall be 95 % at any time during the test.4.5 Total Inward Leakage:E2952 1424.5.1 RPED shall be tested for proper fit as specified in 7.5.The maximum total inward leakage of the challenge agent shallbe an average of 2 % of the inhaled air for any of the testsubjects in any of the test exer
34、cises.4.5.2 The measured inward leakage shall include the exha-lation valve leakage.4.6 Optical Properties:4.6.1 Light TransmissionThe vision area of the RPEDshall be tested for light transmission as specified in 7.6.1. Thevision area shall have minimum light transmission of 20 % andthe haze shall n
35、ot exceed 15 %.4.6.2 Field of VisionThe field of vision of the RPED shallbe tested as specified in 7.6.2 and shall have a score of at least70.4.6.3 FoggingThe vision area of the RPED shall be testedfor fogging as specified in 7.6.3. The test subject shall becapable of reading the Snellen eye chart a
36、t the 20/100 level.4.6.4 Ocular LeakageRPED shall be tested for ocularleakage as specified in 7.6.4. The maximum total ocularleakage of the challenge agent shall be an average of 20 % ofthe outside challenge environment for any of the test subjectsin any of the test exercises.4.7 Operational Packagi
37、ng Leakage:4.7.1 RPED shall be tested for leakage in its ready-to-useconfiguration as specified in 7.7.4.7.2 After immersion, the exterior shall be immediatelydried and weighed. There shall be no additional weight gain inexcess of the tolerance of the scale.4.8 Chemical CapacityThe RPED shall be tes
38、ted for gasbreakthrough as specified in 7.8. The RPED shall have aminimum gas life of 15 min for the breakthrough conditions foreach of the seven specific gases detailed herein.4.9 Inhalation TemperatureRPED shall be tested for in-spired air temperature as specified in 7.9. The inhalationtemperature
39、 shall not exceed 90C dry bulb or 50C wet bulbwhen run at a cyclic flow.4.10 Soot Particulate:4.10.1 RPED shall be tested for increased inhalation breath-ing resistance as a result of soot particulate as specified in 7.10.The inhalation breathing resistance shall not exceed 204-mmwater column.4.10.2
40、 RPED shall be tested for increased exhalation breath-ing resistance as a result of soot particulate as specified in 7.10.The exhalation breathing resistance shall not exceed 153-mmwater column.4.11 Flammability:4.11.1 RPED shall be tested for heat and flame resistance asspecified in 7.11. Component
41、s of the RPED shall not have anyafter flame after 5 s.4.11.2 RPED shall be tested for heat and flame resistance asspecified in 7.11. No RPED component shall drip, melt, ordevelop a hole that is visible to the unaided eye or be damagedin a manner that exposes eyes or lungs to gas or smoke.4.11.3 Afte
42、r having been tested for heat and flame, theRPED shall be evaluated for vision as specified in 7.11.8. The20/100 vision lines shall be legible.4.12 Molten Polymeric Drip Resistance:4.12.1 RPED shall be tested for resistance to molten drips asspecified in 7.12. Any after flame shall not exceed 5 s.4.
43、12.2 RPED shall be tested for resistance to molten drips asspecified in 7.12. The decrease in inhalation resistance shall notexceed 25 %.4.12.3 RPED shall be tested for resistance to molten drips asspecified in 7.12. No component shall drip, melt, or develop ahole that is visible to the unaided eye.
44、4.13 Radiant Heat Resistance:4.13.1 RPED shall be tested for resistance to radiant heat asspecified in 7.13. The temperature at the top of the head formand in the eyepiece shall not exceed 70C.4.13.2 RPED shall be tested for resistance to radiant heat asspecified in 7.13. RPED shall not become damag
45、ed in a mannerthat exposes eyes or lungs to gas or smoke.4.14 Corrosion Resistance:4.14.1 RPED shall be tested for resistance to corrosion asspecified in 7.14 and shall be evaluated for the proper use andfunction of all controls or operating features, as specified in themanufacturers instructions.4.
46、14.2 Metals that are used in the RPED, storage containers,and accessories that are inherently resistant to corrosionincluding, but not limited to, stainless steel, brass, copper,aluminum, and zinc, shall show no more than light surface-typecorrosion or oxidation. Ferrous metals shall show no corrosi
47、onof the base metals.4.14.3 Following the corrosion resistance testing in accor-dance with 7.14, RPED shall then be tested for resistance tobreathing as specified in 7.3. The inhalation resistance shall notexceed 85-mm water column below ambient pressure from thebeginning of the test until its concl
48、usion.4.14.4 Following the corrosion resistance testing in 7.14,RPED shall then be tested for resistance to breathing asspecified in 7.3, Air Flow Resistance Test. The exhalationresistance shall not exceed 30.6-mm water column aboveambient pressure from the beginning of the test until itsconclusion.
49、5. Design Requirements5.1 General:5.1.1 The design of the RPED shall provide protection to thewearers head, eyes, and respiratory system specified by thisspecification.5.1.2 The RPED shall consist of at least a hood and arespiratory protection system.5.1.3 All materials shall be free of sharp edges, burrs, andrough spots.5.1.4 Materials containing latex shall be labeled as such.5.1.5 The RPED shall not require the use of hands tomaintain the RPED in place on the user or maintain the properfunctioning of the RPED other than for donning an
