1、Designation: F 106 06Standard Specification forBrazing Filler Metals for Electron Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements or filler metalssuitable for brazing internal parts and other critical areas ofelectron devices in
3、a nonoxidizing atmosphere (Note 1).1.2 These materials are available in strip or wire or preformsmade by blanking the strip or bending the wire. Powders arealso available.NOTE 1Brazing filler metals for general applications are specified inAWS Specification A 5.8.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound
4、units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 214 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal PowdersE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesF19 Test Method for Tension and Vacuum Testi
5、ng Metal-lized Ceramic Seals2.2 American Welding Society:3A 5.8 Specification for Brazing Filler MetalsC 3.2 Method for Evaluating the Strength of Brazed JointsC 3.3 Recommended Practices for Design, Manufacture andInspection of Critical Brazed Components3. Classification3.1 Brazing filler metals wh
6、ich are vacuum grade and areclassified on the basis of chemical composition shown in Table1. The difference between Grade 1 and 2 are the impuritylimitations. Grade 1 required generally lower levels of impu-rities.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
7、following information:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Dimensions and tolerances (Table 1),4.1.3 Form (rod, bar, wire, etc.),4.1.4 AWS classification (Table 2),4.1.5 Grade 1,4.1.6 Special requirements or exceptions, and4.1.7 Certification State if certification is required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The br
8、azing filler metals shall be vacuum grade andfabricated by any method that yields a product conforming tothe requirements of this specification.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The finished brazing filler metal shall conform to thechemical composition shown in Table 2 for Grade 1 material.7. Mechanical Pr
9、operties7.1 Unless otherwise specified, wire shall be furnished insoft temper most suitable for hand feeding or ring winding onmandrels. A minimum elongation of 10 % in 2 in. (50.8 mm)indicates that the wire is annealed.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronic
10、s and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 1969 as F 106 69 T. Last previous edition approved in 2000 asF 106 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
11、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3.Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at t
12、he end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Unless otherwise specified, strip shall be furnished inhard as-rolled temper to facilitate clean blanking of thin shimsor preforms. A maximum elongation of 5
13、% in 2 in. designatesthe strip as hard.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 These materials must conform to the dimensional limi-tations listed in Table 2 for strip, wire, and preforms or Table3 for size of powdered brazing filler metals.9. Finish9.1 The surface of strip, wire, or preforms sh
14、all be assmooth and free of dirt, oxide, pits, deep scratches, seams,slivers, stains, scale, blisters, edge cracks, trimming burrs,waves, wrinkles, and other defects as best commercial practicewill permit.10. Melting Test (for Cleanness and Spatter)10.1 Requirements Since cleanness and spattering ar
15、eimportant considerations in the use of these materials, a specialmelting test is used to determine their suitability. For this test,the melting temperatures required are listed in Table X1.1. Thematerial shall also comply with the requirements of 10.2.4.10.2 Procedure:10.2.1 The melting test is per
16、formed on an “as-received”sample. Cut approximately 1 g (with clean, dry tools) into aclean, dense polycrystalline 99.5 % alumina crucible or clean,fused silica crucible or boat which has been precleaned by airfiring at 1100C (2012F), min, and stored in a dry, dust-freelocation until required.10.2.2
17、 Place samples and crucible in a dense polycrystallineor fused silica combustion tube muffle or equivalent, purgewith dry (40C) (40F) hydrogen, and heat to 20C (36F)above the liquidus, hold for 10 min, and then cool to under65C (149F) before stopping the hydrogen flow and removingthe sample for insp
18、ection.NOTE 2If the sample does not melt under these conditions, thecomposition is wrong or the temperature measurement is incorrect.10.2.3 If it is desired also to test for spattering, bridge thecrucible or boat by a nickel channel whose legs are designed toallow a small clearance, 0.06 in. (1.6 mm
19、) max. above thecrucible. An additional requirement is that the bridge be nomore than 0.38 in. (9.5 mm) above the metal bead.10.2.4 Examine the metal bead at 53 magnification. Just alight smokiness with no discrete black specks is the worst thatis permitted. Since this examination depends on experie
20、nce andjudgment, standards can be developed by running carbonTABLE 1 Dimensional Tolerances (All Plus or Minus)Width Tolerances, in. (mm)Thickness 8 in. (200 mm) wide and under Over 8 in. (200 mm) wideLess than 0.020 (0.5)0.020 to 0.050 (0.5 to 1.25), incl0.005 (0.125)0.010 (0.250)0.015 (0.38)0.015
21、(0.38)Thickness TolerancesStripThickness, in. (mm) 8 in. (200 mm) wide and under Over 8 in. (200 mm) wideUp to 0.002 (0.05), incl 0.0002 (0.005) 0.0005 (0.0125)Over 0.002 to 0.003 (0.05 to 0.075), incl 0.0003 (0.0075) 0.0006 (0.015)Over 0.003 to 0.004 (0.075 to 0.10), incl 0.0004 (0.010) 0.0007 (0.0
22、18)Over 0.004 to 0.006 (0.10 to 0.15), incl 0.0005 (0.0125) 0.0008 (0.02)Over 0.006 to 0.013 (0.15 to 0.33), incl 0.0010 (0.025) 0.0013 (0.033)Over 0.013 to 0.021 (0.33 to 0.53), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0018 (0.046)Over 0.021 to 0.026 (0.53 to 0.66), incl 0.0020 (0.05) 0.0020 (0.05)Over 0.026 to 0.050
23、 (0.66 to 0.125), incl 0.0020 (0.05) 0.0050 (0.125)Camber TolerancesStrip (Edgewise Bowl)0.5 in. (12.5 mm) max in 6 ft (1.8 m)Diameter TolerancesWireDiameter, in. (mm) Tolerance, in. (mm)0.010 to 0.020 (0.250 to 0.5) 0.0003 (0.0075)Over 0.020 to 0.030 (0.5 to 0.75) 0.0005 (0.0125)Over 0.030 to 0.040
24、 (0.75 to 1.0) 0.0007 (0.018)Over 0.040 to 0.050 (1.0 to 1.25) 0.0008 (0.02)Over 0.050 to 0.060 (1.25 to 1.5) 0.0010 (0.025)Over 0.060 to 0.080 (1.5 to 2.0) 0.0015 (0.038)Over 0.080 to 0.250 (2.0 to 6.3) 0.0020 (0.05)F106062determinations and comparing with the maximum carbonlimitation listed in Tab
25、le 2.10.2.5 If the spatter test is run, examine the bottom side ofthe nickel bridge, also at 53 magnification, for evidence of anyspatter.11. Rejection11.1 The sellers responsibility will be limited to replace-ment of any filler metal that does not conform to the require-ments of this specification.
26、12. Certification12.1 A certification, when requested by the user, based onthe manufacturers quality control that the material conforms tothe requirements of this specification, shall be furnished uponrequest of the purchaser, provided the request is made at thetime of cost quotation and at the time
27、 of order placement.13. Packaging and Marking13.1 PackagingThe brazing filler metal shall be packagedin such a way that it will arrive at its destination clean andundamaged.13.2 MarkingAll packages of brazing filler metal shall bemarked with:13.2.1 AWS specification numbers and classifications,13.2.
28、2 Sellers name and trade designation,13.2.3 Size or part description in the case of preforms.13.2.4 Net weight or scale count in the case of preforms,and13.2.5 Lot, control or heat number.14. Keywords14.1 braze alloys; electron devices; melting test for clean-ness and spatterTABLE 2 Chemical Composi
29、tion Requirements (in Wt. %) for Vacuum Grade Filler Metals for Electron DevicesA,B,CNOTE 1All finished material shall be reasonably smooth and bright and free from dirt, oil, grease, or other foreign material.NOTE 2 A complete designation of specified material must include the grade designation num
30、ber (for example, BVAg-6b, Grade 1).NOTE 3Single values shown are maximum percentages, except where otherwise specified.AWSClassifi-cationUNSDesigna-tionAg Au Cu Ni Co Sn Pd In Zn Cd Pb P CGrade 1-Vacuum grade filler metalsBVAg-0 P07017 99.95 min. . . . 0.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.001
31、 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAg-6b P07507 49.051.0 . . . Remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAg-8 P07727 71.073.0 . . . Remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAg-8b P07728 70.572.5 . . . Remainder 0.30.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.001 0.
32、002 0.002 0.005BVAg-18 P07607 59.061.0 . . . Remainder . . . . . . 9.510.5 . . . . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAg-29 P07627 60.562.5 . . . Remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.015.0 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAg-30 P07687 67.069.0 . . . Remainder . . . . . . . . . 4.55.5 . . . 0.001 0.001
33、 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAg-31 P07587 57.059.0 . . . 31.033.0 . . . . . . . . . Remainder . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAg-32 P07547 53.055.0 . . . 20.022.0 . . . . . . . . . Remainder . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAu-2 P00807 . . . 79.580.5 Remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.0
34、01 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAu-3 P00351 . . . 34.5-35.5 Remainder 2.5-3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAu-4 P00827 . . . 81.582.5 . . . Remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAu-7 P00507 . . . 49.550.5 . . . 24.525.5 0.06 . . . Remainder . . . 0.001 0.00
35、1 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAu-8 P00927 . . . 91.093.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . Remainder . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAu-9 P00354 . . . 34.5-35.5 Remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005BVAu-10 P00503 . . . 49.5-50.5 Remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001 0.001 0
36、.002 0.002 0.005BVPd-1 P03657 . . . . . . . . . 0.06 Remainder . . . 64.066.0 . . . 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005Grade 2 - Vacuum grade filler metalsBVCu-1x C14181 . . . . . . 99.99 min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.005AAll vacuum grade filler metals are considered to be s
37、patter free (refer to Melting Test, Section 10).BAll other elements in addition to those listed in the table above, with a vapor pressure higher than 107Torr at 932F (500C) (such as Mg, Sb, K, Na, Li, Tl, S, Cs,Rb, Sc, Hg, Tc, Sr, and Ca) are limited to 0.001 % max each for Grade 1 vacuum grade fill
38、er metals and 0.002 % max each for Grade 2 vacuum grade filler metals. Theaccumulative total of all these high vapor pressure elements including zinc, cadmium, and lead is limited to 0.010 % max. The total of other impurities not included in thepreceding list is limited to 0.05 % max, except for BVC
39、u-1x, which shall be 0.01 max.CFor the braze alloys shown, analysis shall regularly be made only for the major alloying elements specified and the elements Zn, Cd, Pb, P, C (by Melting Test), Hg,Mg, and Sb. However, the presence of the other elements (listed above in Footnote B), with a vapor pressu
40、re higher than 107Torr at 932F (500C), outside the limitsspecified shall constitute cause for rejection of the material.TABLE 3 Standard Sieve AnalysesA100 mesh through No. 60 sieve100 % minthrough No. 100 sieve95 % min140C mesh on No. 100 sievetraceon No. 140 sieve10 % maxthrough No. 325 sieve20 %
41、max140F mesh on No. 100 sievetraceon No. 140 sieve10 % maxthrough No. 325 sieve55 % max325 mesh on No. 200 sievetraceon No. 325 sieve10 % maxthrough No. 325 sieve90 % minAThese are standard ASTM sieve sizes selected from Table 1 of SpecificationE 11. Sieve tests are conducted in accordance with the
42、latest edition of TestMethod B 214.F106063APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GUIDE TO AWS CLASSIFICATION OF VACUUM GRADE FILLER METALSFOR ELECTRON DEVICE APPLICATIONSX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 This guide is appended to this specification as asource of information; it is not mandatory and does not form am
43、andatory part of this specification. It has been prepared as anaid to users of vacuum grade brazing filler metals to help themdetermine which classification of filler metal is best for aparticular application.X1.1.2 This specification is intended to provide both thesupplier and the user of brazing f
44、iller metals with a means ofproduction control and a basis of acceptance through mutuallyacceptable standard requirements.X1.1.3 Brazing filler metals are metals that are added whenmaking a braze. They have melting points below those of themetals being brazed and above 840F (450C) with propertiessui
45、table for making joints by capillary attraction betweenclosely fitted surfaces.X1.1.4 All classifications of filler metals in this specifica-tion are considered to be spatter-free.X1.2 Method of ClassificationX1.2.1 The classification method for brazing filler metals isbased on chemical composition
46、rather than on mechanicalproperty requirements. The mechanical properties of a brazedjoint depend, in part, on the base materials and filler metalused. Therefore, a classification method based on mechanicalproperties would be misleading since it would only apply to thespecific combination of base ma
47、terial and filler metal thatgenerated the data. If a user of brazing filler metal desires todetermine the mechanical properties of a given base metal,filler metal, and joint design combination, tests should beconducted using either Test Method F 19 or the latest edition ofAWS Method C 3.2.X1.2.2 Vac
48、uum grade brazing filler metals are standardizedinto four groups of classifications as follows: silver, gold,palladium and copper.These classifications are used for joiningapplications for vacuum tubes and other electron devices. Forthese critical applications, it is necessary to hold the high vapor
49、pressure elements to a minimum, as they usually become“emitters” during operation of the device. Each classification isavailable in two grades, Grade 1 and Grade 2; Grade 1 toindicate the most stringent requirements on emitter impuritiesand Grade 2 to indicate less stringent requirements on emitterimpurities. The only exception to this is BVCu-1x which isincorporated into this specification as Grade 2 only.X1.2.3 The basic groups of classifications of vacuum gradebrazing filler metals as shown in Table 1, are indicat
