1、Designation: F 180 94 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forDensity of Fine Wire and Ribbon Wire for ElectronicDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of, to anaccuracy of 1.0 %, the density of fine wires ranging fro
3、m 0.25to 0.02 mm (0.010 to 0.001 in.) in diameter, or ribbons ofsimilar thicknesses, for electronic devices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
4、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 4.2. Terminology2.1 Definition:2.1
5、.1 densitythe weight per unit volume, expressed ingrams per cubic centimetre, in accordance with the followingequation:D5W/Vwhere:D = density of the specimenW = weight of the specimen, g, andV = volume of the specimen, cm3.3. Apparatus3.1 BalanceA suitable chemical balance capable of beingread to 0.
6、1 mg.3.2 Micrometer, capable of being read to 0.002 mm (0.0001in.)3.3 Standard Volume CylinderA cylinder of standardvolume made from corrosion-resistant material such as nickel,cylindrical in shape to within 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.) and ofuniform diameter and length. The length of the cylinder shallbe
7、 approximately the same as the diameter and about 12.7 to25.4 mm (12 to 1 in.). The surface of the cylinder shall besmooth and free from defects, pits, or cracks. The corners ofthe cylinder shall not be rounded.3.4 Thermometer, capable of being read to 0.2C within therange from 10 to 35C.3.5 Vacuum
8、Pump and DesiccatorA vacuum pump ca-pable of producing a vacuum of 0.1 mm Hg and a vacuumdesiccator.3.6 Hook suspended by a fine wire about 0.08 mm (0.003in.) in diameter, both made of corrosion-resistant material, forsupporting the test specimen while weighing it in the liquid.3.7 Cradle suspended
9、by a fine wire about 0.08 mm (0.003in.) in diameter, both made of corrosion-resistant material, forsupporting the standard volume cylinder while weighing it inthe test liquid.4. Test Liquid4.1 The test liquid in which the test specimen and standardvolume cylinder are to be immersed while being weigh
10、ed shallbe pure, stable, and shall have a low viscosity, low surfacetension, low vapor pressure and a density of not less than 2g/cm3. Tetrabromoethane and tribromomethane have beenfound satisfactory for this purpose.4.2 Precaution2These liquids are moderately toxic andshould only be used by those f
11、amiliar with the hazardsinvolved.4.2.1 Tests should be carried out under a fume hood. Thefluids used should be considered potentially dangerous.4.2.2 HazardWhen treated, highly toxic fumes are givenoff. Prolonged inhalation can cause unconsciousness.4.2.3 TreatmentFresh air; artificial respiration i
12、f uncon-scious; oxygen if required.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1943 as B 180 43 T. Las
13、t previous edition approved in 1999 asF 180 94 (1999).2See Sax, N. I., Handbook of Dangerous Materials, 1951.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Test Specimen5.1 The preferred length of wire or ribbon required for thet
14、est specimen shall be such that the volume is approximately0.5 cm3. The use of a specimen of less than 0.2 cm3is notrecommended.6. Preparation of Specimen6.1 The wire or ribbon shall be wiped and loosely woundinto a small coil and bound with wire of the same compositionin such a manner that no loose
15、 ends project from the body ofthe coil in order to produce a compact coil sufficiently looselywound to permit penetration of the test liquid upon immersion.The test specimen shall be thoroughly cleaned of lubricants bywashing or boiling in suitable solvents and thoroughly dryingin an oven.7. Procedu
16、re7.1 Weigh the test specimen in air to the nearest 0.1 mg.Pour sufficient test liquid into a beaker to completely covereither the test specimen or the standard volume cylinder (see7.4) when suspended by their respective supports in the liquidfor weighing (Note 2). Immerse the specimen in the liquid
17、, andplace the beaker containing the specimen entirely submerged inthe vacuum desiccator. The vacuum produced by the pumpshall be sufficient to bring the liquid to a slow boil at roomtemperature and the boiling shall be continued for 10 to 15min. During this boiling period, jar or tap the desiccator
18、 inorder to detach bubbles of air or vapor clinging to thespecimen.NOTE 1The size of the beaker and the quantity of liquid are a matterof convenience. One pound of the liquid is a sufficient quantity to use.7.2 Break the vacuum and upon removal of the beaker fromthe desiccator, insert and fasten the
19、 thermometer so as not tointerfere with the weighing of the specimen in the liquid. Takecare that the specimen, liquid, and thermometer all have thesame temperature, before weighing. This may be accomplishedby allowing the liquid to stand a few minutes before weighingand stirring occasionally, but n
20、ot vigorously.7.3 Support the beaker, containing the specimen and ther-mometer, independently of, and above, the weighing pan of thebalance. Determine the weight of the unloaded hook to thenearest 0.1 mg while the hook is suspended totally immersed inthe liquid. Then place the specimen on the hook,
21、taking carethat the specimen is not exposed at any time to the atmosphereabove the liquid, and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg (Note 3).Record the temperature to the nearest 0.1C.NOTE 2In weighing the specimen in the liquid, it will be founddesirable to confine the magnitude of the swing of the pointer
22、to a fewmillimetres, because of the strong damping effect of the liquid upon themotion of the specimen.7.4 Measure the standard volume cylinder to the nearest0.002 mm (0.0001 in.) and weigh in air to the nearest 0.1 mg.Place the standard volume cylinder in the cradle, immerse it inthe test liquid, a
23、nd weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Then weigh theunloaded cradle to the nearest 0.1 mg while it is suspended inthe liquid completely immersed. Record the temperature of theliquid to the nearest 0.1C.8. Calculation8.1 Density of Test LiquidThe density of the test liquidshall be calculated as follows:d 5
24、 wa1 cl2 wl!/vwhere:d = density of test liquid, g/cm3,wa= weight of standard volume cylinder in air, g,cl= weight of cradle in liquid, g,wl= weight of standard volume cylinder and its support-ing cradle in liquid, g, andv = volume of standard cylinder, cm3.The density of most liquids varies consider
25、ably with thetemperature. If the weight of the specimen and the weight ofthe cylinder have been determined at different temperatures, itwill be necessary to apply a temperature correction to obtainthe density of the liquid for the temperature at which thespecimen is tested.NOTE 3The temperature coef
26、ficient of density for tetrabromoethaneis 0.0023/C and for tribromomethane 0.0022/C.8.2 Density of SpecimenThe density of the specimen shallbe calculated as follows:D5Wa3 d!/Wa1 h 2 Wl!where:D = density of specimen, g/cm3,Wa= weight of specimen in air, g,d = density of test liquid g/cm3,h = weight o
27、f hook in liquid, g, andWl= weight of specimen and its supporting hook inliquid, g.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Analysis of specimen,9.1.2 Size of specimen,9.1.3 Weight of specimen,9.1.4 Density of specimen to three significant figures,9.1.5 Temperature at which density determ
28、ination is made,9.1.6 Test liquid, and9.1.7 Previous mechanical and thermal treatment of speci-men.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen formally evaluated using an interlaboratory testing pro-gram. However, it is possible to evaluate the standard deviatio
29、nof the density, s(D), for a given experimental setup, using thefollowing equation that is based on propagation of errors:sD! 5 = $dD/dWa!2s2Wa! 1 dD/dd!2s2d!1 dD/dh!2s2h! 1 dD/dWl!2s2Wl!%.where each of the partial derivative terms are obtained fromappropriate differentiation of the definition of sp
30、ecimen den-sity, D , shown in 8.2.10.2 BiasProper measurement technique for all the vari-ables shown in the equation that defines s(D)in9.1 shouldeliminate bias from this test method.F 180 94 (2005)211. Keywords11.1 density measurements; electronic devices; fine wire;ribbon; wire bondingASTM Interna
31、tional takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely th
32、eir own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should
33、 be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standa
34、rds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 180 94 (2005)3
