1、Designation: F180 94 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Test Method forDensity of Fine Wire and Ribbon Wire for ElectronicDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThis standard was converted to solely SI units editorially in December 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the dete
3、rmination of, to anaccuracy of 1.0 %, the density of fine wires ranging from 0.25to 0.02 mm in diameter, or ribbons of similar thicknesses, forelectronic devices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This stand
4、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements ar
5、e given in Section 4.2. Terminology2.1 Definition:2.1.1 densitythe weight per unit volume, expressed ingrams per cubic centimetre, in accordance with the followingequation:D5W/Vwhere:D = density of the specimenW = weight of the specimen, g, andV = volume of the specimen, cm3.3. Apparatus3.1 BalanceA
6、 suitable chemical balance capable of beingread to 0.1 mg.3.2 Micrometer, capable of being read to 0.002 mm.3.3 Standard Volume CylinderA cylinder of standardvolume made from corrosion-resistant material such as nickel,cylindrical in shape to within 0.0025 mm and of uniformdiameter and length. The l
7、ength of the cylinder shall beapproximately the same as the diameter and about 12.7 to 25.4mm. The surface of the cylinder shall be smooth and free fromdefects, pits, or cracks. The corners of the cylinder shall not berounded.3.4 Thermometer, capable of being read to 0.2C within therange from 10 to
8、35C.3.5 Vacuum Pump and DesiccatorA vacuum pump ca-pable of producing a vacuum of 0.1 mm Hg and a vacuumdesiccator.3.6 Hook suspended by a fine wire about 0.08 mm indiameter, both made of corrosion-resistant material, for sup-porting the test specimen while weighing it in the liquid.3.7 Cradle suspe
9、nded by a fine wire about 0.08 mm indiameter, both made of corrosion-resistant material, for sup-porting the standard volume cylinder while weighing it in thetest liquid.4. Test Liquid4.1 The test liquid in which the test specimen and standardvolume cylinder are to be immersed while being weighed sh
10、allbe pure, stable, and shall have a low viscosity, low surfacetension, low vapor pressure and a density of not less than 2g/cm3. Tetrabromoethane and tribromomethane have beenfound satisfactory for this purpose.4.2 Precaution2These liquids are moderately toxic andshould only be used by those famili
11、ar with the hazardsinvolved.4.2.1 Tests should be carried out under a fume hood. Thefluids used should be considered potentially dangerous.4.2.2 HazardWhen treated, highly toxic fumes are givenoff. Prolonged inhalation can cause unconsciousness.4.2.3 TreatmentFresh air; artificial respiration if unc
12、on-scious; oxygen if required.5. Test Specimen5.1 The preferred length of wire or ribbon required for thetest specimen shall be such that the volume is approximately0.5 cm3. The use of a specimen of less than 0.2 cm3is notrecommended.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01
13、onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1943 as B180 43 T. Last previous edition approved in 2005 asF180 94 (2005). DOI: 10.1520/F0180-94R10.2See Sax, N. I., Handbo
14、ok of Dangerous Materials, 1951.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Preparation of Specimen6.1 The wire or ribbon shall be wiped and loosely woundinto a small coil and bound with wire of the same compositionin such a m
15、anner that no loose ends project from the body ofthe coil in order to produce a compact coil sufficiently looselywound to permit penetration of the test liquid upon immersion.The test specimen shall be thoroughly cleaned of lubricants bywashing or boiling in suitable solvents and thoroughly dryingin
16、 an oven.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh the test specimen in air to the nearest 0.1 mg.Pour sufficient test liquid into a beaker to completely covereither the test specimen or the standard volume cylinder (see7.4) when suspended by their respective supports in the liquidfor weighing (Note 2). Immerse the spe
17、cimen in the liquid, andplace the beaker containing the specimen entirely submerged inthe vacuum desiccator. The vacuum produced by the pumpshall be sufficient to bring the liquid to a slow boil at roomtemperature and the boiling shall be continued for 10 to 15min. During this boiling period, jar or
18、 tap the desiccator inorder to detach bubbles of air or vapor clinging to thespecimen.NOTE 1The size of the beaker and the quantity of liquid are a matterof convenience. One pound of the liquid is a sufficient quantity to use.7.2 Break the vacuum and upon removal of the beaker fromthe desiccator, in
19、sert and fasten the thermometer so as not tointerfere with the weighing of the specimen in the liquid. Takecare that the specimen, liquid, and thermometer all have thesame temperature, before weighing. This may be accomplishedby allowing the liquid to stand a few minutes before weighingand stirring
20、occasionally, but not vigorously.7.3 Support the beaker, containing the specimen and ther-mometer, independently of, and above, the weighing pan of thebalance. Determine the weight of the unloaded hook to thenearest 0.1 mg while the hook is suspended totally immersed inthe liquid. Then place the spe
21、cimen on the hook, taking carethat the specimen is not exposed at any time to the atmosphereabove the liquid, and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg (Note 3).Record the temperature to the nearest 0.1C.NOTE 2In weighing the specimen in the liquid, it will be founddesirable to confine the magnitude of the sw
22、ing of the pointer to a fewmillimetres, because of the strong damping effect of the liquid upon themotion of the specimen.7.4 Measure the standard volume cylinder to the nearest0.002 mm and weigh in air to the nearest 0.1 mg. Place thestandard volume cylinder in the cradle, immerse it in the testliq
23、uid, and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Then weigh theunloaded cradle to the nearest 0.1 mg while it is suspended inthe liquid completely immersed. Record the temperature of theliquid to the nearest 0.1C.8. Calculation8.1 Density of Test LiquidThe density of the test liquidshall be calculated as follo
24、ws:d 5 wa1 cl2 wl!/vwhere:d = density of test liquid, g/cm3,wa= weight of standard volume cylinder in air, g,cl= weight of cradle in liquid, g,wl= weight of standard volume cylinder and its support-ing cradle in liquid, g, andv = volume of standard cylinder, cm3.The density of most liquids varies co
25、nsiderably with thetemperature. If the weight of the specimen and the weight ofthe cylinder have been determined at different temperatures, itwill be necessary to apply a temperature correction to obtainthe density of the liquid for the temperature at which thespecimen is tested.NOTE 3The temperatur
26、e coefficient of density for tetrabromoethaneis 0.0023/C and for tribromomethane 0.0022/C.8.2 Density of SpecimenThe density of the specimen shallbe calculated as follows:D5Wa3 d!/Wa1 h 2 Wl!where:D = density of specimen, g/cm3,Wa= weight of specimen in air, g,d = density of test liquid g/cm3,h = we
27、ight of hook in liquid, g, andWl= weight of specimen and its supporting hook inliquid, g.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Analysis of specimen,9.1.2 Size of specimen,9.1.3 Weight of specimen,9.1.4 Density of specimen to three significant figures,9.1.5 Temperature at which density
28、determination is made,9.1.6 Test liquid, and9.1.7 Previous mechanical and thermal treatment of speci-men.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen formally evaluated using an interlaboratory testing pro-gram. However, it is possible to evaluate the standard de
29、viationof the density, s(D), for a given experimental setup, using thefollowing equation that is based on propagation of errors:sD! 5 = $dD/dWa!2s2Wa! 1 dD/dd!2s2d!1 dD/dh!2s2h! 1 dD/dWl!2s2Wl!%.where each of the partial derivative terms are obtained fromappropriate differentiation of the definition
30、 of specimen den-sity, D , shown in 8.2.10.2 BiasProper measurement technique for all the vari-ables shown in the equation that defines s(D)in9.1 shouldeliminate bias from this test method.11. Keywords11.1 density measurements; electronic devices; fine wire;ribbon; wire bondingF180 94 (2010)12ASTM I
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