1、Designation: F302 09Standard Practice forField Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in Containers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F302; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers field sampling of fluids fromhermetically sealed containers and other fluid containers of208-L volume maximum. It may be
3、 utilized at manufacturing,storage, or use levels for obtaining representative fluid samplesfor chemical, physical, or particulate matter determinations.1.2 Use of this practice depends upon variables such as fluidtoxicity, restrictive fluid odors, fluid flammability, and so forth.It is suitable for
4、 most hydraulic fluids; however, care should beexercised in determining compatibility before use.21.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if an
5、y, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-ment, see 6.5.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specificat
6、ion for Reagent WaterD1836 Specification for Commercial HexanesD2021 Specification for Neutral Detergent, 40 PercentAlkylbenzene Sulfonate Type4D4898 Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hy-draulic Fluids by Gravimetric AnalysisF311 Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples forParticula
7、te Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Fil-tersF314 Test Method for Identification of Metallic and FibrousContaminants in Aerospace Fluids43. Summary of Practice3.1 The minimum requirements for container agitation,sample withdrawal, and sample transfer are given in thispractice. Precautions to ens
8、ure sampling reliability are in-cluded in the procedure to the extent required by normalprocessing conditions. The procedure involves agitating thecontainer, withdrawing with a suitable instrument capable ofcreating a vacuum, a predetermined quantity of fluid, andimmediately transferring it to a ves
9、sel, properly identified, tohold for analysis by a stipulated method.4. Significance and Use4.1 Samples obtained by use of this practice are intended forprocessing in accordance with Practice F311, Test MethodD4898, and Test Method F314, and other chemical or physicalmethods of analysis.5. Apparatus
10、5.1 Pipet, volumetric transfer or equivalent rubber-bulbtype. A taper-jointed type, as shown in Fig. 1, 560 mm long,calibrated to deliver 100 mL at 20C, is also acceptable. Thistype provides for ease of maintenance by being separable at themidpoint of the bulb.NOTE 1The volume capacities selected fo
11、r the pipet and samplebottles shall be as required for the sample volume desired. Normally a 1006 5-mL sample is standard, which would require a capacity of approxi-mately 125 mL. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that a samplevolume of 100 6 5 mL be used for accomplishing the methods defin
12、edherein.5.2 Bottles, sample, wide-mouth type (Note 1).5.3 Solvent Filtering DispenserAn apparatus to dispensea stream of 2.0 m or finer membrane-filtered fluid.5.4 Vinylidene Chloride, Polyethylene Terephthalate, orPolyamide Sheet, 0.1 mm (4-mil) min.5.5 Beverage Can Opener (Unplated), sharpened, d
13、e-burred.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 2004 as F302 2004. DOI:10.1520/F0302-09.2Where a special environment is required, a Proposed Laboratory Method forSampling Aerospace Fluids in Containers is under development in the committee.For further information write to B. R. Hall, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 LS
15、t., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM
16、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on
17、Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.5Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherw
18、ise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Specification D1193.6.3 Detergent, free-rinsing. Material conforming to Specifi-cation D2021 is suitable.6.4 Isopropyl Alcohol, acetone-free.66.5 Ligroine (Petroleum Ether), 30 to 60C.6.5.1 WarningLigroine and h
19、exane are highly flammableand should be handled with adequate precautions.NOTE 2Ligroine is suggested because of its high-evaporation rate andrelatively negligible residue (0.001 %). Other solvents are acceptable asrequired by the sampling activity, when a comparable evaporation andresidue is consid
20、ered, such as commercial hexanes (see SpecificationD1836). In any case, reagent selected should not have a harmful effect onthe sampling apparatus, sampled fluid, or the equipment to be used inprocessing the sample, or both.7. Preparations of Apparatus and Reagents7.1 Apparatus used in this practice
21、 shall be prepared by areliable process for assurance of essentially contamination-freesurfaces.NOTE 3It is recommended that a process shall be used as described inTest Method D4898 or Practice F311.7.2 Reagents used in this practice shall be suitably filteredand stored to maintain a level of refine
22、ment equivalent to thehighest attainable as required by the product evaluation methodof determination.8. Procedure8.1 Select at random representative containers of fluid to besampled. When defined, selection shall be as required by thetest method.Asuggested cube-root sampling quantity is shownin Tab
23、le 1. Alternative plans may be based on the pastexperience and judgment of the sampling activity. Quantitiesexceeding those given in Table 1 should be determined by thecube-root method.8.2 Having selected the containers to be sampled, prepareand sample each one individually.8.3 Agitate the fluid con
24、tainer as required to assure safetyand completeness of sampling of the particulate matter. Themethod used shall depend on the height of the container, thefluid viscosity, and the particle size, as related in Fig. 2. First,the container shall be inverted for a period of time sufficient forthe particl
25、es of the predominant size to fall half the height ofthe container. This time shall be determined as follows: thefluid viscosity at the temperature of sampling shall be esti-mated and an appropriate diagonal line on Fig. 2 selected. Thepredominant particle size will probably be known from pastexperi
26、ence; if not, 20 m may be used as a preliminaryestimate. The settling time shall then be read from Fig. 2 for a1-L container, and the size factor applied if necessary. Anysituation not covered by the chart may be calculated fromStokes law. The time may turn out to be burdensome in somespecial cases;
27、 warming the container would be permissible insuch cases provided it will not cause solution of plastic, etc.,which might change the particle count. After the inversionperiod, the container shall be placed on its side and rolledslowly five turns. It shall then be rolled in the oppositedirection for
28、five turns and returned to an upright position. Thesample shall be drawn within one half the inversion time, afteragitation is completed.NOTE 4Hermetically sealed containers of 3.8 L or less may be shakenby hand or by mechanical vibration for a minimum of 30 s.8.4 Utilizing the filtered ligroine (pe
29、troleum ether) (Note 2),dispensed from a washing bottle, carefully wash surface areasof the container that may be exposed to the sampling areaselected. The container bung or other areas capable of ad-versely influencing the accuracy of the sampling apparatus5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Soci
30、ety Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacope
31、ial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.6Material conforming to USP XVII, p. 995, is suitable.FIG. 1 Separable PipetTABLE 1 Sample PlanQuantity of Containers Sample1to10 111 to 30 331 to 70 471 to 150 5151 to 210 6210 to 530 8531 to 1170 10F302 092which come in contact with the fluid to be sampled
32、, shall berinsed with filtered ligroine immediately prior to opening thecontainer.8.5 To open a hermetically-sealed container, lay it on its sideand quickly puncture the lowest point of the container. This isaccomplished utilizing a beverage-type can opener (unplated),or equivalent. Allow approximat
33、ely 300 to 500 mL of fluid toflow from the opening prior to placing the container in anupright position. Cover the top of the container with a plasticsheet to preserve cleanliness. (The sheet shall be previouslycleaned.) To obtain a sample, select a sample bottle prepared asdescribed in Section 6. R
34、emove the cap from the sample bottleand lay the container to be sampled on its side allowing freeflow of the fluid. Place the bottle in the container effluent andcollect the required sample volume. Immediately cover thesample bottle and return the container to an upright positionand recover it. Iden
35、tify the sample bottle.8.6 Withdraw the sample from the drum-type containers asfollows: Select a suitable volumetric pipet, prepared as de-scribed in Section 7, and withdraw sufficient fluid from thecontainer opening to fill it. Cover the container opening,discard this volume of fluid, and withdraw
36、an additionalvolume of fluid as required for the sample volume desired.Cover the container and transfer the fluid to a sample bottleprepared as described in Section 7. Identify the sample bottleas required. The method described in this paragraph is suitableas an alternative method for sample withdra
37、wal from hermeti-cally sealed containers.NOTE 5The method selected shall be accomplished sequentially andas quickly as possible to avert extraneous contamination of the containeror sampling apparatus, or both.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The reproducibility and repeatability of the resultsobtained with
38、these sampling techniques depend on the exer-cise of good workmanship and care. When performing theprocedures described in this method, care must be taken tominimize the effects of the working environment and samplingapparatus contamination. Both precision and accuracy arefundamentally limited by th
39、e Poisson distribution of sampling,which causes the standard deviation of the number of particlescollected to be a function of the square root of the total numberof particles collected, in any given category.10. Keywords10.1 aerospace fluids; fluid analysis; fluid sampling; par-ticles in fluidsASTM
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43、 Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at
44、 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 2 Inversion Time Required to Distribute Particles in a ClosedContainerF302 093
