1、Designation: F1001 12Standard Guide forSelection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protective ClothingMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of chemicals can be exposed tonumerous compounds capable of causing
3、 harm upon contact with the human body. The deleteriouseffects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma, such as dermatitis or burns, to chronicdegenerative disease, such as cancer or pulmonary fibrosis. Because engineering controls may noteliminate all possible exposures, attention is often g
4、iven to reducing the potential for direct skincontact through the use of protective clothing that resists degradation, penetration, and permeation.Standard test methods are being established to measure degradation, penetration, and permeationchemical resistance of protective clothing materials. Chem
5、ical resistance information for a number ofchemicals often accompanies many protective clothing articles. However, because there are so manypossible protective clothing and chemical combinations, the number and type of chemicals appearingin chemical resistance tables vary extensively.This guide esta
6、blishes a standardized list of chemicals to be used in evaluating protective clothingmaterials. The list of chemicals includes a broad range of representative chemical classes andproperties. This guide is intended to provide a minimum set of chemicals in generating test results forprotective clothin
7、g users and to aid in screening new materials.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a recommendedlist of both liquid and gaseous chemicals for evaluatingprotective clothing materials in testing programs.1.2 Results derived from testing programs using these listsof test chemicals are no
8、t intended for the definitive character-ization of protective clothing materials.1.3 This list of test chemicals is not inclusive of all chemicalchallenges; the chemicals were chosen to represent broadranges of liquid and gaseous chemical classes and properties.Not all chemical classes are represent
9、ed. Other chemicals,especially those of interest to the manufacturer or user, shouldbe tested in addition to those recommended in this guide.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
10、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazardsstatement is given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing
11、Materials under Conditions ofContinuous ContactF903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by LiquidsF1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor ProtectiveSuitsF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF2588 Test Method for Man-In-Simulant Test (MIS
12、T) forProtective Ensembles2.2 OSHA Standards:329 CFR 1910.1047 Ethylene Oxide29 CFR 1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition appr
13、oved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1001 - 99a(2006).DOI: 10.1520/F1001-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
14、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、19428-2959, United States.29 CFR 1910.1052 Dichloromethane2.3 Other Standards:Compressed Gas Association Publication P-1 Safe Han-dling of Compressed Gases in Containers43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 degradation, nthe deleterious change in one or moreproperties of a material.3.1.2 penetration,
16、 nfor chemical protective clothing, themovement of substances through voids in protective clothingmaterials or items on a non-molecular level.3.1.2.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes andimperfections in closures, seams, interfaces and protectiveclothing materials. Penetration does not requ
17、ire a change ifstate; solid chemicals move through voids in materials assolids, liquids as liquids and gases as gases. Penetration is adistinctly different mechanism from permeation.3.1.3 permeation, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovements of chemicals as molecules through protectiveclothing
18、 materials by the processes of (1) absorption of thechemical into the contact surface of the materials, (2) diffusionof the absorbed molecules throughout the material, and (3)desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of thematerial.3.1.3.1 DiscussionPermeation is a distinctly differentmec
19、hanism from penetration.3.1.4 protective clothing material, nany material or com-bination of materials used in an item of clothing for the purposeof isolating parts of the body from a potential hazard.3.1.5 test chemical, nthe solid, liquid, gas or mixturethereof, used to evaluate the performance of
20、 a protectiveclothing material.3.1.6 totally encapsulating chemical protective suit, nafull body garment that is constructed of protective clothingmaterials; covers the wearers torso, head, arms, and legs; maycover the wearers hands and feet with permanently or tightlyattached gloves and boots; comp
21、letely encloses the wearer byitself or in combination with the wearers respiratory equip-ment, gloves, and boots.3.1.7 For definitions of protective clothing terms used inthis guide, refer to Terminology F1494.4. Summary of Guide4.1 In this guide, two lists of test chemicals are recom-mended to be u
22、sed in testing programs to evaluate chemical/protective clothing material interactions or compatibility. Onelist includes 15 liquid chemicals while the other list includessix gaseous chemicals. Users of this guide may evaluateprotective clothing materials against either list or both lists incombinat
23、ion.4.2 Types of testing programs are not specified. However,when a protective clothing material is tested in accordance withthis guide and any appropriate test method, all results anddocumentation required by the test method should be reportedfor each chemical tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
24、 guide establishes a recommended list of challengechemicals to encourage those who evaluate chemical protectiveclothing to test a minimum number of chemicals in common.This list will simplify the comparison of data from differentsources.5.2 This guide may also serve material developers orevaluators
25、in screening candidate protective clothing materials.5.3 Test methods applicable to the use of this guide include,but are not limited to, Test Methods F903 and F739.5.3.1 The battery of chemical gases shall not be used fortesting material penetration resistance because Test MethodF903 has been desig
26、ned for measuring liquid penetration only.5.3.2 Evaluation of materials against the gaseous chemicalbattery is primarily intended for those materials used in theconstruction of totally-encapsulating protective suits or otherclothing items that are designed to prevent exposure tochemical vapors or ga
27、ses. Only vapor-protective clothing thathave been evaluated for and have demonstrated appropriatelevels of inward leakage against gases and vapor are appropri-ate for protection against vapors and gases. Protective clothingthat only covers part of the body or that have does not havevapor-resistant c
28、losures, closures, or interfaces to other en-semble components does not provide protection against haz-ardous chemical vapors and gases.NOTE 1Methods to evaluate the vapor-protective performance ofprotective clothing ensembles include, but are not limited to, Test MethodF1052 and Test Method F2588.5
29、.4 The presence of any chemical in this battery does notconnote any special significance of the chemical for protectingworkers from chemical hazards. This battery of chemicals isintended to represent a range of chemical classes, hazards,physical characteristics and other factors. Not of all of thech
30、emicals in this battery have any significance from a skintoxicity or irritation perspective.5.5 Chemical resistance of a protective clothing materialagainst a specific chemical or list of chemicals does not inferthe chemical resistance of that protective material against otherchemicals.6. Reagents6.
31、1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.5Other grades may be used,pr
32、ovided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.4Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 1725 Jefferson DavisHwy., Suite 1004, Arlington, VA 22202-4102.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical So
33、ciety Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacop
34、eial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.F1001 1226.2 List of Recommended Liquid Test ChemicalsReagentsare listed by common name, synonym, and Chemical AbstractRegistry Service (CAS) number:6.2.1 Acetone (2-propanone),667-64-1,6.2.2 Acetonitrile (cyanomethane), 75-05-8,6.2.3 Carbon Disulfide, 75-1
35、5-0,6.2.4 Dichloromethane (methylene chloride), 75-09-2,6.2.5 Diethylamine, 109-89-7,6.2.6 Dimethylformamide (DMF), 68-12-2,6.2.7 Ethyl Acetate, 141-78-6,6.2.8 n-Hexane, 110-54-3,6.2.9 Methanol (methyl alcohol, carbinol), 67-56-1,6.2.10 Nitrobenzene, 98-95-3,6.2.11 Sodium Hydroxide (50 % w/w), 1310-
36、73-2,6.2.12 Sulfuric Acid (93.1 % sp gr 1.84, 66 Be8), 7664-93-9,6.2.13 Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), 127-18-4,6.2.14 Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 1,4-epoxybutane), 109-99-9, and6.2.15 Toluene (toluol), 108-88-3.6.3 List of Recommended Gaseous Test ChemicalsReagents are listed by common name, mi
37、nimum purity, syn-onyms, and Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number.6.3.1 Ammonia, anhydrous, (99.99 %), 7664-41-76.3.2 1,3-Butadiene, inhibited, (99.0 %(bivinyl, vinyleth-ylene, biethylene), 106-99-06.3.3 Chlorine, 99.5 %, 7782-50-56.3.4 Ethylene Oxide, (99.7 %), (oxirane, 1,2-epoxyethane),75-21-8
38、6.3.5 Hydrogen Chloride, (99.0 %), (hydrochloric acid),7647-01-06.3.6 Methyl Chloride, (99.5 %), (chloromethane), 74-87-37. Safety Hazards7.1 Before carrying out any test, safety precautions anddisposal procedures for chemicals and contaminated protectiveclothing material should be identified and re
39、viewed to providefull protection to all personnel. Consult chemical MaterialSafety Data Sheets on each chemical to determine all proper-ties and hazards related to their use, storage, and disposal.7.2 Ethylene Oxide, 1,3-Butadiene, and Dichloromethaneare listed by OSHA as carcinogens and require spe
40、cial han-dling. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.1047, 29 CFR 1910.1051, and 29CFR 1910.1052, respectively. Dimethylformamide, nitroben-zene, and tetrachloroethylene are listed as possibly carcino-genic by IARC7.7.3 The appropriate gas connectors, regulators, and compat-ible materials should be used with gaseou
41、s chemicals asrecommended by the Compressed Gas Association. Refer toCGA Publication P-1.7.4 Adequate ventilation should be provided at all timesduring testing. Ventilation is particularly important whentesting any gases.8. Procedure8.1 For the proper implementation of this guide, manufac-turers or
42、others reporting results of testing programs involvingthe list of recommended test chemicals should report testresults for all chemicals on the list. If a chemical or chemicalsare not tested, the reason should be provided in place of the testresults.8.2 Care should be exercised in the interpretation
43、 of testresults from testing programs using the list of test chemicals.Users of this guide should exercise particular caution inmaking inferences of protective clothing material behavior forchemicals or protective clothing materials that may seemsimilar.8.3 When using this guide for comparison betwe
44、en differenttesting programs involving the same test method, the usershould check the details and test parameters used in each testto ascertain whether a sufficient basis exists for comparingtesting program results. For example, the detector sensitivity,length of test, and permeation rate should be
45、considered whenusing this guide in conjunction with Test Method F739.9. Keywords9.1 chemical testing; chemicals; gaseous chemicals; liquidchemicals; protective clothingAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 Selection of ChemicalsChemicals were selected toprovide representation for a wid
46、e range of chemical classes andproperties. Other criteria included how common the chemicalwas in industrial operations and transportation, the ease ofhandling the chemical, the hazards of the chemical, and if thechemical was known to permeate some protective clothingmaterials easily. Not all chemica
47、l classes or categories arerepresented in this list.X1.2 Acetone (ketone)Used in interlaboratory testing ofTest Method F739; common industrial/non-industrial solvent.X1.3 AcetonitrileNitrile compound.6Chemical Abstracts Service, Division of American Chemical Society, 2540Olentangy River Road, Box 30
48、12, Columbus, OH 43210.7International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours AlbertThomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France; http:/www.iarc.fr.F1001 123X1.4 AmmoniaBasic gas; high volume chemical com-modity.X1.5 1,3 ButadieneUnsaturated hydrocarbon gas.X1.6 Carbon DisulfideSulfur-containing orga
49、nic com-pound.X1.7 ChlorineAcid gas; high volume chemical commod-ity.X1.8 DichloromethaneChlorinated paraffin.X1.9 DiethylamineAmine.X1.10 DimethylformamideAmide.X1.11 Ethyl AcetateEster.X1.12 Ethylene OxideHeterocyclic ether gas.X1.13 n-HexaneSaturated hydrocarbon.X1.14 Hydrogen ChlorideInorganic acid gas.X1.15 MethanolPrimary alcohol.X1.16 Methyl ChlorideChlorinated hydrocarbon gas.X1.17 NitrobenzeneNitro-compound.X1.18 Sodium HydroxideInorganic base; largest produc-tion volume for base; concentration (5
