1、Designation: F412 12F412 13 An American National StandardStandard Terminology Relating toPlastic Piping Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a compilation of defin
3、itions of technical terms used in the plastic piping industry. Terms that aregenerally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee F17 is responsible it is included only when judged, afterreview,
4、 by Subcommittee F17.91 to be a generally usable term.1.3 Definitions that are identical to those published by other ASTM committees or other standards organizations are identifiedwith the committee number (for example, D20) or with the abbreviation of the name of the organization (for example, IUPA
5、CInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes.1.5 Definitions are followed by the committee responsible for the standard(s) (for example, F17.26) and standard numbers(s)in which they are used (for example, F714
6、).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of PlasticsD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Fl
7、exural Load in the Edgewise PositionD747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever BeamD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Shee
8、tingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent PlasticsD1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion PlastometerD1488 Test Method
9、for Amylaceous Matter in AdhesivesD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1527 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80D1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D2104
10、Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40 (Withdrawn 2010)3D2239 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside DiameterD2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D2282 Specification for Acrylonitrile-
11、Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe (Withdrawn 2006)31 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.91 on Editorial andTerminology.Current edition approved April 1, 2012Feb. 15, 2013. Published May 20
12、12February 2013. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20092012 asF412 09.F412 12. DOI: 10.1520/F0412-12.10.1520/F0412-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standard
13、svolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes
14、 have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official
15、 document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (FallingWeight)D2447 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plast
16、ic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80, Based on Outside Diameter (Withdrawn 2010)3D2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD2661 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and FittingsD2666 Specification for
17、Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing (Withdrawn 2003)3D2680 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer PipingD2683 Specification for Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and TubingD2737 Specificati
18、on for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic TubingD2751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and FittingsD2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis forThermoplastic Pipe ProductsD2846/D2846M Specification for
19、Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution SystemsD3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside DiameterD3139 Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3261 Specification for
20、 Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and TubingD3309 Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution SystemsD3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings MaterialsF402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solv
21、ent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsF405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and FittingsF441/F441M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80F442/F442M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(
22、Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDRPR)F449 Practice for Subsurface Installation of Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe for Agricultural Drainage or Water Table ControlF628 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe With a CellularCoreF645 Gu
23、ide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping SystemsF714 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on Outside DiameterF771 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Thermoplastic High-Pressure Irrigation Pipeline SystemsF876 Specification for Cro
24、sslinked Polyethylene (PEX) TubingF877 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution SystemsF891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular CoreF948 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Piping Systems and Components
25、Under Constant Internal Pressure With FlowF1025 Guide for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement-Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punctures or Holesin Polyethylene Gas Pressure PipeF1335 Specification for Pressure-Rated Composite Pipe and Fittings for Elevated Temperature Service (Wit
26、hdrawn 2011)3F1473 Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and ResinsF1488 Specification for Coextruded Composite PipeF1499 Specification for Coextruded Composite Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe (DWV)F1668 Guide for Construction Procedures
27、for Buried Plastic PipeF1733 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA) Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plastic Pipe and TubingF1760 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-RecycledContentF1924 Specification for Plastic Mechanical
28、Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene Gas Distribution Pipeand TubingF1948 Specification for Metallic Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter Controlled Thermoplastic Gas DistributionPipe and TubingF1970 Specification for Special Engineered Fittings, Appurtenances or V
29、alves for use in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) orChlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) SystemsF1973 Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Risers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) and Polyamide 11(PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel Gas Distribution SystemsF1986 Specification for M
30、ultilayer PipeType 2, Compression Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hot and Cold Drinking-WaterSystemsF1987 Specification for Multilayer Pipe Type 2, Compression Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hydronic Heating SystemsF2145 Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Mecha
31、nical Fittings for Use on Outside DiameterControlled Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 Pipe and TubingF2158 Specification for Residential Central-Vacuum Tube and FittingsF2160 Specification for Solid Wall High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Conduit Based on Controlled Outside Diameter (OD)F2176 Specificati
32、on for Mechanical Couplings Used on Polyethylene Conduit, Duct and InnerductF412 1322.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 3 Preferred NumbersISO 497 Preferred NumbersISO R 161 Pipes of Plastics Materials for the Transport of Fluids (Outside Diameters and Nominal Pressures) Part I, MetricSeriesISO TR 9080 Thermolpl
33、astics Pipes for the Transport of Fluids-Methods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture Datato Determine the Long-Term Hydrostatic Strength of Thermoplastic Pipe Materials2.3 ANSI Standard:4Z17.1 ANSI Preferred Numbers2.4 PPI Standard:5PPI TR-43. Terminologyacceptance testingtesting performe
34、d on a product to determine whether or not an individual lot of the product conforms withspecified requirements. F17DISCUSSIONThe number of requirements are usually fewer than for qualification testing (see definition).acetal plastics, nhighly crystalline linear thermoplastic homopolymers or copolym
35、ers characterized by repeating oxymethyleneunits. F17acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) pipe and fitting plastics plastics containing polymers or blends of polymers, or both,in which the minimum butadiene content is 6%, the minimum acrylonitrile content is 15 %, the minimum styrene or substituted
36、styrene content, or both, is 15 %, and the maximum content of all other monomers is not more than 5 %; plus lubricants,stabilizers, and colorants. F17.61 D1527, D2282 17.62 D2680, D2751adhesivea substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment. F17adhesive bonded jointsee joint,
37、 adhesive bonded.adhesive, solventsee solvent cement.adiabatic extrusiona method of extrusion in which, after the extrusion apparatus has been heated sufficiently by conventionalmeans to plastify the material, the extrusion process can be continued with the sole source of heat being the conversion o
38、f thedrive energy, through viscous resistance of the plastic mass in the extruder. D20 D883aging, n(1) the effect on materials of exposure to an environment for an interval of time.(2) the process of exposing materials to an environment for an interval of time. D20 D883alloy, nin plastics, two or mo
39、re immiscible polymers united, usually by another component, to form a plastic resin havingenhanced performance properties. D20 D883antioxidant, ncompounding ingredient used to retard deterioration caused by oxidation. F17apparent densitythe weight per unit volume of a material including voids inher
40、ent in the material as tested. F17DISCUSSIONThe term bulk density is commonly used for material such as molding powder.approving authoritythe individual official, board, department, or agency established and authorized by a state, county, city, orother political subdivision, created by law to admini
41、ster and enforce specified requirements.artificial weatheringexposure to laboratory conditions, which may be cyclic, involving temperature, relative humidity, radiantenergy, or any other conditions or pollutants found in the atmosphere in various geographical areas; or both. F17DISCUSSIONThe interla
42、boratory exposure conditions are usually intensified beyond those encountered in actual outdoor exposure in an attempt to achieve anaccelerated effect.4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5 Available from Pla
43、stics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.F412 133backfillall material used to fill the trench from bedding to finished surface. F17.65 F449, F1668backfill, finalmaterial used to fill the trench from initial backfill to finished surface. F17
44、backfill, initialmaterial used to fill the trench from top of bedding to a designated height over the pipe. F17backfill, pipe zonesee pipe zone backfill.backfill, unconsolidatednoncompacted material in place in trench. F17bead-up cycle, npart of the fusion procedure that insures complete contact bet
45、ween the heater surfaces and the pipe ends byapplying pressure such as fusion joining pressure to force the pipe ends against the heater surfaces.DISCUSSIONThe bead-up cycle begins at initial contact of the pipe ends against the heater and ends when an indication of melt (slight melt bead) is observ
46、ed aroundthe pipe circumference.beam loadingthe application of a load to a pipe between two points of support, usually expressed in newtons (or pounds-force)and the distance between the centers of the supports. F17bedding, nmaterials placed in the bottom of the trench on top of the foundation soil w
47、hich provides stable bottom support forburied pipe including the trench bottom groove support angle or select material placed around the pipe, and envelope or filtermaterials where used during insulation. F17.65 F449, F1668bedding, vplacement of support materials for buried pipe. F17bell-and-spigot
48、jointsee joint, bell-and-spigot gasket.bell endthe enlarged portion of a pipe that resembles the socket portion of a fitting and that is intended to be used to make ajoint. F17benda fitting either molded separately or formed from pipe for the purpose of accommodating a directional change. F17DISCUSS
49、IONAlso called ell,elbow, or sweep. Bends generally imply fittings of relatively shorter radii than sweeps.beveled pipea pipe with an end chamfered to mate or adjust to another surface or to assist in assembly. F17binder, nin a reinforced plastic, the continuous phase which holds together the reinforcement. D20 D883DISCUSSIONDuring fabrication, the binder, which may be either thermoplastic or thermoset, usually undergoes a change in state.blindingthe placement of soil, bedding material over and
