1、Designation: F 2251 03e1Standard Test Method forThickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEReference to a Research Report was added in March 2004.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of thickness offlexible pa
3、ckaging materials using contact micrometers.1.2 The Precision and Bias statement for this test methodwas developed using both handheld and bench top micrometerswith foot sizes ranging from 4.8 to 15.9 mm (316 to58 in.).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
4、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical
5、Insu-lationD 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingD 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Tes
6、t Method2.2 ANSI/ASQ Standards:4ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by AttributesANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Variables3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bench micrometertabletop measurement system us-ing a dead weight or spring.3.1.2 footth
7、e moving component of the micrometer thatcomes in contact with the sample.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring athickness dimension. Accurate measurement of thickness canbe critical to meeting specifications and characterizing process,product, and material perfo
8、rmance.4.2 This test method does not address acceptability criteria.These need to be jointly determined by the user and producerof the product. Repeatability and reproducibility of measure-ment is shown in the Precision and Bias section. Attentionshould be given to the inherent variability of materi
9、als beingmeasured as this can affect measurement outcome.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical gage, suitable for measuring thickness:5.1.1 The thickness gage may be either a bench or hand-heldmechanical model.5.1.2 The gage should be capable of accurately measuring inincrements of 2.5 m (0.0001 in.).5.1.3 The
10、 foot size and foot pressure should be known andidentified. Because of the compressibility of different materialsit is important when comparing results between differentlaboratories that the size of the foot and pressure be the same.5.1.4 It is recommended that a calibration be performed onthe appar
11、atus used and certified to a recognized industrystandard such as National Institute of Standards and Technol-ogy (NIST).NOTE 1Test Methods D 5947 and D 374 give guidance on methodsfor checking calibration and parallelism.6. Sampling6.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to bepredictive
12、of performance. Caution should be taken wheneliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.6.2 See Practice D 1898 or ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 or Z1.9, orboth, for guidance on sampling plans and practices.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Materials
13、 and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu
14、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Instititute (ANSI) 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
15、United States.7. Conditioning7.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the materialunder evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,normal, and desirable, then condition the test specimens at 236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for notless than 24 h prior to test.
16、7.2 See Practice D 4332 for guidance on conditioning prac-tices.8. Procedure8.1 Review applicable specifications, drawings, or proce-dures. Specify unit of measure to be used and directions relatedto precision requirements (for example, measure to nearest0.0001 in., round up or down to nearest 1 m,
17、to 0.0001 in., andso forth).8.2 Clean the micrometer contact area (foot and anvil).8.3 Verify that the micrometer reads 0.0 m (0.0000 in.)when no specimen is present.8.4 Place sample to be measured between the gage foot andanvil. The foot and anvil must be maintained in a parallel state.The sample m
18、ust be placed such that the measurement locationis parallel to the gage foot and anvil. The sample should lay flatand smooth without wrinkles, creases or folds. Material shouldnot be under tension when measured.8.5 Release foot and allow reading to stabilize.8.6 Read thickness on gauge readout or fa
19、ce.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Lot number and source of material, date, time, loca-tion and operator of test and complete identification of mate-rials being tested,9.1.2 Any conditioning of the materials,9.1.3 The apparatus used to measure the thickness, includ-ing the foot s
20、ize and foot pressure, and9.1.4 Any and all deviations from standard.9.1.5 The sampling plan and number of specimens testedalong with test results should at a minimum include mean,range and standard deviation.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionA research report5describes a round robinconducted in 2
21、002 in accordance with Practice E 691, involv-ing seven laboratories measuring eight specimens. Ten differ-ent pieces of equipment were used to collect information.Equipment used and foot sizes are listed in Table 1. Measure-ments taken included use of micrometers in 0.0001 in. divi-sions. Statistic
22、al summaries of repeatability (within a labora-tory) and reproducibility (between laboratories) are listed inTables 2 and 3. All test results are expressed in SI units ofmeasure.10.2 Concept of “r” and “R”inTables 2 and 3If Srand SRhave been calculated from a large enough body of data, and fortest r
23、esults that are averages from three tests on one specimenfor each test result, then the following applies:10.3 Repeatability “r” is the interval representing the criti-cal difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on thesame day
24、in the same laboratory. Two test results shall bejudged to be not equivalent if they differ by more than the “r”value for that material.10.4 Reproducibility “R” is the interval representing thecritical difference between two test results for the samematerial, obtained by different operators using di
25、fferent equip-ment in different laboratories, not necessarily on the same day.Two test results shall be judged to be not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “R” value for that material.10.5 Any judgment in accordance with 10.3 or 10.4 willhave approximately 95 % (0.95) probability of being cor
26、rect.10.6 BiasBias gage measures to 0.0736 mm (2.94 mils)per NIST calibration testing. Micrometer measurements col-lected to 0.1 mils precision. Analysis is based upon a 2.9 miltarget. The chart in Fig. 1 does not indicate a consistent bias.11. Keywords11.1 dimension; micrometer; thickness measureme
27、nt5A research report is available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR: F021018.TABLE 1 Description of Equipment used in Round Robin StudiesNOTEForce ranges from instruments are specified from 10 to 150 g.Exceptions include bench top model at 15.875 mm (0.625 in.) rated at 7.3psi with a d
28、ead weight load of 1033 g and 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) handheld israted at a force between 600 to 1000 g.Diameter Foot Size,mmFoot Size,in.Type Make4.7752 0.188 Bench Mitutuoyo4.7752 0.188 Bench Mitutuoyo4.7752 0.188 Bench Mitutuoyo6.35 0.250 Handheld Mitutuoyo6.35 0.250 Bench Mitutuoyo9.525 0.375 Bench O
29、no Sokki9.525 0.375 Handheld Precision Material9.525 0.375 Handheld Mitutuoyo15.875 0.625 Bench TMIF225103e12TABLE 2 Summary of Interlaboratory Results by Measurement SetPartAvg ThicknessRepeatability,Std Dev, srReproducibility,Std Dev, sR95 % Repeatability,Limit, r95 % Reproducibility,Limit, Rmm mi
30、ls mm mils mm mils mm mils mm milsG: 0.48 mil PET 0.012954 0.5100 0.001008 0.0397 0.002197 0.0865 0.00282 0.1111 0.006152 0.2422A: 2 mil PE 0.053679 2.1133 0.000881 0.0347 0.002691 0.1059 0.00247 0.0971 0.007534 0.2966B: 2.5 mil PET/PE 0.06405 2.5217 0.000489 0.0192 0.001915 0.0754 0.00137 0.0539 0.
31、005361 0.2111H: 2.94 mil Calibration Feeler Gage 0.074083 2.9167 0.001316 0.0518 0.00152 0.0598 0.00369 0.1451 0.004255 0.1675F: 42# Uncoated Medical Paper 0.090678 3.5700 0.000733 0.0289 0.001943 0.0765 0.00205 0.0808 0.00544 0.2142D: 4.2 mil PET/PE/FOIL/PE 0.10994 4.3283 0.000811 0.0319 0.001966 0
32、.0774 0.00227 0.0894 0.005505 0.2167E: Uncoated 1073B Tyvek 0.143722 5.6583 0.00164 0.0645 0.009781 0.3851 0.00459 0.1807 0.027387 1.0782C: 10 mil EVA/SURLYN/EVA 0.260181 10.2433 0.001222 0.0481 0.002596 0.1022 0.00342 0.1347 0.007268 0.2862Average 0.001069 0.0421 0.004001 0.1575 0.00299 0.1178 0.01
33、1204 0.4411TABLE 3 Summary of Interlaboratory Averaged ResultsRepeatability (within a laboratory)standard deviation (sr)0.001069 mm (0.0421 mils)95 % repeatability limit (r) 0.00299 mm (0.1178 mils)Reproducibility (between laboratories)standard deviation (sR)0.004001 mm (0.1575 mils)95 % reproducibi
34、lity limit (R) 0.011204 mm (0.4411 mils)FIG. 1F225103e13ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent
35、 rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either
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37、ring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F225103e14
