1、Designation: F2851 10Standard Practice forUAS Registration and Marking (Excluding Small UnmannedAircraft Systems)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice prescribes guidelines for the display ofmarks to indicate appropriate UAS registration and ownershipfo
3、r all Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) except those cat-egorized as small UAS (sUAS) by regulatory authorities. TheFAA is developing a Special Federal Aviation Regulation(SFAR) to define the term small UAS and provide regulationsfor these aircraft.1.2 This practice will allow determination of nationa
4、lity incases where UAS may cross international boundaries.1.3 This practice does not apply to sUAS. The InternationalCivil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has left the designation ofsUAS to each state and the states will develop rules andregulations for sUAS.1.4 This practice does not apply to model ai
5、rcraft.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refer
6、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2395 Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations:314 CFR 45 Identification and registration marking14 CFR 47 Aircraft registration2.3 Other Standard:Annex 7 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation-Aircraft Nationality and Re
7、gistration Marks43. Terminology3.1 No new terminology required. See Terminology F2395for terminology relating to unmanned aircraft systems.4. Significance and Use4.1 Aircraft flying in national airspace are required by theICAO Chicago Convention and national regulatory rules tohave visible markings
8、to determine nationality and registration.UAS shall comply with these rules, although small UAS willhave unique rules or exemptions from existing rules due totheir small size. This standard is designed to allow UAS tocomply with these marking requirements in Annex 7 to theConvention on International
9、 CivilAviation as amended by stateregulatory rules.4.2 Many ICAO states are assigning UAS to differentclasses and categories to define the rules UAS must operateunder. The ICAO Annex 7 Standards and RecommendedPractices (SARPS) apply to UASAircraft with the exception ofsmall UAS. The classification
10、of what constitutes a small UAS(sUAS) has been left to ICAO states and the rules under whichsUAS operate are dictated by each state.4.3 This practice follows ICAO Annex 7 SARPS except inareas where the unique aspects of UAS may not allowcompliance. In these cases, this document will address theissue
11、 and recommend the need for an alternate compliancemethod.5. Location of Nationality, Common, and RegistrationMarks5.1 GeneralAnnex 7 to the Convention on InternationalCivil Aviation contains the standards and recommended prac-tices for the registration and marking of aircraft. Signatures tothe Chic
12、ago convention must abide by these SARPS unless anexception is taken for individual states on any part of Annex 7.These exceptions can be found in the supplement to Annex 7.5.2 Annex 7 applies to unmanned aircraft systems with theexception of those declared small UAS by national regulatoryauthoritie
13、s.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on UnmannedAircraft Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.01 onAirworthiness.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F2851-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM web
14、site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop:
15、SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Univer-sity Street, Montral, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada, http:/www.icao.int/index.html.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
16、2959, United States.5.3 Regulatory authorities will develop national proceduresfor small UAS.6. Identification Plate Exception6.1 An aircraft shall carry an identification plate inscribedwith at least its nationality or common mark and registrationmark. The plate shall be made of fireproof metal or
17、otherfireproof material of suitable physical properties and shall besecured to the aircraft in a prominent position near the entrancedoor. Since UAS may not have an entrance door, it isrecommended that the identification plate shall be placed in aprominent position on the UAS near the entrance to th
18、epayload bay, in the payload bay or other compartment but mustbe easily accessible.7. Keywords7.1 International Civil Aviation Organization; nationalitymarkings; registration and marking; UAS; unmanned aircraftsystemsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. UNITED STATES RULES ON MARKING AND REGISTRATION OF
19、AIRCRAFT TO INCLUDE UNMANNED AIRCRAFTSYSTEMSNOTE A1.1The United States regulations for marking and registrationof aircraft are contained 14 CFR 45 (SubPart C) and 14 CFR 47. Theapplicable portions of these regulations will apply to all classes of UASexcept those designated small UAS by the regulator
20、y authority (FAA) dueto their small size and limited capabilities.A1.1 Nationality and Registration MarksA1.1.1 General:A1.1.1.1 14 CFR Part 45 Subpart CNationality andRegistration marks regulations shall apply to both manned andunmanned aircraft with the exception of small UAS and inconditions wher
21、e UAS cannot comply with existing regula-tions. In these cases, the UAS manufacturer should contact theFederal Aviation Administration for an exemption.A1.1.1.2 14 CFR Part 47Aircraft registration regulationsshall apply to both manned and unmanned aircraft with theexception of small UAS and in condi
22、tions where UAS cannotcomply with existing regulations. In these cases, the UASmanufacturer should contact the Federal Aviation Administra-tion (FAA) for an exemption.A1.2 Exceptions to Nationality and Registration MarksA1.2.1 General:A1.2.1.1 No person may operate a U.S.-registered un-manned aircra
23、ft system unless that aircraft displays nationalityand registration marks in accordance with the requirements ofthis section or receives an exemption from the FAA. UASabove the sUAS category but smaller than most aircraft mayrequire exemptions due to their small size.A1.2.1.2 Aircraft nationality an
24、d registration marks must:(1) Be painted on the aircraft or affixed by any other meansinsuring a similar degree of permanence;(2) Have no ornamentation;(3) Contrast in color with the background; and(4) Be legible.A1.2.2 Location of Marks on Fixed Wing Aircraft:A1.2.2.1 The operator of a fixed-wing a
25、ircraft shall displaythe required marks on either the vertical tail surfaces or thesides of the fuselage.A1.2.2.2 The marks shall be displayed as follows:(1) If displayed on the vertical tail surfaces, horizontally onboth surfaces, horizontally on both surfaces of a single verticaltail or on the out
26、er surfaces of a multivertical tail. However, onaircraft on which marks at least 3 inches high may bedisplayed, the marks may be displayed vertically on thevertical tail surfaces.(2) If displayed on the fuselage surfaces, horizontally onboth sides of the fuselage between the trailing edge of the win
27、gand the leading edge of the horizontal stabilizer. However, ifengine pods or other appurtenances are located in this area andare an integral part of the fuselage side surfaces, the operatormay place the marks on those pods or appurtenances.(3) If either one of the surfaces authorized for displaying
28、required marks is large enough for display of marks meetingthe size requirements of this section and the other is not, fullsize marks shall be placed on the larger surface. If neithersurface is large enough for full-size marks, marks as large aspracticable shall be displayed on the larger of the two
29、 surfaces.If no surface authorized to be marked is large enough forfull-size marks, marks as large as practicable shall be placed onthe largest of the authorized surfaces.F2851 102ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item m
30、entionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committ
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32、ing of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
33、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2851 103
