1、Designation: F2959 14Standard Practice forSpecial Requirements for Aerial Adventure Courses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes criteria for the Design,Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Auditingand Major Modification of Aer
3、ial Adventure Courses whichoccur(s) after the effective date of publication of this documentexcept as noted in 1.3.1.2 This practice applies to the following devices whenoperated for concession or commercial recreation.1.2.1 Zip Lines.1.2.2 Ropes Courses.1.2.3 Challenge Courses.1.2.4 Aerial Trekking
4、 Courses.1.2.5 Canopy Tours.1.3 This practice shall not apply to the following:1.3.1 Aerial Adventure Courses when operated exclusivelyunder the following applications:1.3.1.1 Educational curriculum.1.3.1.2 Physical fitness purposes.1.3.1.3 Organized competitive events.1.3.1.4 Therapeutic programs.1
5、.3.1.5 Training purposes.1.3.1.6 Team and confidence building.1.3.1.7 Playground equipment covered by Consumer SafetyPerformance Specification F1487.1.3.2 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteriaare specifically addressed in another ASTM standard.1.3.3 Portions of an Aerial Adventure Course
6、 unaffected bya major modification.1.3.4 Upgrades to electrical wiring, electrical motors andelectrical components of Aerial Adventure Courses providedthe original design and safety criteria are maintained orenhanced.1.3.5 Pre-existing designs forAerialAdventure Courses thatare installed after the p
7、ublication date of this practice if thedesign is service proven or previously compliant as specifiedby 1.3.5.1.1.3.5.1 Aerial Adventure Course designs may qualify as“previously compliant” for five years following the date ofpublication of this practice. Thereafter, an Aerial AdventureCourse design m
8、ust qualify as “service proven” as defined inPractice F2291 or meet the requirements of this practice.1.4 This practice includes an annex (mandatory), whichprovides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and soforth) to improve the users und
9、erstanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The annex informationshall be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.1.5 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory),which provides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, drawings, com
10、mentary, and soforth.) to improve the users understanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The appendix informa-tion shall not be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
11、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specifichazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F747 Ter
12、minology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-vicesF770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, andInspection of Amusement Rides and DevicesF846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Ridesand Devices (Withdrawn 2013)3F893 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and Devices(Withdrawn 2013)3F119
13、3 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Constructionof Amusement Rides and Devices1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.60 onSpecial Rides/Attractions.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Pu
14、blished June 2014. Originallyapproved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2959 12. DOI:10.1520/F2959-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer
15、 to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specifica
16、tion for Play-ground Equipment for Public UseF1772 Specification for Harnesses for Rescue, Safety, andSport ActivitiesF1957 Test Method for Composite Foam Hardness-Durometer HardnessF2137 Practice for Measuring the Dynamic Characteristicsof Amusement Rides and DevicesF2291 Practice for Design ofAmus
17、ement Rides and DevicesF2375 Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation andTesting of Climbing Nets and Netting/Mesh used inAmusement Rides, Devices, Play Areas and Attractions2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI B77 Passenger Ropeways - Aerial Tramways, AerialLifts, Surface Lifts, Tows and Conveyors - Safe
18、ty Re-quirementsANSI Z359 Fall Protection Code2.3 European Standard:5EN 12277 Mountaineering equipment - Harnesses - Safetyrequirements and test methods2.4 NFPA Standard:6NFPA 1983 Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipmentfor Emergency Services2.5 UIAA Standard:7UIAA 105 Mountaineering and Climbing
19、 Equipment: Har-nesses3. Terminology3.1 Terminology shall be in accordance with TerminologyF747.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aerial trekking course, nself-guided aerial adventurecourse containing elements intended to be obstacles.3.2.2 canopy tour, naerial adventure cours
20、e which pro-vides patron access to the canopy of a forest.3.2.3 challenge course, nguided aerial adventure coursecontaining elements intended to be obstacles.3.2.4 ropes course, nsynonym for a challenge course.3.2.5 zip line, nan aerial adventure course element over anopen span consisting of an incl
21、ined wire or fiber rope on whichharnessed patron(s) suspended from a pulley or trolley are ableto traverse with the primary force for propulsion being gravity.4. Significance and Use4.1 The rational for developing a separate standard practiceforAerialAdventure Courses is based on the unique function
22、al,operational and patron participation requirements when com-pared to amusement rides and devices.4.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide designers,manufacturers, constructors, system integrators, owners/operators, and auditors with criteria and references for use inthe design, manufacture,
23、construction, installation, integration,operation, maintenance, auditing, and major modification ofAerial Adventure Courses.4.3 Unless this practice expressly provides otherwise in aparticular provision, the term “Aerial Adventure Course” is tobe used in place of “Amusement Rides and Devices” herein
24、.5. Owner/Operator Requirements5.1 Ownership, operation, maintenance and inspection re-quirements for Aerial Adventure Courses shall be in accor-dance with Practice F770 with the following exceptions andinclusions:5.1.1 Substitute the word “patron” for “passenger” whenused.5.1.2 Include in Practice
25、F770 Section 4, Subsection 4.1.1The Owner/Operator shall also consider environmental condi-tion(s) including but not limited to wind, rain, ice, andlightning when developing operating procedures.5.1.3 Practice F770 Section 4, Subsection 4.1Replace“Manufacturer” with “Designer/Engineer, Manufacturer
26、andTraining Entity.”5.1.4 Practice F770 Section 4, Subsection 4.1.1, shall alsoinclude the operation policies and procedures with pertinentinformation from the Designer/Engineer, Manufacturer andTraining Entity.5.1.5 Practice F770 Section 4, Section 4.1.2Specificemergency procedures in the event of
27、an abnormal condition oran interruption of service shall include an access plan forperforming evacuation, first aid and ground care of evacuatedpatrons.5.1.6 Practice F770 Section 4, Subsection 4.1.4.4 shall bereplaced with the following:5.1.6.1 Prior to carrying patrons, the Course shall be in-spec
28、ted and tested per the Designer/Engineer, Manufacturerand Training Entitys requirements.5.1.7 Practice F770 Section 4Add the following:5.1.7.1 Documentation Retention RequirementsMaterialand quality conformance certifications and documentation asrequired by the Designer/Engineer as outlined in Pract
29、iceF2291 or provided by Manufacturers requirements as outlinedin Practice F1193, or both, must be retained during the lifecycle of the of the Aerial Adventure Course.5.1.7.2 The owner/operator shall develop a document reten-tion policy for pertinent records including, but not limited totraining and
30、inspection records.5.1.8 Practice F770 Section 5, Subsection 5.1 shall bereplaced with the following:5.1.8.1 There are inherent risks in the participation in or onany Aerial Adventure Course which require appropriate patronawareness, participation, physical ability and dexterity. Patronsof Aerial Ad
31、venture Courses by participating, accept the risksinherent in such participation of which the ordinary prudentperson is or should be aware. Patrons have a duty to exercisegood judgment and act in a responsible manner while in or on4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 4
32、3rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.6Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.
33、org.7Available from International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation (UIAA),61 Postfach CH-3000 Bern 23 Switzerland, http:/www.theuiaa.org/index.php.F2959 142any Aerial Adventure Course, and to obey all oral or writtenwarnings, or both, prior to or during participation.5.1.9 Practice F770 Subsec
34、tion 6.1 shall include the follow-ing:5.1.9.1 Replace “Manufacturer” with “Designer/Engineer,Manufacturer and Training Entity.”5.1.9.2 When one or more live tree(s) are utilized in anAerial Adventure Course, qualified person(s) shall perform anarboricultural inspection to determine that the tree(s)
35、arehealthy and suitable for the intended use and that the originaldesign intent is maintained. The inspections shall be per-formed:(1) At a frequency of not less than once per year,(2) After the occurrence of any significant environmentalevent, such as hurricane, tornado, lightning, ice storms,earth
36、quake, flooding or drought,(3) After any change in surrounding environment thatcould alter the health and integrity of the trees utilized, such asremoval of adjacent trees or development of adjoiningproperties,(4) Physical damage such as a major limb failure, whenthere is a change in the visible hea
37、lth of the tree or canopy, orboth, due to disease or insect infestation.5.1.9.3 Practice F770 Section 6, Subsection 6.3.8Thecourse shall be tested per the Designer/Engineer, Manufacturerand Training Entitys requirements.5.1.9.4 Practice F770 Subsection 8.3Replace “Manufac-turer” with “Designer/Engin
38、eer, Manufacturer and TrainingEntity.”5.1.9.5 When developing the check lists as described inSubsection 6.1, the following terms are to be defined asfollows:(1) InspectionVisual procedure.(2) TestFunctional check.(3) Quantitative Measurement or AnalysisUse of equip-ment to measure or analyze.(4) Dia
39、gnosisDecision or conclusion based on data com-piled from an inspection, test, quantitative measurement oranalysis, or a combination thereof.6. Testing Performance6.1 Testing performance shall be in accordance with GuideF846.7. Auditing7.1 Auditing requirements shall be in accordance withGuide F893.
40、8. Quality, Manufacture, and Construction Requirements8.1 Quality, manufacture, and construction shall be in ac-cordance with Practice F1193.9. Testing Composite Foam9.1 Testing Composite Foam shall be in accordance withTest Method F1957.10. Measuring Dynamic Characteristics10.1 Measuring Dynamic Ch
41、aracteristics shall be in accor-dance with Practice F2137.11. Design Requirements11.1 Design of Aerial Adventure Courses shall be in accor-dance with Practice F2291 with the following exceptions andinclusions:11.1.1 Practice F2291 Section 5.1.1.2 Patron ClearanceEnvelope AnalysisShall include the Pa
42、trons effects on thedynamics within the Aerial Adventure Course in accordancewith 11.1.2.11.1.2 Practice F2291 Section 5.1.1: Ride AnalysisTheride analysis shall consider the Patronseffects on the dynamicswithin the Aerial Adventure Course including but not limitedto:11.1.2.1 Patron orientation.11.1
43、.2.2 Patron consciousness.11.1.2.3 Patron behaviors.11.1.3 Practice F2291 Section 5.1.3Shall include but notbe limited to the following:11.1.3.1 The deceleration and arrest of patrons arriving atlanding zones shall be performed in a controlled manner.11.1.3.2 Environmental factors including humidity
44、,precipitation, temperature and the wind effects on patronvelocity.11.1.4 Practice F2291 Section 5.5.3Documentation sup-plied to the buyer, owner, or operator shall be complete andadequate for proper installation, maintenance, inspection, andoperation of the amusement ride, device, or major modifica
45、-tion. The documentation shall include, but not limited to thefollowing:11.1.4.1 Daily pre-operational inspection. Prior to operatingthe course with patrons, a daily inspection shall be conductedwhich shall include, but not be limited to the following:(1) Perform a visual inspection for the followin
46、g compo-nents of the course, as applicable:(a) Platforms, stairways, pathways, ramps, support struc-tures and trees included in and directly adjacent to the course.(b) Course restraint and zipline hardware including rope,attachment hardware and anchor system.(c) Counterweight or other tension contro
47、l system compo-nents such as cylinders or carriages shall have sufficient travelto operate as intended.(d) Personal safety equipment such as harnesses, lanyard,carabineers, pulleys/trolleys and etc.(e) Patron clearance envelope.(2) Verify proper operation of the following, as applicable:(a) Specifie
48、d manual and automatic Patron control equip-ment.(b) Specified safety related control system components.(c) Braking systems.(d) Communication systems.(3) Ensure access routes and platforms are clear of ice andsnow to the extent necessary to permit inspection and opera-tion.11.1.4.2 Maintenance Inspe
49、ction RequirementsThe in-spection criteria requirements, frequency and retirement crite-ria shall be developed for the following components:(1) Wire RopeWire rope shall be subject to detailedvisual inspection at regularly established intervals based onusage, but not to exceed one year by a qualified wire ropeF2959 143inspector, or immediately after any event possibly affecting theintegrity of the wire rope. The following items shall beconsidered in determining the continued use of the wire rope:(a) Broken wires.(b) Displaced or loose wire.(c) Physi
