1、Designation: F3188 16Standard Specification forExtractable Hazardous Metals in Synthetic Turf InfillMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification relates to the amount of certain metalsthat have the potential to be extracted from synthetic turf in
3、fillmaterials if ingested. The time, temperature, and pH of theextraction fluid approximate the conditions the infill materialwould experience in the stomach during the digestive process.The levels of extractable metals are compared to maximumlevels allowed in childrens toys.1.2 This specification a
4、pplies to all materials (man-made ornatural) that are intended for use as infill materials for syntheticturf sports surfaces.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all o
5、f thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for
6、 Reagent WaterF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF2075 Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as aPlayground Safety Surface Under andAround PlaygroundEquipmentF3012 Specification for Loose-Fill Rubber for Use as aPlayground Safety Surface under and around PlaygroundEquipment2.
7、2 European Standard:3EN 71-3:2013 Safety of toys Part 3: Migration of certainelements2.3 U.S. EPA Standards and Methods:4EPA Method 6010B Inductively Coupled Plasma-AtomicEmission Spectrometry; SW 846, Test Methods for Evalu-ating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical MethodsEPA Method 7470A Mercury in Liq
8、uid Waste (ManualCold-Vapor Technique); SW 846, Test Methods for Evalu-ating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 hazardous metal, nmetal that could have the poten-tial to cause harm to humans.3.1.2 infill material, nany material added to a syntheticturf fabric t
9、o provide shock attenuation, ballast, or otherfunctions as part of the synthetic turf system.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Hazardous Metal ContentWhen the infill sample isanalyzed using the procedure described in 10.4 (including thecorrection for statistical errors as described in 10.6) themaximum
10、content of hazardous metals shall not exceed thelevel shown in Table 1.TEST METHODS5. Summary of Test Method5.1 The synthetic turf infill soluble hazardous metal contentis determined using a procedure contained in Consumer SafetySpecification F963. This procedure simulates the situation inwhich synt
11、hetic turf infill material remains in contact withstomach acid for a period of time after swallowing. Theresultant solution is analyzed for mercury content using EPAMethod 7470A and for the other hazardous metals using EPAMethod 6010B.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F
12、08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. DOI: 10.1520/F3188-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
13、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.4Avai
14、lable from United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA), WilliamJefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,http:/www.epa.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Sampling6.1 The labor
15、atory sample of infill material is a representa-tive sample of at least 100 g collected from a synthetic turf fieldor from a super sack or infill container.7. Significance and Use7.1 This test method is based on subsection 8.3 of ConsumerSafety Specification F963, which specifies a test procedure to
16、determine the amount of hazardous metals that have thepotential to be present in toys and handled or ingested bychildren. Since it is possible for users of synthetic turf playingsurfaces to handle or ingest particles of synthetic turf infillmaterials, it is necessary to determine the level of hazard
17、ousmetals in the synthetic turf infill materials. The limits ofhazardous metals used in this specification are based on thosespecified in Consumer Safety Specification F963, adjusted forstatistical error correction factor as described in ConsumerSafety Specification F963.8. Apparatus8.1 pH Meter, ac
18、curate to 0.2 pH units.8.2 Membrane Filter, having a pore size of 0.45 m.8.3 Centrifuge, capable of achieving 5000 6 500 rpm.8.4 A means to constantly agitate the mixture at a tempera-ture of 37 6 2C.8.5 Container, of gross volume between 1.6 and 5.0 timesthat of the volume of the hydrochloric acid
19、extractant (see10.2).9. Reagents9.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are avai
20、lable.5Other grades are permitted,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening of the accuracyof the determination.9.2 Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.08 mol/L.9.3 Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 2.0 mol/L.9.4 Purity of WaterUnless oth
21、erwise indicated, referenceto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type 3 of Specification D1193.10. Procedure10.1 From the laboratory sample (6.1) of infill material,select a test portion of at least 100 mg10.2 Mix the test portion with 50 times its mass of anaqueous solutio
22、n of 0.08-mol/L hydrochloric acid at 37 6 2C.Shake for 1 min.10.3 Measure the pH of the mixture. If the pH is greater than1.5, add drop-wise while shaking an aqueous solution of 2mol/L (7.3 %) hydrochloric acid until the pH is between 1.0and 1.5. Protect the mixture from light. Continuously shake th
23、emixture for 1 h and allow to stand for1hatatemperature of37 6 2C.NOTE 1It has been shown that the extraction of soluble cadmium canincrease two to five times when extraction is conducted in the light ratherthan in the dark.10.4 Without delay, separate the solids from the mixture byfiltering through
24、 a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.45 m.If necessary, centrifuge at 5000 6 500 rpm for no longer than10 min. Analyze the solution using EPA Methods 7470A and6010B to determine the present of the elements listed in Table1.10.5 If it is not possible to analyze the sample within oneworking day, s
25、tabilize by the addition of hydrochloric acid(HCl) so that the solution is approximately 1 mol/L of HCl;then proceed with EPA Methods 7470A and 6010B.10.6 The analytical results as determined in 10.4 and 10.5shall be adjusted by subtracting the analytical correction factorin Table 2 as shown in exam
26、ples in 10.7. This is necessary tomake statistical correction for interlaboratory error.10.7 Example of Calculations Using Table 2:10.7.1 Example 1The analytical result for lead is 120mg/L; the correction factor from Table 2 is 30 % (0.30).Adjusted analytical results = 120 (120 0.30) = 120 36 =84 mg
27、/L. The result does not exceed the value for lead in Table1 and is therefore acceptable.10.7.2 Example 2The analytical result for chromium is 90mg/L; the correction factor from Table 2 is 30 % (0.30).5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington,
28、DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.TABLE 1 Maximum S
29、oluble Migrated Element in ppm (mg/kg)NOTE 1Information in this table taken from Consumer Safety Specification F963.Element Antimony Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Lead Mercury SeleniumSb As Ba Cd Cr Pb Hg Se60 25 1000 75 60 90 60 500TABLE 2 Analytical CorrectionsElement Sb As Ba Cd Cr Pb Hg SeAnal
30、yticalcorrection, %60 60 30 30 30 30 50 60F3188 162Adjusted analytical result = 90 (90 0.30) = 90 0.27 = 63mg/L. The result exceeds the allowed value for chromium inTable 1 and therefore is not acceptable.10.8 ReportReport the analytical result for the elementslisted in Table 1, adjusted for statist
31、ical correction followingthe procedure discussed in 10.6.11. Keywords11.1 hazardous metal; synthetic turf; synthetic turf infillASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
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