1、Designation: G115 10Standard Guide forMeasuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers information to assist in the selectionof a method for measuring the frictional properties of materi-als. Requirements for minimum
3、 data and a format for present-ing these data are suggested. The use of the suggested reportingform will increase the long-term usefulness of the test resultswithin a given laboratory and will facilitate the exchange oftest results between laboratories. It is hoped that the use of auniform reporting
4、 format will provide the basis for the prepa-ration of handbooks and computerized databases.1.2 This guide applies to most solid materials and to mostfriction measuring techniques and test equipment.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement a
5、re included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
6、prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C808 Guide for Reporting Friction and Wear Test Results ofManufactured Carbon and Graphite Bearing and SealMaterialsC1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficientof Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by theHorizontal Dyn
7、amometer Pull-Meter MethodD1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients ofFriction of Plastic Film and SheetingD2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction ofPolish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by theJames MachineD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing ofWood and Woo
8、d-Base Finish FlooringD2534 Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction forWax CoatingsD2714 Test Method for Calibration and Operation of theFalex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing MachineD3108 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn toSolid MaterialD3412 Test Method for Coefficient
9、of Friction, Yarn to YarnD3702 Test Method for Wear Rate and Coefficient ofFriction of Materials in Self-Lubricated Rubbing ContactUsing a Thrust Washer Testing MachineD4103 Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces forCoefficient of Friction TestingD4917 Test Method for Coefficient of Static a
10、nd KineticFriction of Uncoated Writing and Printing Paper by Use ofthe Horizontal Plane Method3D4918 Test Method for Coefficient of Static Friction ofUncoated Writing and Printing Paper by Use of theInclined Plane Method3D5183 Test Method for Determination of the Coefficient ofFriction of Lubricants
11、 Using the Four-Ball Wear TestMachineD6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Prop-erties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils UsingSRV Test MachineE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or ProcessE303 Te
12、st Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Prop-erties Using the British Pendulum TesterE670 Test Method for Testing Side Force Friction on PavedSurfaces Using the Mu-MeterE1911 Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface FrictionalProperties Using the Dynamic Friction TesterE2100 Practice for Calculati
13、ng the International RunwayFriction IndexE2101 Test Method for Measuring the Frictional Propertiesof Winter Contaminated Pavement Surfaces Using anAveraging-Type Spot Measuring DecelerometerF609 Test Method for Using a Horizontal Pull Slipmeter(HPS)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commi
14、ttee G02 on Wear andErosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.50 on Friction.Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published October 2010. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition was approved in 2004 as G11504. DOI:10.1520/G0115-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
15、 the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Co
16、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F695 Practice for Ranking of Test Data Obtained for Mea-surement of Slip Resistance of Footwear Sole, Heel, andRelated MaterialsF732 Test Method for Wear Testing of Polymeric MaterialsUsed
17、 in Total Joint ProsthesesG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and ErosionG77 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Materials toSliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear TestG99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-DiskApparatusG133 Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-FlatSliding WearG137 T
18、est Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastic Mate-rials to Sliding Wear Using a Block-On-Ring Configura-tionG143 Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller FrictionCharacteristicsG163 Guide for Digital Data Acquisition in Wear andFriction MeasurementsG164 Test Method for Determination of Surface Lubr
19、ica-tion on Flexible WebsG176 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastics toSliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear TestCumulative Wear MethodG181 Practice for Conducting Friction Tests of Piston Ringand Cylinder Liner Materials Under Lubricated ConditionsG182 Test Method for Determination of the B
20、reakawayFriction Characteristics of Rolling Element BearingsG194 Test Method for Measuring Rolling Friction Charac-teristics of a Spherical Shape on a Flat Horizontal Plane3. Terminology3.1 For definitions relating to frictional properties of mate-rials, refer to Terminology G40.3.2 Definitions:3.2.
21、1 stick-slip, nrelaxation oscillation usually associatedwith a decrease in the coefficient of friction as the relativevelocity increases.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe usual manifestation is a cyclingdecrease and subsequent increase in the friction force as slidingproceeds (Fig. 1).4. Summary of Guide4.1 Cur
22、rent ASTM International friction test standards aretabulated in this guide so that users can review available testmethods and determine which method may be most applicablefor a particular application. Any of the listed tests or otheraccepted test may be used. General friction testing precautionsare
23、cited and a prescribed method of recording friction data isrecommended. This guide is intended to promote the use of thisstandard reporting system and standard friction test methods.4.2 The use of one of the test methods (Table 1) cited in thisguide will give assurance of a testing procedure that ha
24、s beenagreed-to for a particular application. In addition, it is impor-tant to keep in mind that friction is a system property. Thecoefficient of friction of polystyrene on mild steel measured ona sled test (Test Method D1894) will probably be different thanthe coefficient of the same couple measure
25、d on a block-on-ringtester (Test Method G176) since the coeffcient of friction is asystem effect.4.3 Data developed by others can be useful if sufficientinformation is presented to characterize the tribosystem used intesting. Conformance with this guide in testing and reportingshould produce data th
26、at can be reviewed for applicability to aparticular tribosystem.5. Significance and Use5.1 In this guide, factors that shall be considered in con-ducting a valid test for the determination of the coefficient offriction of a tribosystem are covered, and the use of a standardreporting format for frict
27、ion data is encouraged.5.2 The factors that are important for a valid test may not beobvious to non-tribologists, and the friction tests referencedwill assist in selecting the apparatus and test technique that ismost appropriate to simulate a tribosystem of interest.5.3 The tribology literature is r
28、eplete with friction data thatcannot readily be used by others because specifics are notpresented on the tribosystem that was used to develop the data.The overall goal of this guide is to provide a reporting formatthat will enable computer databases to be readily established.These databases can be s
29、earched for material couples andtribosystems of interest. Their use will significantly reduce theneed for each laboratory to do its own testing. Sufficientinformation on test conditions will be available to determineapplicability of the friction data to the engineers specificneeds.6. Apparatus6.1 An
30、y of the devices shown schematically in Table 1 canbe used to measure the friction forces in a sliding system. Weartest machines are often equipped with sensors to measurefriction forces also. The appropriate device to use is the onethat closely simulates a tribosystem of interest.6.2 The key part o
31、f simulating a tribosystem is to usespecimen geometries that resemble the components in thesystem of interest. A continuous sliding system needs to besimulated by a continuous friction test; a reciprocating systemneeds to be simulated by a reciprocating test. Entry geometryand specimen alignment are
32、 especially important in lubricatetests. Similarly, the geometry (radius and so forth) of leadingedges and application of force are very important. They shouldbe like the application. Other important factors to simulate arenormal force (contact pressure), velocity, type of motion(reciprocating versu
33、s unidirectional), and environment. ForFIG. 1 Typical Force versus Distance Behavior for a System thatExhibits Stick-Slip BehaviorG115 102TABLE 1 ASTM Friction Tests and Applicable MaterialsStandard/Committee Title Measured Parameters Test ConfigurationC808/D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon andGraphite
34、ProductsGuide for Reporting Friction and WearTest Results of Manufactured Carbonand Graphite Bearing and SealMaterialsCarbon versus othermaterials(sand k)anyC1028/C21 on Ceramic Whitewares andRelated ProductsTest Method for Determining the StaticCoefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tileand Other Like
35、Surfaces by theHorizontal Dynamometer Pull-MeterMethodStatic COF wet and dryD1894/D20 on Plastics Test Method for Static and KineticCoefficients of Friction of Plastic Filmand SheetingPlastic film versus stiff orother solids(sand k)D2047/D21 on Polishes Test Method for Static Coefficient ofFriction
36、of Polish-Coated FlooringSurfaces as Measured by the JamesMachineWalking materials versusshoe heels and soles(sand k)D2394/D07 on Wood Test Methods for Simulated ServiceTesting of Wood and Wood-BaseFinish FlooringWood and wood baseflooring versus sole leather(sand k)G115103TABLE 1 ContinuedStandard/
37、Committee Title Measured Parameters Test ConfigurationD2534/D02 on Petroleum Products andLubricantsTest Method for Coefficient of KineticFriction for Wax CoatingsKinetic coefficient offrictionD2714/D02 on Petroleum Products andLubricantsTest Method for Calibration andOperation of the Falex Block-on-
38、RingFriction and Wear Testing MachineSteel ring versus steelblock (lubricated withstandard oil)(k)D3108/D13 on Textiles Test Method for Coefficient of Friction,Yarn to Solid MaterialTextile yarn versus solids(k)D3412/D13 on Textiles Test Method for Coefficient of Friction,Yarn to YarnContinuous fila
39、ment andspun yarns self-mated(sand k)D3702/D02 on Petroleum Products andLubricantsTest Method for Wear Rate andCoefficient of Friction of Materials inSelf-Lubricated Rubbing Contact Usinga Thrust Washer Testing MachineKinetic COFG115104TABLE 1 ContinuedStandard/Committee Title Measured Parameters Te
40、st ConfigurationD4103/D21 on Polishes Practice for Preparation of SubstrateSurfaces for Coefficient of FrictionTestingVinyl and wood tiles(preparation) anyD4917/D06 on Paper and Paper Products Test Method for Coefficient of Staticand Kinetic Friction of UncoatedWriting and Printing Paper by Use ofth
41、e Horizontal Plane Methodsand kD4918/D06 on Paper and Paper Products Test Method for Coefficient of StaticFriction of Uncoated Writing andPrinting Paper by Use of the InclinedPlane MethodStatic COFD5183/D02 on Petroleum Products andLubricantsTest Method for Determination of theCoefficient of Frictio
42、n of LubricantsUsing the Four-Ball Wear Test MachineCoefficient of force foreach increment of 10 kgfD6425/D02 on Petroleum Products andLubricantsTest Method for Measuring Friction andWear Properties of Extreme Pressure(EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV TestMachineCoefficient of friction fortest (min, m
43、ax, and atincrements throughout thetest)G115105TABLE 1 ContinuedStandard/Committee Title Measured Parameters Test ConfigurationE303/E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems Test Method for Measuring SurfaceFrictional Properties Using the BritishPendulum TesterRubber versus pavement(BPN British PendulumNumber
44、)E670/E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems Test Method for Testing Side ForceFriction on Paved Surfaces Using theMu-MeterTires versus pavementMu Number (F dry Fwet)E1911/E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems Test Method for Measuring PavedSurface Frictional Properties Using theDynamic Friction TesterDynamic fr
45、iction numbers(DNF) at 12, 24, 36, and48 mphE2100/E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems Practice for Calculating theInternational Runway Friction IndexFriction index for snow ona runwayG115106TABLE 1 ContinuedStandard/Committee Title Measured Parameters Test ConfigurationE2101/E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Syst
46、ems Test Method for Measuring the FrictionProperties of Winter ContaminatedPavement Surfaces Using anAveraging-Type Spot MeasuringDecelerometerFriction index forpavementF609/F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety andFootwearTest Method for Using a Horizontal PullSlipmeter (HPS)Footwear materials versuswal
47、king surfaces(s)Same as D2047F695/F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety andFootwearPractice for Ranking of Test DataObtained for Measurement of SlipResistance of Footwear Sole, Heel,and Related MaterialsFootwear materials versuswalking surfaces (reliableranking of footwear for slipresistance)(k)Same as D
48、2047F732/F04 on Medical and Surgical Materialsand DevicesTest Method for Wear Testing ofPolymeric Materials Used in Total JointProsthesesMaterials for human joints(k)G77/G02 on Wear and Erosion Test Method for Ranking Resistance ofMaterials to Sliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear Testsinitialkfinal
49、kfinalG99/G02 on Wear and Erosion Test Method for Wear Testing with aPin-on-Disk ApparatusCOFG133/G02 Wear and Erosion Test Method for Linearly ReciprocatingBall-on-Flat Sliding WearkSame as F732G115107TABLE 1 ContinuedStandard/Committee Title Measured Parameters Test ConfigurationG137/G02 Wear and Erosion Test Method for Ranking Resistance ofPlastic Materials to Sliding Wear Usinga Block-On-Ring ConfigurationkG143/G02 on Wear and Erosion Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller Friction CharacteristicsskG163/G02 on Wear and Erosion Guide for Dig
