1、Designation: G115 10 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forMeasuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers information to assist in the selectionof a method for measuring the frictional properties of materi-als. Requir
3、ements for minimum data and a format for present-ing these data are suggested. The use of the suggested reportingform will increase the long-term usefulness of the test resultswithin a given laboratory and will facilitate the exchange oftest results between laboratories. It is hoped that the use of
4、auniform reporting format will provide the basis for the prepa-ration of handbooks and computerized databases.1.2 This guide applies to most solid materials and to mostfriction measuring techniques and test equipment.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other unit
5、s of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regul
6、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C808 Guide for Reporting Friction and Wear Test Results ofManufactured Carbon and Graphite Bearing and SealMaterialsC1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient ofFriction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by
7、 theHorizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter MethodD1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients ofFriction of Plastic Film and SheetingD2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction ofPolish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by theJames MachineD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Test
8、ing of Woodand Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2534 Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction forWax CoatingsD2714 Test Method for Calibration and Operation of theFalex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing MachineD3108 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to SolidMaterialD3412 Test Metho
9、d for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to YarnD3702 Test Method for Wear Rate and Coefficient of Fric-tion of Materials in Self-Lubricated Rubbing ContactUsing a Thrust Washer Testing MachineD4103 Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces forCoefficient of Friction TestingD4917 Test Method for Coe
10、fficient of Static and KineticFriction of Uncoated Writing and Printing Paper by Use ofthe Horizontal Plane Method (Withdrawn 2010)3D4918 Test Method for Coefficient of Static Friction ofUncoated Writing and Printing Paper by Use of theInclined Plane Method (Withdrawn 2010)3D5183 Test Method for Det
11、ermination of the Coefficient ofFriction of Lubricants Using the Four-Ball Wear TestMachineD6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Prop-erties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils UsingSRV Test MachineE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the
12、Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum TesterE670 Test Method for Testing Side Force Friction on PavedSurfaces Using the Mu-MeterE1911 Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface FrictionalProperties Using t
13、he Dynamic Friction TesterE2100 Practice for Calculating the International RunwayFriction IndexE2101 Test Method for Measuring the Frictional Propertiesof Winter Contaminated Pavement Surfaces Using anAveraging-Type Spot Measuring Decelerometer1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、G02 on Wear andErosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.50 on Friction.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2013. Published November 2013. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition was approved in 2010 as G11510. DOI:10.1520/G0115-10R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
15、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM
16、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F609 Test Method for Using a Horizontal Pull Slipmeter(HPS)F695 Practice for Ranking of Test Data Obtained for Mea-surement of Slip Resistance of Footwear Sole, Heel, andRelated MaterialsF732 Test Meth
17、od for Wear Testing of Polymeric MaterialsUsed in Total Joint ProsthesesG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and ErosionG77 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Materials toSliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear TestG99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-DiskApparatusG133 Test Method for Linearl
18、y Reciprocating Ball-on-FlatSliding WearG137 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastic Mate-rials to Sliding Wear Using a Block-On-Ring Configura-tionG143 Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller FrictionCharacteristicsG163 Guide for Digital Data Acquisition in Wear andFriction MeasurementsG164
19、 Test Method for Determination of Surface Lubricationon Flexible WebsG176 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastics toSliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear TestCumulative Wear MethodG181 Test Method for Conducting Friction Tests of PistonRing and Cylinder Liner Materials Under LubricatedConditi
20、onsG182 Test Method for Determination of the BreakawayFriction Characteristics of Rolling Element BearingsG194 Test Method for Measuring Rolling Friction Charac-teristics of a Spherical Shape on a Flat Horizontal Plane3. Terminology3.1 For definitions relating to frictional properties ofmaterials, r
21、efer to Terminology G40.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 stick-slip, nrelaxation oscillation usually associatedwith a decrease in the coefficient of friction as the relativevelocity increases.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe usual manifestation is a cyclingdecrease and subsequent increase in the friction force as sliding
22、proceeds (Fig. 1).4. Summary of Guide4.1 Current ASTM International friction test standards aretabulated in this guide so that users can review available testmethods and determine which method may be most applicablefor a particular application. Any of the listed tests or otheraccepted test may be us
23、ed. General friction testing precautionsare cited and a prescribed method of recording friction data isrecommended. This guide is intended to promote the use of thisstandard reporting system and standard friction test methods.4.2 The use of one of the test methods (Table 1) cited in thisguide will g
24、ive assurance of a testing procedure that has beenagreed-to for a particular application. In addition, it is impor-tant to keep in mind that friction is a system property. Thecoefficient of friction of polystyrene on mild steel measured ona sled test (Test Method D1894) will probably be different th
25、anthe coefficient of the same couple measured on a block-on-ringtester (Test Method G176) since the coeffcient of friction is asystem effect.4.3 Data developed by others can be useful if sufficientinformation is presented to characterize the tribosystem used intesting. Conformance with this guide in
26、 testing and reportingshould produce data that can be reviewed for applicability to aparticular tribosystem.5. Significance and Use5.1 In this guide, factors that shall be considered in con-ducting a valid test for the determination of the coefficient offriction of a tribosystem are covered, and the
27、 use of a standardreporting format for friction data is encouraged.5.2 The factors that are important for a valid test may not beobvious to non-tribologists, and the friction tests referencedwill assist in selecting the apparatus and test technique that ismost appropriate to simulate a tribosystem o
28、f interest.5.3 The tribology literature is replete with friction data thatcannot readily be used by others because specifics are notpresented on the tribosystem that was used to develop the data.The overall goal of this guide is to provide a reporting formatthat will enable computer databases to be
29、readily established.These databases can be searched for material couples andtribosystems of interest. Their use will significantly reduce theneed for each laboratory to do its own testing. Sufficientinformation on test conditions will be available to determineapplicability of the friction data to th
30、e engineers specificneeds.6. Apparatus6.1 Any of the devices shown schematically in Table 1 canbe used to measure the friction forces in a sliding system. Weartest machines are often equipped with sensors to measurefriction forces also. The appropriate device to use is the onethat closely simulates
31、a tribosystem of interest.6.2 The key part of simulating a tribosystem is to usespecimen geometries that resemble the components in thesystem of interest. A continuous sliding system needs to besimulated by a continuous friction test; a reciprocating systemneeds to be simulated by a reciprocating te
32、st. Entry geometryFIG. 1 Typical Force versus Distance Behavior for a System thatExhibits Stick-Slip BehaviorG115 10 (2013)2TABLE1ASTMFrictionTestsandApplicableMaterialsStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationC808/D02.F0onManufacturedCarbonandGraphiteProductsGuideforReportingFricti
33、onandWearTestResultsofManufacturedCarbonandGraphiteBearingandSealMateri-alsCarbonversusothermate-rials (sandk)anyC1028/C21onCeramicWhitewaresandRe-latedProductsTestMethodforDeterminingtheStaticCoefficientofFrictionofCeramicTileandOtherLikeSurfacesbytheHori-zontalDynamometerPull-MeterMethodStaticCOFw
34、etanddryD1894/D20onPlasticsTestMethodforStaticandKineticCo-efficientsofFrictionofPlasticFilmandSheetingPlasticfilmversusstifforothersolids(sandk)D2047/D21onPolishesTestMethodforStaticCoefficientofFrictionofPolish-CoatedFlooringSur-facesasMeasuredbytheJamesMa-chineWalkingmaterialsversusshoeheelsandso
35、les(sandk)D2394/D07onWoodTestMethodsforSimulatedServiceTestingofWoodandWood-BaseFin-ishFlooringWoodandwoodbaseflooringversussoleleather(sandk)D2534/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforCoefficientofKineticFrictionforWaxCoatingsKineticcoefficientoffric-tionG115 10 (2013)3TABLE1ContinuedSt
36、andard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationD2714/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforCalibrationandOpera-tionoftheFalexBlock-on-RingFrictionandWearTestingMachineSteelringversussteelblock(lubricatedwithstan-dardoil)(k)D3108/D13onTextilesTestMethodforCoefficientofFriction,Yar
37、ntoSolidMaterialTextileyarnversussolids(k)D3412/D13onTextilesTestMethodforCoefficientofFriction,YarntoYarnContinuousfilamentandspunyarnsself-mated(sandk)D3702/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforWearRateandCoeffi-cientofFrictionofMaterialsinSelf-LubricatedRubbingContactUsingaThrustWashe
38、rTestingMachineKineticCOFD4103/D21onPolishesPracticeforPreparationofSubstrateSurfacesforCoefficientofFrictionTest-ingVinylandwoodtiles(preparation)anyG115 10 (2013)4TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationD4917/D06onPaperandPaperProductsTestMethodforCoefficientofStat
39、icandKineticFrictionofUncoatedWrit-ingandPrintingPaperbyUseoftheHorizontalPlaneMethodsandkD4918/D06onPaperandPaperProductsTestMethodforCoefficientofStaticFrictionofUncoatedWritingandPrint-ingPaperbyUseoftheInclinedPlaneMethodStaticCOFD5183/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforDeterminati
40、onoftheCoefficientofFrictionofLubricantsUs-ingtheFour-BallWearTestMachineCoefficientofforceforeachincrementof10kgfD6425/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforMeasuringFrictionandWearPropertiesofExtremePressure(EP)LubricatingOilsUsingSRVTestMachineCoefficientoffrictionfortest(min,max,andat
41、in-crementsthroughoutthetest)E303/E17onVehicle-PavementSystemsTestMethodforMeasuringSurfaceFrictionalPropertiesUsingtheBritishPendulumTesterRubberversuspavement(BPNBritishPendulumNumber)G115 10 (2013)5TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationE670/E17onVehicle-Pavement
42、SystemsTestMethodforTestingSideForceFrictiononPavedSurfacesUsingtheMu-MeterTiresversuspavementMuNumber(FdryFwet)E1911/E17onVehicle-PavementSystemsTestMethodforMeasuringPavedSur-faceFrictionalPropertiesUsingtheDynamicFrictionTesterDynamicfrictionnumbers(DNF)at12,24,36,and48mphE2100/E17onVehicle-Pavem
43、entSystemsPracticeforCalculatingtheInterna-tionalRunwayFrictionIndexFrictionindexforsnowonarunwayE2101/E17onVehicle-PavementSystemsTestMethodforMeasuringtheFrictionPropertiesofWinterContaminatedPavementSurfacesUsinganAveraging-TypeSpotMeasuringDecel-erometerFrictionindexforpave-mentF609/F13onPedestr
44、ian/WalkwaySafetyandFootwearTestMethodforUsingaHorizontalPullSlipmeter(HPS)Footwearmaterialsversuswalkingsurfaces(s)SameasD2047F695/F13onPedestrian/WalkwaySafetyandFootwearPracticeforRankingofTestDataOb-tainedforMeasurementofSlipResis-tanceofFootwearSole,Heel,andRe-latedMaterialsFootwearmaterialsver
45、suswalkingsurfaces(reliablerankingoffootwearforslipresistance) (k)SameasD2047G115 10 (2013)6TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationF732/F04onMedicalandSurgicalMaterialsandDevicesTestMethodforWearTestingofPoly-mericMaterialsUsedinTotalJointProsthesesMaterialsforhuman
46、joints(k)G77/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforRankingResistanceofMaterialstoSlidingWearUsingBlock-on-RingWearTestsinitialkfinalkfinalG99/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforWearTestingwithaPin-on-DiskApparatusCOFG133/G02WearandErosionTestMethodforLinearlyReciprocatingBall-on-FlatSlidingWearkSameasF732G13
47、7/G02WearandErosionTestMethodforRankingResistanceofPlasticMaterialstoSlidingWearUsingaBlock-On-RingConfigurationkG115 10 (2013)7TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationG143/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforMeasurementofWeb/RollerFrictionCharacteristicsskG163/G02onWear
48、andErosionGuideforDigitalDataAcquisitioninWearandFrictionMeasurementsGuidelinesondataacqui-sitionAnyrigG164/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforDeterminationofSur-faceLubricationonFlexibleWebssG176/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforRankingResistanceofPlasticstoSlidingWearusingBlock-on-RingWearTestCumulati
49、veWearMethodskinitialkfinalG181/G02onWearandErosionPracticeforConductingFrictionTestsofPistonRingandCylinderLinerMa-terialsUnderLubricatedConditionsAveragecoefficientoffric-tionG115 10 (2013)8TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationG182/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforDeterminationoftheBreakawayFrictionCharacteristicsofRollingElementBearingssG194/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforMeasuringRollingFric-tionCharacteristicsofaSphericalShapeonaFlatHorizontalPlaneCoefficientofrollingresis-tance(CORR)G115 10 (
