1、Designation: G 155 05aStandard Practice forOperating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operatingprocedures for using xenon arc light and water apparatus
3、intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur whenmaterials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or throughwindow glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. Thispractice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring,and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of expos
4、ureprocedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practicedoes not specify the exposure conditions best suited for thematerial to be tested.NOTE 1Practice G 151 describes performance criteria for all exposuredevices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces PracticeG26, which de
5、scribes very specific designs for devices used for xenon-arcexposures. The apparatus described in Practice G26iscovered by thispractice.1.2 Test specimens are exposed to filtered xenon arc lightunder controlled environmental conditions. Different types ofxenon arc light sources and different filter
6、combinations aredescribed.1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results arecovered in ASTM methods or specifications for specificmaterials. General guidance is given in Practice G 151 and ISO4892-1. More specific information about methods for deter-mining the change in properties after expo
7、sure and reportingthese results is described in Practice D 5870.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
8、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation ofthe lamp(s), it shall be carried away from the test specimensand operating personnel by an exhaust system.1.6 This practice is
9、 technically similar to the following ISOdocuments: ISO 4892-2, ISO 11341, ISO 105 B02, ISO 105B04, ISO 105 B05, and ISO 105 B06.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated MaterialsD 5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Inde
10、xof PlasticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic MaterialsG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Te
11、sts for Nonmetallic MaterialsG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light Sources2.2 CIE Standards:CIE-Publ. No. 85: Recommendations for the IntegratedIrradiance and the Spectral Distribution of SimulatedSolar Radiation for Testing Purposes
12、32.3 International Standards Organization Standards:ISO 1134, Paint and VarnishesArtificial Weathering Ex-posure to Artificial Radiation to Filtered Xenon ArcRadiation4ISO 105 B02, TextilesTests for ColorfastnessPart B02Colorfastness to Artificial Light: Xenon Arc Fading LampTest4ISO 105 B04, Textil
13、esTests for ColorfastnessPart B04Colorfastness to Artificial Weathering: Xenon Arc FadingLamp Test4ISO 105 B05, TextilesTests for ColorfastnessPart B051This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G03 on Weatheringand Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.03 on
14、Simulated and Controlled Exposure Tests.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G 155 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
15、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42d St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036).4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4
16、th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Detection and Assessment of Photochromism4ISO 105 B06, TextilesTests for ColorfastnessPart B06Colorfastness to Artificial Light at High Temperatures:Xenon A
17、rc Fading Lamp Test4ISO 4892-1, PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight Sources, Part 1, General Guidance4ISO 4892-2, PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight Sources, Part 2, Xenon-Arc Sources42.4 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:SAE J1885, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive I
18、nteriorTrim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance WaterCooled Xenon Arc Apparatus5SAE J1960, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using a Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon Arc Apparatus5SAE J2412, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive InteriorTrim Components Using a Controlled
19、Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus5SAE J2527 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Ap-paratus53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in TerminologyG113are applicable to this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2
20、.1 As used in this practice, the term sunlight is identicalto the terms daylight and solar irradiance, global as they aredefined in Terminology G113.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Specimens are exposed to repetitive cycles of light andmoisture under controlled environmental conditions.4.1.1 Moisture is u
21、sually produced by spraying the testspecimen with demineralized/deionized water or by condensa-tion of water vapor onto the specimen.4.2 The exposure condition may be varied by selection of:4.2.1 Lamp filter(s),4.2.2 The lamps irradiance level,4.2.3 The type of moisture exposure,4.2.4 The timing of
22、the light and moisture exposure,4.2.5 The temperature of light exposure,4.2.6 The temperature of moisture exposure, and4.2.7 The timing of a light/dark cycle.4.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposedin the same model of apparatus should not be made unlessreproducibility has been esta
23、blished among devices for thematerial to be tested.4.4 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposedin different models of apparatus should not be made unlesscorrelation has been established among devices for the materialto be tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 The use of this apparatus is in
24、tended to induce propertychanges associated with the end use conditions, including theeffects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures mayinclude a means to introduce moisture to the test specimen.Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration causedby localized weather phenomena,
25、such as atmospheric pollu-tion, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively,the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight throughwindow glass. Typically, these exposures would include mois-ture in the form of humidity.NOTE 2Caution: Refer to Practice G 151 for full cautionary guidan
26、ceapplicable to all laboratory weathering devices.5.2 Variation in results may be expected when operatingconditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice.Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use ofthis practice unless accompanied by a report detailing thespecifi
27、c operating conditions in conformance with the ReportSection.5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of knownperformance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with thetest specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes.It is recommended that at least three replicates of each materia
28、levaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statisticalevaluation of results.6. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Light SourceThe light source shall be oneor more quartz jacketed xenon arc lamps which emit radiationfrom below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visiblespectrum and into the infrared. In
29、order for xenon arcs tosimulate terrestrial daylight, filters must be used to removeshort wavelength UV radiation. Filters to reduce irradiance atwavelengths shorter than 310 nm must be used to simulatedaylight filtered through window glass. In addition, filters toremove infrared radiation may be us
30、ed to prevent unrealisticheating of test specimens that can cause thermal degradationnot experienced during outdoor exposures.6.1.1 The following factors can affect the spectral powerdistribution of filtered xenon arc light sources as used in theseapparatus:6.1.1.1 Differences in the composition and
31、 thickness offilters can have large effects on the amount of short wavelengthUV radiation transmitted.6.1.1.2 Aging of filters can result in changes in filtertransmission. The aging properties of filters can be influencedby the composition. Aging of filters can result in a significantreduction in th
32、e short wavelength UV emission of a xenonburner.6.1.1.3 Accumulation of deposits or other residue on filterscan effect filter transmission.6.1.1.4 Aging of the xenon burner itself can result inchanges in lamp output. Changes in lamp output may also becaused by accumulation of dirt or other residue i
33、n or on theburner envelope.6.1.2 Follow the device manufacturers instructions forrecommended maintenance.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.G 155 05a26.1.3 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc with DaylightFiltersFilters are used to filt
34、er xenon arc lamp emissions ina simulation of terrestrial sunlight. The spectral power distri-bution of xenon arcs with new or pre-aged filters6,7shallcomply with the requirements specified in Table 1.6.1.4 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc With Window GlassFiltersFilters are used to filter xenon arc
35、 lamp emissions ina simulation of sunlight filtered through window glass.8Table2 shows the relative spectral power distribution limits forxenon arcs filtered with window glass filters. The spectralpower distribution of xenon arcs with new or pre-aged filtersshall comply with the requirements specifi
36、ed in Table 2.6.1.5 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc With Extended UVFiltersFilter that transmit more short wavelength UV aresometimes used to accelerate test result. Although this type offilter has been specified in some tests, they transmit significantradiant energy below 300 nm (the typical cut-o
37、n wavelengthfor terrestrial sunlight) and may result in aging processes notoccurring outdoors. The spectral irradiance for a xenon arcwith extended UV filters shall comply with the requirements ofTable 3.6.1.6 The actual irradiance at the testers specimen plane isa function of the number of xenon bu
38、rners used, the powerapplied to each, and the distance between the test specimensand the xenon burner. If appropriate, report the irradiance andthe bandpass in which it was measured.6.2 Test ChamberThe design of the test chamber mayvary, but it should be constructed from corrosion resistantmaterial
39、and, in addition to the radiant source, may provide formeans of controlling temperature and relative humidity. Whenrequired, provision shall be made for the spraying of water onthe test specimen, for the formation of condensate on theexposed face of the specimen or for the immersion of the testspeci
40、men in water.6.2.1 The radiation source(s) shall be located with respect tothe specimens such that the irradiance at the specimen facecomplies with the requirements in Practice G 151.6Ketola, W., Skogland, T., Fischer, R., “Effects of Filter and BurnerAging on theSpectral Power Distribution of Xenon
41、 Arc Lamps,” Durability Testing of Non-Metallic Materials, ASTM STP 1294, Robert Herling, Editor, ASTM, Philadelphia,1995.7Searle, N. D., Giesecke, P., Kinmonth, R., and Hirt, R. C., “Ultraviolet SpectralDistributions and Aging Characteristics of Xenon Arcs and Filters,” Applied Optics,Vol. No. 8, 1
42、964, pp. 923927.8Ketola, W., Robbins, J. S., “UV Transmission of Single Strength WindowGlass,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTMSTP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, Editors, ASTM, Philadelphia,1993.TABLE 1 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power Distributi
43、onSpecification for Xenon Arc with Daylight FiltersA,BSpectral BandpassWavelength l in nmMinimumPercentCBenchmark SolarRadiation PercentD,E,FMaximumPercentCl 290 0.15290 # l # 320 2.6 5.8 7.9320 l # 360 28.3 40.0 40.0360 l # 400 54.2 54.2 67.5AData in Table 1 are the irradiance in the given bandpass
44、 expressed as apercentage of the total irradiance from 290 to 400 nm. The manufacturer isresponsible for determining conformance to Table 1. Annex A1 states how todetermine relative spectral irradiance.BThe data in Table 1 are based on the rectangular integration of 112 spectralpower distributions f
45、or water and air cooled xenon-arcs with daylight filters ofvarious lots and ages. The spectral power distribution data is for filters andxenon-burners within the aging recommendations of the device manufacturer. Theminimum and maximum data are at least the three sigma limits from the mean forall mea
46、surements.CThe minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 %because they represent the minimum and maximum for the data used. For anyindividual spectral power distribution, the calculated percentage for the band-passes in Table 1 will sum to 100 %. For any individual xenon-lamp with
47、daylightfilters, the calculated percentage in each bandpass must fall within the minimumand maximum limits of Table 1. Test results can be expected to differ betweenexposures using xenon arc devices in which the spectral power distributions differby as much as that allowed by the tolerances. Contact
48、 the manufacturer of thexenon-arc devices for specific spectral power distribution data for the xenon-arcand filters used.DThe benchmark solar radiation data is defined in ASTM G 177 and is foratmospheric conditions and altitude chosen to maximize the fraction of shortwavelength solar UV. This data
49、is provided for comparison purposes only.EPrevious versions of this standard used solar radiation data from Table 4 ofCIE Publication Number 85. See Appendix X4 for more information comparing thesolar radiation data used in this standard with that for CIE 85 Table 4.FFor the benchmark solar spectrum, the UV irradiance (290 to 400 nm) is 9.8 %and the visible irradiance (400 to 800 nm) is 90.2 % expressed as a percentage ofthe total irradiance from 290 to 800 nm. The percentages of UV and visibleirradiances on samples exposed in xenon arc devices may vary due to
